Design and synthesis of protoporphyrin IX/vitamin B12 molecular hybrids viaCuAAC reaction

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (01n02) ◽  
pp. 104-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafał Loska ◽  
Anita Janiga ◽  
Dorota Gryko
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Biological Studies ◽  
Molecular Hybrids ◽  
Vinyl Group

The design and synthesis of new molecular hybrids composed of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) and vitamin B12 via copper catalyzed alkyne azide cycloaddition reaction is described. New, clickable aminoazide and aminoalkyne linkers were prepared and subsequently attached to PPIX (via vinyl group) and to vitamin B12 giving desired building blocks. Preliminary results showed that respective water soluble hybrids were formed under CuAAC reaction. Gratifyingly, Cu incorporation into the PPIX core was avoided, which was important for further biological studies.

scholarly journals VITAMIN DEFICIENCY AND FOOD SUPPLEMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 540-552
Author(s):  
Saad Fahad Aldaihani
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
Megaloblastic Anaemia ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
B12 Deficiency ◽  
And Function ◽  
Harmful Effects

Vitamins are a heterogeneous group of organic compounds that help ensure the human bodys wellbeing and function. This paper introduces the importance of all vitamins, both water-soluble and fat-soluble, as well as problems deriving from their deficiency. Additionally, vitamin supplements as part of treating vitamin deficiency, and possible harmful effects on the human body areshowcased. The main focus of the paper is on the vitamin B complex, and vitamin B12 specifically. The benefits of vitamin B12, as well as its action in the human body and the noxious effects of any lack of vitamin B12 in the human body, are also discussed. Some of the health conditionsan individual may need to face when they have vitamin B12 deficiency include neural tube defects, Alzheimers disease, depression, and megaloblastic anaemia, which are also introduced and further discussed, in terms of symptomatology, causes and suggested treatment. The toxicity of vitamin B12 is also introduced, and possible causes for vitamin B12 deficiency are showcased.

scholarly journals Design and Synthesis of Aromatics through [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization

Synlett ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (18) ◽  
pp. 2342-2361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sambasivarao Kotha ◽  
Kakali Lahiri ◽  
Gaddamedi Sreevani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Benzene Derivatives ◽  
Unusual Amino Acids ◽  
Design And Synthesis

The [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction is a useful tool to realize unusual chemical transformations which are not achievable by traditional methods. Here, we report our work during the past two decades that involve utilization of transition-metal complexes in a [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization reaction. Several key “building blocks” were assembled by a [2+2+2] cycloaddition approach and they have been further expanded by other synthetic transformations to design unusual amino acids and peptides, diphenylalkanes, bis- and trisaryl benzene derivatives, annulated benzocycloalkanes, spirocycles, and spirooxindole derivatives. Furthermore, we have also discussed about alkyne surrogates, environmentally friendly, and stereoselective [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions. Application of the [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction in total synthesis is also covered. In this review we also included others work to give a balanced view of the recent developments in the area of [2+2+2] cycloaddition.1 Introduction2 Unusual Amino Acids and Peptides3 Heteroanalogues of Indane4 Diphenylalkane Derivatives5 Multi-Armed Aryl Benzene Derivatives6 Annulated Benzocycloalkanes7 Spirocycles8 Selectivity in [2+2+2] Cycloaddition of Alkynes9 [2+2+2] Cycloaddition Reactions under Environmentally Friendly Conditions10 Alkyne Surrogates11 Domino Reactions involving a [2+2+2] Cycloaddition12 Biologically Important Targets/Total Synthesis13 Conclusions

scholarly journals Effect of methionine on the metabolic fate of liver folates in vitamin B12-deficient rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaretha Jågerstad ◽  
B. Åkesson ◽  
C. Fehling
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Primary Culture ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Folate Metabolism ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Methyl Groups ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Metabolic Fate ◽  
Tenfold Increase

1. Hepatocytes isolated from vitamin B12-deficient and vitamin B12-supplemented rats were maintained in primary culture and were used to study the effect of methionine on the metabolism of [3H]folic acid and [5-14C]methyltetrahydrofolic acid.2. Vitamin B12 levels were reduced by approximately 75% in the hepatocytes from the deficient animals. Total folate and methyltetrahydrofolic acid concentrations were also significantly reduced.3. There was no significanct difference in the uptake and retention of added [3H[folic acid and [5-14C]-methyltetrahydrofolic acid between the hepatocytes of the two groups. The incorporation of 14C into phospholipids was reduced by approximately 60% in the vitamin B12-deficient hepatocytes (P < 0.001).4. The addition of methionine to the culture medium doubled the uptake and retention of 3H in both groups, but it did not change the amount of water-soluble 14C Compounds. In the vitamin B12-deficient hepatocytes mainly methylated folate increased, whereas non-methylated folate increased in the hepatocytes of the control animals. A tenfold increase of 14C incorporated into phospholipids was found in both groups after methionine was added.5. Demethylation of methyltetrahydrofolic acid, the intracellular retention of folate and the utilization of liberated methyl groups, for example in the methylation of phospholipids, were highest in the presence of both methionine and vitamin B12 suggesting an intimate co-ordination between these two substances in the regulation of folate metabolism.

scholarly journals Slow-targeted release of a ruthenium anticancer agent from vitamin B12 functionalized marine diatom microalgae

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (48) ◽  
pp. 17221-17232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Delasoie ◽  
Jérémie Rossier ◽  
Laetitia Haeni ◽  
Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser ◽  
Fabio Zobi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Anticancer Agent ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Targeted Release

Bio-inspired drug capsules: The synthesis of a new vitamin-B12 modified biomaterial with increased static adherence properties toward cancer cell lines, allowed the targeted delivery of a poorly water-soluble ruthenium drug with an unprecedented release profile.

Truncated vitamin B12 derivative with the phosphate group retained

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 554-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Hassan ◽  
Agnieszka Jackowska ◽  
Dorota Gryko
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Phosphate Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Organic Halide ◽  
Phosphodiester Bond ◽  
Phosphate Moiety ◽  
Cobyric Acid

Cobyric acid and cobinamide are valuable building blocks for the synthesis of artificial cobalamins modified at the nucleotide loop. However, truncated vitamin B[Formula: see text] derivatives are devoid of the phosphate group. We have found that 2-iodoxy benzoic acid-mediated phosphorolysis leads to the cleavage of only one of the phosphodiester bond giving a vitamin B[Formula: see text] analogue with the phosphate moiety preserved. Subsequent alkylation with an organic halide establishes its role as a precursor for the synthesis of vitamin B[Formula: see text] mimics modified at the nucleotide loop.

Design and synthesis of novel pyrazoline derivatives for their spectroscopic, single crystal X-ray and biological studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 1234 ◽  
pp. 130131
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asad ◽  
Salman A. Khan ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Arshad ◽  
Abdullah M. Asiri ◽  
Mohd Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Biological Studies

scholarly journals Highly Efficient MOF Catalyst Systems for CO2 Conversion to Bis-Cyclic Carbonates as Building Blocks for NIPHUs (Non-Isocyanate Polyhydroxyurethanes) Synthesis

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Adolfo Benedito ◽  
Eider Acarreta ◽  
Enrique Giménez
Keyword(s):  
Molar Mass ◽  
Cycloaddition Reaction ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Cyclic Carbonate ◽  
Ammonium Bromide ◽  
Cyclic Carbonates ◽  
High Molar Mass ◽  
Highly Efficient ◽  
Free Process

The present paper describes a greener sustainable route toward the synthesis of NIPHUs. We report a highly efficient solvent-free process to produce [4,4′-bi(1,3-dioxolane)]-2,2′-dione (BDC), involving CO2, as renewable feedstock, and bis-epoxide (1,3-butadiendiepoxide) using only metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as catalysts and cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a co-catalyst. This synthetic procedure is evaluated in the context of reducing global emissions of waste CO2 and converting CO2 into useful chemical feedstocks. The reaction was carried out in a pressurized reactor at pressures of 30 bars and controlled temperatures of around 120–130 °C. This study examines how reaction parameters such as catalyst used, temperature, or reaction time can influence the molar mass, yield, or reactivity of BDC. High BDC reactivity is essential for producing high molar mass linear non-isocyanate polyhydroxyurethane (NIPHU) via melt-phase polyaddition with aliphatic diamines. The optimized Al-OH-fumarate catalyst system described in this paper exhibited a 78% GC-MS conversion for the desired cyclic carbonates, in the absence of a solvent and a 50 wt % chemically fixed CO2. The cycloaddition reaction could also be carried out in the absence of CTAB, although lower cyclic carbonate yields were observed.

scholarly journals Molecularly imprinted membrane for transport of urea, creatinine, and vitamin B12 as a hemodialysis candidate membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Muhammad Cholid Djunaidi ◽  
Nabilah Anindita Febriola ◽  
Abdul Haris
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Selective Transport ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Membrane ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Imprinted Membrane

Abstract High levels of urea and creatinine in the blood are a sign of decreased kidney function. To remove these substances from the blood, hemodialysis which utilizes membranes could be used. In this study, a molecularly imprinted membrane (MIM) was synthesized for the selective transport of urea. The synthesis is initiated with the polymerization of eugenol into polyeugenol and then into polyeugenoxy acetate (PA). The PA is then contacted with urea and then used as the functional polymer in the synthesis of MIM with polysulfone as the membrane base, and polyethylene glycol as the cross-linking agent. The result was later analyzed with FTIR and SEM-EDX. The membrane is then used in the transport of urea, creatinine, and vitamin B12 and then compared with the non-imprinted membrane (NIM) performance. By using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, the results showed that the membrane with 10 h heating variation is able to transport more urea and is more selective than NIM; this proves that the urea template on the MIM enables it to recognize urea molecules better than creatinine and vitamin B12. The order of transport from the best results is urea > creatinine > vitamin B12.

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