A New Noninvasive Method for Determining the Local (True) Wave Speed: Application to Internal Carotid Artery

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 61-73
Author(s):  
Asma Ayadi ◽  
Wassila Sahtout ◽  
Olivier Baledent
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Cepstral Analysis ◽  
Wall Stiffness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Contrast Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Local Wave ◽  
Young Subjects

Local wave speed plays an interesting role in investigating cardiovascular diseases and arterial wall stiffness. The aim of this study was to implement a novel method based on cepstral analysis for noninvasive determination of local wave speed in the carotid artery. To show the precision of the proposed method, we specially focused on the effect of age. In addition, we intended to compare the obtained results to those obtained by the foot-to-foot method. Our method consists in measuring the instantaneous blood velocity in the internal carotid by using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging in 20 healthy subjects distributed as follows: 10 young subjects aged between 22 and 41 years, and 10 old subjects aged between 50 and 86 years. The cepstral analysis was used to determine the arrival time of the reflection wave and the wave speed in the carotid artery. A statistical test analysis was conducted in order to establish the relation between the wave speed and the age in the sample under investigation. Our main finding was that there was a high significant difference between the two groups forming the studied sample ([Formula: see text]). In terms of the internal carotid arterial branch, our experimental results were in total agreement with reference values by the invasive method reported in the literature. Moreover, the wave speed detected using our method correlated with that detected using foot-to-foot analysis ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). We can conclude that the new technique described in this paper offers a promising, convenient and efficient method to measure wave speed noninvasively.

A novel non-invasive method for estimating the local wave speed at a single site in the internal carotid artery

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Ayadi ◽  
Wassila Sahtout ◽  
Olivier Baledent
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Blood Velocity ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Velocity Waveform ◽  
Local Wave ◽  
Invasive Method

AbstractObjectivesLocal wave speed is a biomarker which provides an objective analysis of the cardiovascular function. The aim of this study was to determine the local wave speed in the internal carotid artery by a new non-invasive method that measures blood velocity waveform at only one site.MethodsFor this purpose, the cepstral analysis was employed to determine the arrival time of the reflection wave and the wave speed in the carotid artery. To validate our model, we applied it experimentally in vivo on young and old healthy subjects. The blood velocity waveform was measured by using phase-contrast magnetic resonance for 22 subjects.ResultsOur experimental results correlated with reference values reported in previous studies conducted on the internal arterial carotid usually adopting the invasive method. They also correlated with those obtained by using the foot-to-foot method (R2=0.72). The wave speed obtained by the method developed in this study and that of the foot-to-foot method increased with age (p<0.001).ConclusionsThe method developed in this study can be applied in the other arteries and it can also be used with other techniques such as ultrasound imaging.

COMPARATIVE STUDY FOR WAVE SPEED ESTIMATION AT A SINGLE AND TWO MEASUREMENT POINTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150048
Author(s):  
ASMA AYADI ◽  
WASSILA SAHTOUT ◽  
OLIVIER BALEDENT
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Wave Speed ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Area Formula ◽  
Reflected Waves ◽  
Cepstral Analysis ◽  
Contrast Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Local Wave ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Total Agreement

Local wave speed is a prognostic detector that allows the analysis of cardiovascular function. Objectives: This study compared wave speed ([Formula: see text] measurements at single-point and two-point techniques. Material and methods: [Formula: see text] were determined from the cepstral analysis of the blood flow velocities, which identified the arrivals times of reflected waves. The blood velocities waveforms were measured by using phase-contrast magnetic resonance (PCMR) for 20 subjects on young and old healthy subjects.  Local wave speed was estimated through the arrivals time of reflections waves ([Formula: see text] and the distance separating the measurement site to reflection area ([Formula: see text] or the distance separating the two measurement sites. Results: Our obtained results were in total agreement with reference values reported in the literature. Moreover, the detected results show that there is a high correlation ([Formula: see text]) between the two methods. Conclusion: The analysis of the wave speed variations with advancing age is also achieved out through different regression models.

scholarly journals POS0586 RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS IS AN INFLAMMATORY DISEASE WITH A HIGH CARDIOVASCULAR RISK

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 526.1-526
Author(s):  
L. Nacef ◽  
H. Riahi ◽  
Y. Mabrouk ◽  
H. Ferjani ◽  
K. Maatallah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
External Carotid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background:Hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia are traditional risk factors of cardiac events. Carotid ultrasonography is an available way to detect subclinical atherosclerosis.Objectives:This study aimed to compare the intima-media thickness in RA patients based on their personal cardiovascular (CV) history of hypertension (hypertension), diabetes, and dyslipidemia.Methods:The present study is a prospective study conducted on Tunisian RA patients in the rheumatology department of Mohamed Kassab University Hospital (March and December 2020). The characteristics of the patients and those of the disease were collected.The high-resolution B-mode carotid US measured the IMT, according to American Society of Echocardiography guidelines. The carotid bulb below its bifurcation and the internal and external carotid arteries were evaluated bilaterally with grayscale, spectral, and color Doppler ultrasonography using proprietary software for carotid artery measurements. IMT was measured using the two inner layers of the common carotid artery, and an increased IMT was defined as ≥0.9 mm. A Framingham score was calculated to predict the cardiovascular risk at 10-year.Results:Forty-seven patients were collected, 78.7% of whom were women. The mean age was 52.5 ±11.06 [32-76]. The rheumatoid factor (RF) was positive in 57.8% of cases, and anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA) were positive in 62.2% of cases. RA was erosive in 81.6% of cases. Hypertension (hypertension) was present in 14.9% of patients, diabetes in 12.8% of patients, and dyslipidemia in 12.8% of patients. Nine patients were active smokers. The mean IMT in the left common carotid (LCC) was 0.069 ±0.015, in the left internal carotid (LIC) was 0.069 ±0.015, in the left external carotid (LEC) was 0.060 ±0.023. The mean IMT was 0.068 ±0.01 in the right common carotid (RCC), 0.062 ±0.02 in the right internal carotid (RIC), and 0.060 ±0.016 in the right external carotid (REC). The IMT was significantly higher in the left common carotid (LCC) in patients with hypertension (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the other ultrasound sites (LIC, LEC, RCC, RIC, and REC) according to the presence or absence of hypertension. The IMT was also significantly increased in patients with diabetes at LCC (p=0.017) and RIC (p=0.025). There was no significant difference in the IMT at different ultrasound sites between patients with and without dyslipidemia.Conclusion:Hypertension was significantly associated with the increase in IMT at the LCC level in RA patients. Diabetes had an impact on IMT in LCC and RIC. However, dyslipidemia did not affect the IMT at the different ultrasound sites.References:[1]S. Gunter and al. Arterial wave reflection and subclinical atherosclerosis in rheumatoid arthritis. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2018; 36: Clinical E.xperimental.[2]Aslan and al. Assessment of local carotid stiffness in seronegative and seropositive rheumatoid arthritis. SCANDINAVIAN CARDIOVASCULAR JOURNAL, 2017.[3]Martin I. Wah-Suarez and al, Carotid ultrasound findings in rheumatoid arthritis and control subjects: A case-control study. Int J Rheum Dis. 2018;1–7.[4]Gobbic C and al. Marcadores subclínicos de aterosclerosis y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en artritis temprana. Subclinical markers of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors in early arthritis marcadores subclínicos de aterosclerose e fatores de risco cardiovascular na artrite precoce.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Internal carotid artery velocities in patients with unilateral non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Bulan Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Contralateral Side ◽  
Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Ischemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Objective: This study aims to evaluate and compare the proximal, medial, and distal segments of internal carotid artery (ICA) peak systolic velocities (PSV) in patients with nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) in one eye against the contralateral side with normal eye findings using doppler ultrasound. Methods:  This is a single-center,  prospective, case control study of five patients with unilateral NA-AION.  The peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the proximal, medial, and distal segments of the ICAs on both sides, one side with NA-AION while the contralateral side had normal eye findings, were compared and analyzed. Results: Four females and one male with a mean age of 59 years (SD = 17 years) were included. PSV of the ICA was measured in three segments: Proximal (PICA), Medial (MICA), and Distal (DICA). Mean PSV of eyes with NA-AION was 143cm/sec (SD= 177cm/sec), 159 cm/sec (SD=189 cm/sec), 98 cm/sec (SD=34cm/sec) for PICA, MICA and DICA respectively. Mean PSV of contralateral side without NA-AION was 95cm/sec (SD= 72cm/sec), 101 cm/sec (SD=53cm/sec), 140cm/sec (SD=60 cm/sec) for PICA, MICA and DICA respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups along the three segments (T-test PICAp=0.369, MICAp=0.402, DICAp=0.112). Conclusion: Mean PSV was higher in eyes with NA-AION at the proximal and medial segments of the ICA, while it was lower at the distal segments compared to the contralateral non-NA-AION side. 

scholarly journals Decompressive craniectomy for internal carotid artery and middle carotid artery infarctions: a long-term comparative outcome study

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. E10
Author(s):  
Jia Xu Lim ◽  
Srujana Venkata Vedicherla ◽  
Shu Kiat Sukit Chan ◽  
Nishal Kishinchand Primalani ◽  
Audrey J. L. Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Decompressive Craniectomy ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Inpatient Mortality ◽  
Stroke Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazard Regression

OBJECTIVE Malignant internal carotid artery (ICA) infarction is an entirely different disease entity when compared with middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction. Because of an increased area of infarction, it is assumed to have a poorer prognosis; however, this has never been adequately investigated. Decompressive craniectomy (DC) for malignant MCA infarction has been shown to improve mortality rates in several randomized controlled trials. Conversely, aggressive surgical decompression for ICA infarction has not been recommended. The authors sought to compare the functional outcomes and survival between patients with ICA infarctions and those with MCA infarctions after DC in the largest series to date to investigate this assumption. METHODS A multicenter retrospective review of 154 consecutive DCs for large territory cerebral infarctions performed from 2005 to 2020 were analyzed. Patients were divided into ICA and MCA groups depending on the territory of infarction. Variables, including age, sex, medical comorbidities, laterality of the infarction, preoperative neurological status, primary stroke treatment, and the time from stroke onset to DC, were recorded. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed for the clinical exposures for functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) on discharge and at the 1- and 6-month follow-ups, and for mortality, both inpatient and at the 1-year follow-up. A favorable mRS score was defined as 0–2. RESULTS There were 67 patients (43.5%) and 87 patients (56.5%) in the ICA and MCA groups, respectively. Univariable analysis showed that the ICA group had a comparably favorable mRS (OR 0.15 [95% CI 0.18–1.21], p = 0.077). Inpatient mortality (OR 1.79 [95% CI 0.79–4.03], p = 0.16) and 1-year mortality (OR 2.07 [95% CI 0.98–4.37], p = 0.054) were comparable between the groups. After adjustment, a favorable mRS score at 6 months (OR 0.17 [95% CI 0.018–1.59], p = 0.12), inpatient mortality (OR 1.02 [95% CI 0.29–3.57], p = 0.97), and 1-year mortality (OR 0.94 [95% CI 0.41–2.69], p = 0.88) were similar in both groups. The overall survival, plotted using the Cox proportional hazard regression, did not show a significant difference between the ICA and MCA groups (HR 0.581). CONCLUSIONS Unlike previous smaller studies, this study found that patients with malignant ICA infarction had a functional outcome and survival that was similar to those with MCA infarction after DC. Therefore, DC can be offered for malignant ICA infarction for life-saving purposes with limited functional recovery.

scholarly journals Ocular and Cerebral Ischemic Mechanisms in Disease of the Internal Carotid Artery

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Ross ◽  
Ian M. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Ophthalmic Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cell Aggregation ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis ◽  
Circulation Time ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Red Cell Deformability ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT:Stenosis of the internal carotid artery reduces the flow velocity in the ophthalmic artery. Lowered velocity permits increased red cell aggregation and decreased red cell deformability which increases viscosity.Contrary to the theory of remotely originating emboli, this is an alternate hypothesis regarding transient attacks of ocular and cerebral ischemia.The ophthalmic artery circulation time was measured in two groups of patients. The circulation time was defined as the interval between the appearance of contrast media in the siphon of the internal carotid artery and in the ocular choroid. The measurement was made on 151 angiograms of 108 subjects. These vessels were normal. An additional 76 patients had 108 angiograms which showed various amounts of internal carotid artery stenosis. These 76 patients had transient ischemic attacks; retinal, cerebral, or both.There is a significant difference in the ophthalmic artery circulation time in the two groups. The slowing in the ophthalmic artery is related to the degree of internal carotid artery narrowing.The circulation time in a cerebral branch of the internal carotid was not measured. It is presumed that stenosis of the internal carotid artery would have the same effect on a cerebral artery as on the ophthalmic artery.

scholarly journals Research on Association of the Diameter of the Internal Carotid Artery Siphon and Nonarteritic Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Fu ◽  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Yanling Wang
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy

Objective. To investigate the association of the diameter of the internal carotid artery siphon (ICAS) and nonarteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION). Methods. Thirty patients clinically diagnosed with NAION (unilateral affected) who presented to Beijing Friendship Hospital from January 2017 to October 2018 were selected. The eyes suffered from NAION were enrolled as the observation group, and the fellow healthy eyes were enrolled as the control group. The following indexes were measured: diameter of the ICAS and the ophthalmic artery (OA), intima-media thickness (IMT) of the internal carotid artery (ICA), degree of stenosis of the ICA and plaque formation, and hemodynamic parameters of the ICA and the short posterior ciliary arteries (SPCAs). All the values were compared between the two groups. Results. The diameter of the ICAS in the observation group (0.30 ± 0.07 cm) significantly narrowed compared with that of the control group (0.32 ± 0.06 cm) (P<0.05), but the diameter of the OA of the two groups had no significant difference. The detection rate of carotid atherosclerosis plaque, the average blood flow velocity (Vm), and the resistance index (RI) of the ICA in the observation group (46.67%, 26.81 ± 1.78 cm/s, and 0.72 ± 0.06) had significant differences compared with those of the control group (16.67%, 28.19 ± 2.75 cm/s, and 0.70 ± 0.05) (P<0.05), but the gradings of ICA stenosis and IMT between the two groups had no significant differences. The peak systolic velocity (PSV) and the end diastolic velocity (EDV) of the SPCAs in the observation group (10.72 ± 2.88 cm/s and 3.43 ± 1.01 cm/s) were significantly lower than those of the control group (13.62 ± 3.93 cm/s and 4.59 ± 1.71 cm/s) (P<0.05), but the RI of the SPCAs of the two groups had no significant differences. Conclusion. The diameter of the ICAS has a close relationship with NAION.

Assessment of association between the carotid web and dissection in spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection patients using vessel wall MRI

2021 ◽  
pp. 028418512110651
Author(s):  
Srijana Shrestha ◽  
Heyi Gu ◽  
Wei Xie ◽  
Bo He ◽  
Wei Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Carotid Artery Dissection ◽  
Artery Dissection ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery Dissection ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Background Internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) is the major cause of ischemic stroke in young to middle-aged people. Recognition of predisposing factors may facilitate in early individual risk prediction and expand treatment. Purpose To evaluate the association between a carotid web and dissection in patients with ICAD using vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging (VW-MRI). Material and Methods A retrospective study was conducted of 223 patients who underwent VW-MRI. Of these patients, 58 patients with craniocervical artery dissection (CCAD) (33 ICAD and 25 vertebrobasilar artery dissection [VBAD]) were included. The control group (n = 165) consisted of patients without arterial dissection who had undergone VW-MRI . The presence of a carotid web in the posterior aspect of carotid bulb was recorded. The distance between the carotid web and start of dissection in ICA was recorded. Results The presence of a carotid web showed a significant difference between the ICAD, VBAD, and control groups (19 [57.6%] vs. 5 [20%] vs. 36 [21.8%], respectively; P < 0.001). In multi-nominal analysis, the presence of a carotid web showed a significant difference between the ICAD and VBAD groups and the ICAD and control groups ( P < 0.05), with odds ratios of 5.41 (95% confidence interval [CI]=1.634–17.973) and 4.81 (95% CI=2.176–10.651), respectively. Out of 19 ICAD patients with carotid web, 16 had occurrence of dissection in the C1 segment of the ICA with a mean distance of 1.91 ± 1.71 cm from the carotid web. Conclusion Presence of a carotid web was more frequent in patients with ICAD. The carotid web may be one of the predisposing factors for development of dissection in patients with ICAD.

Prevalence of cerebral aneurysms in patients with fibromuscular dysplasia: a reassessment

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 436-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry J. Cloft ◽  
David F. Kallmes ◽  
Michelle H. Kallmes ◽  
Jonas H. Goldstein ◽  
Mary E. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Fibromuscular Dysplasia ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Cerebral Aneurysms ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of cerebral saccular aneurysms in patients with carotid artery and/or vertebral artery (VA) fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Methods. A metaanalysis was performed using data from 17 previously reported series of patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) and/or VA FMD that included information on the prevalence of cerebral aneurysms. In addition, the authors retrospectively evaluated their own series of 117 patients with ICA and/or VA FMD to determine the prevalence of cerebral aneurysms. The metaanalysis of the 17 earlier series, which included 498 patients, showed a 7.6 ± 2.5% prevalence of incidental, asymptomatic aneurysms in patients with ICA and/or VA FMD. In the authors' series of patients with FMD, 6.3 ± 4.9% of patients harbored an incidental, asymptomatic aneurysm. When the authors' series was combined with those included in the metaanalysis, the prevalence was found to be 7.3 ± 2.2%. The prevalence of aneurysms in the general population would have to be greater than 5.6% for there to be no statistically significant difference (chi-square test, p < 0.05) when compared with this 7.3% prevalence in patients with FMD. Conclusions. The prevalence of intracranial aneurysms in patients with cervical ICA and/or VA FMD is approximately 7%, which is not nearly as high as the 21 to 51% prevalence that has been previously reported.

scholarly journals Acute thromboses and occlusions of dual layer carotid stents in endovascular treatment of tandem occlusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes A R Pfaff ◽  
Christoph Maurer ◽  
Erasmia Broussalis ◽  
Hendrik Janssen ◽  
Raphael Blanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Carotid Artery Stenting ◽  
Internal Carotid ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery ◽  
Stent Occlusion ◽  
Significant Difference

PurposeTo evaluate the occurrence and risk factors of acute in-stent thrombosis or stent occlusion in patients with tandem occlusions receiving intracranial mechanical thrombectomy and emergent extracranial internal carotid artery stenting with a dual layer carotid stent.MethodsMulticenter retrospective data collection and analysis of stroke databases of seven comprehensive stroke centers from three European countries.ResultsOverall, 160 patients (mean (SD) age 66 (12) years; 104 men (65%); median (IQR) baseline NIHSS 14 (9–18); IV lysis, n=97 (60.6%)) were treated for a cervical carotid artery occlusion or stenosis using a CASPER stent (MicroVention), and received mechanical thrombectomy for an intracranial occlusion between April 2014 and November 2018. During the procedure or within 72 hours, formation of thrombus and complete occlusion of the CASPER stent was observed in 33/160 (20.8%) and in 12/160 patients (7.5%), respectively. In 25/33 (75.8%) and in 9/12 patients (75%), respectively, this occurred during the procedure. No statistically significant difference was observed between patients with and without thrombus formation with regard to pre-existing long term medication with anticoagulants or intraprocedural administration of heparin, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), or heparin and ASA. Favorable early neurological outcome was similar in patients with (n=15; 45.5%) and without (n=63; 49.6%) thrombus formation at the CASPER stent.ConclusionAcute thrombosis or occlusion of CASPER stents in thrombectomy patients receiving emergent extracranial internal carotid artery stenting for tandem occlusions were observed more often during the procedure than within 72 hours of follow-up, were less frequent then previously reported, and showed no impact on early neurological outcome.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document