Impact of solitons on the progression of initial lesion in aortic dissection

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150096
Author(s):  
Vishakha Jadaun ◽  
Nitin Raja Singh ◽  
Shveta Singh ◽  
Ravi Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Dark Soliton ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Lie Group Of Transformations ◽  
Catastrophic Disease ◽  
Oxygen Dynamics ◽  
Tunica Intima

Aortic dissection (AD) is the most common catastrophic disease reported at cardiovascular emergency in hospitals. Herein, a tear in the tunica intima results into separation of layers of aortic wall leading to rupture and torrential bleed. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are associated with AD. The release of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1[Formula: see text] from the initial flap lesion in the tunica intima is the basis for aneurysmal prone factors. We framed a boundary value problem (BVP) to evaluate homeostatic saturation for oxygen dynamics using steady-state analysis. We prove uniqueness and existence of the solution of the BVP for gas exchange at capillary–tissue interface as a normal physiological function. Failure of homeostatic mechanism establishes hypoxia, a new quasi-steady-state in AD. We model permeation of two-layer fluid comprised of blood and HIF-1[Formula: see text] through tunica media as a generalized [Formula: see text]-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation and solve it using Lie group of transformations method. We note that the two-layer fluid permeates the tunica media as solitary wave including solitons such as bright soliton, dark soliton, peregrine soliton, topological soliton, kink soliton, breather soliton and multi-soliton complex. Also, we introduce the main result and discuss the implications of soliton solution, using graphic interpretation, to describe the early stage of progression of AD.

scholarly journals Role of SIRT-3, p-mTOR and HIF-1α in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Affected by Metabolic Dysfunctions and in Chronic Treatment with Metformin

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena De Matteis ◽  
Emanuela Scarpi ◽  
Anna Granato ◽  
Umberto Vespasiani-Gentilucci ◽  
Giuliano La Barba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Significant Benefit ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunctions ◽  
Worse Prognosis

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma deriving from metabolic dysfunctions has increased in the last years. Sirtuin- (SIRT-3), phospho-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor- (HIF-1α) are involved in metabolism and cancer. However, their role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metabolism, drug resistance and progression remains unclear. This study aimed to better clarify the biological and clinical function of these markers in HCC patients, in relation to the presence of metabolic alterations, metformin therapy and clinical outcome. A total of 70 HCC patients were enrolled: 48 and 22 of whom were in early stage and advanced stage, respectively. The expression levels of the three markers were assessed by immunohistochemistry and summarized using descriptive statistics. SIRT-3 expression was higher in diabetic than non-diabetic patients, and in metformin-treated than insulin-treated patients. Interestingly, p-mTOR was higher in patients with metabolic syndrome than those with different etiology, and, similar to SIRT-3, in metformin-treated than insulin-treated patients. Moreover, our results describe a slight, albeit not significant, benefit of high SIRT-3 and a significant benefit of high nuclear HIF-1α expression in early-stage patients, whereas high levels of p-mTOR correlated with worse prognosis in advanced-stage patients. Our study highlighted the involvement of SIRT-3 and p-mTOR in metabolic dysfunctions that occur in HCC patients, and suggested SIRT-3 and HIF-1α as predictors of prognosis in early-stage HCC patients, and p-mTOR as target for the treatment of advanced-stage HCC.

Steady-State and Transient Dynamical Systems Analysis of Uncoupled and Coupled Very Large Amplitude Roll Response of a Vessel in Regular and Random Waves

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey M. Falzarano ◽  
Srinivas Vishnubhotla ◽  
Sarah E. Juckett
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Large Amplitude ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Static Stability ◽  
Random Waves ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Navy ◽  
Regular And Random Waves

This paper contains the most recent results of our analysis of the DTMB 5415 model hull. This hull is an early stage version of the US Navy’s DDG-51 and approximately represents the last traditional destroyer hull form designed, built and operated by the US Navy. Moreover, the US Navy has recently proposed an alternative simulation based approach to traditional static stability analysis for advanced hull forms. Static stability analysis has been in use by the US Navy for at least 50 years. This paper proposes an alternative analysis technique which uses modern techniques of dynamical systems to analyze the large amplitude (nonlinear) roll response of a vessel in waves. The technique considers the steady state (local) roll response, the transient (global) roll response in both regular and random waves. Moreover, the effects of coupling, damping and reduced GM are all investigated.

Changes in the incidence of cervical tumours by disease stage in a cytology-based screening programme

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-104
Author(s):  
Lauro Bucchi ◽  
Silvia Mancini ◽  
Flavia Baldacchini ◽  
Orietta Giuliani ◽  
Alessandra Ravaioli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Adenocarcinoma In Situ ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Tumour Stage

Objectives To report changes in incidence of cervical tumours by disease stage, following the introduction of an organized cytology-based screening programme. Methods An intention-to-screen study of a cytology-based screening programme targeting 1,219,000 women aged 25–64 in northern Italy was carried out. Based on the previously reported trend in total incidence of cervical cancer, the study period 1995–2014 was divided into 1995–1996 (pre-screening, or reference, years), 1997–1998 (screening implementation phase), 1999–2006 (transition phase, when incidence decreased), and 2007–2014 (steady-state phase, when incidence stabilized again). Tumour stage was categorized as preinvasive (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and adenocarcinoma in situ), early (pT1a), advanced (pT1b or greater, ypT), and unknown (pT1 not otherwise specified, pTx, missing information). Average annual incidence rates observed in each phase were compared with the expected (reference) rates, using the incidence rate ratio, calculated with a Poisson regression model. Results In the steady-state phase, incidence rate ratios were: CIN3, 1.55 (95% confidence interval, 1.41–1.70); early-stage squamous carcinoma, 0.49 (0.36–0.67); advanced-stage squamous carcinoma, 0.44 (0.33–0.57); unknown-stage squamous carcinoma, 0.69 (0.48–0.99); adenocarcinoma in situ, 1.44 (0.72–2.88); early-stage adenocarcinoma, 2.65 (0.82–8.53); advanced-stage adenocarcinoma, 1.03 (0.56–1.91); and unknown-stage adenocarcinoma, 0.46 (0.23–0.92). Conclusions After stabilization, changes in incidence by tumour stage included a 55% increase for CIN3 and a 50–55% decrease both for early- and advanced-stage squamous carcinoma, but no significant changes for glandular tumours. These data will serve to quantify the incremental impact of the implementation of human papillomavirus-based screening, introduced in 2015.

scholarly journals Arquitetura da parede vascular de segmentos torácico e abdominais da aorta de macaco prego (Cebus apella)

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Josiane Medeiros de Mello ◽  
Antonio Marcos Orsi ◽  
Robson José de Souza Domingues ◽  
Sônia Lucy Molinari ◽  
Angela Maria Marcone de Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Cebus Apella ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Tunica Intima

O segmento torácico da aorta em macaco prego apresentou na túnica íntima uma lâmina elástica interna evidente, estando também presente em todos os segmentos aórticos abdominais analisados nesta espécie. A túnica média aórtica, ao nível torácico, mostrou uma quantidade média de 23,12 lâminas elásticas, tendo disposição circular e oblíqua em relação à luz vascular, e a túnica adventícia apareceu formada por fibras colágenas, dispostas irregularmente entre uma quantidade relativamente menor de fibras elásticas e de fibras musculares lisas. A túnica média do segmento abdominal aórtico, neste primata, observada ao nível supra-renal, apresentou em média 19,12 lâminas elásticas que apareceram relativamente desorganizadas e fragmentadas. Ao nível aórtico infra-renal, foram evidenciadas, na túnica média 11,75 lâminas elásticas, em média, e próximo da emissão das artérias ilíacas comuns a túnica média aórtica tinha cerca de 8,37 lâminas elásticas, as quais estavam entremeadas por fibras musculares lisas e por fibras colágenas que aparentavam aumentar a sua concentração próximo à adventícia. A lâmina elástica externa só foi visível no segmento abdominal aórtico mais distal, ou seja, próximo da emissão das artérias ilíacas comuns.

Dark Soliton Formation for Light-Induced Waveguiding in Photorefractive inP:Fe

1997 ◽  
Vol 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chauvet ◽  
S. A. Hawkins ◽  
G. J. Salamo ◽  
M. Segev ◽  
D. F. Bliss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Dark Soliton ◽  
Screening Solitons ◽  
Present Experimental Evidence

AbstractWe present experimental evidence for the observation of steady-state dark photorefractive screening solitons trapped in bulk InP:Fe.

scholarly journals Calcificación vascular arterial detectada en radiografía panorámica digital

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
Fernando Russbelts Sthorayca Retamozo ◽  
Vilma Elizabeth Ruiz García de Chacón
Keyword(s):  
Tunica Media ◽  
Tunica Intima

Sr. Editor. La calcificación arterial puede ocurrir en la túnica íntima como en la túnica media de los vasos sanguíneos. La primera es parte de la aterosclerosis, que está determinada por la acumulación de placas calcificadas dentro de la luz del vaso sanguíneo. En cuanto a la calcificación de la túnica media o también conocida como arteriosclerosis de Monckeberg, es una enfermedad degenerativa y no inflamatoria que está caracterizada por la calcificación distrófica y el endurecimiento progresivo de las fibras musculares, por lo que el vaso pierde su elasticidad sin obstruir o estrechar su luz 1-3.

scholarly journals Tunica intima compensation for reduced stiffness of the tunica media in aging renal arteries as measured with scanning acoustic microscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsutoshi Miura
Keyword(s):  
Contractile Function ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Renal Arteries ◽  
Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Acoustic Microscopy ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Luminal Narrowing ◽  
Elastic Laminae ◽  
Tunica Intima

AbstractObjectivesAging causes stiffness and decreased function of the renal artery (RA). Histological study with light microscopy can reveal microscopic structural remodeling but no functional changes. The present study aimed to clarify the association between structural and functional aging of the RA through the use of scanning acoustic microscopy.MethodsFormalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cross-sections of renal arteries from 64 autopsy cases were examined. Speed-of-sound (SOS) values of three layers, which correspond to the stiffness, were compared among different age groups. SOS of the tunica media was examined in terms of blood pressure (BP) and SOS of the ascending aorta. Vulnerability to proteases was assessed by SOS reduction after collagenase treatment.ResultsThe tunica intima presented inward hypertrophy with luminal narrowing, and the tunica media showed outward hypertrophic remodeling with aging. SOS of the tunica media and internal and external elastic laminae showed a reverse correlation with age. SOS of the tunica media was negatively correlated with BP and strongly associated with that of the aorta. The tunica media of young RAs were more sensitive to collagenase compared with the old ones.ConclusionsScanning acoustic microscopy is useful for observing the aging process of the RA. This technique simultaneously shows structural and mechanical information from each portion of the RA. In the process of aging, the RA loses contractile function and elasticity as a result of protease digestion. The tunica media and the internal and external elastic laminae exhibit reduced stiffness, but the tunica intima stiffens with atherosclerosis. As a consequence, the RA’s outer shape changes from round to oval with inward and outward hypertrophy. This indicates that the inner resistant intima supports the mechanical weakness of the tunica media to compensate for an increase in BP with aging.

scholarly journals Bridging Coronary Physiology into Clinical Application of Acute Coronary Syndrome

Arkus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-197
Author(s):  
Hardi Darmawan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Coronary Physiology ◽  
Tunica Media ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Heparin Sulfate ◽  
Coronary Syndromes ◽  
Tunica Intima

Normal arteries have three layers of structure, tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. Intima tunica is the deepest layer of coronary arteries in which there are antithrombotic molecules such as heparin sulfate, thrombomodulin, and plasminogen activator. In addition, tunica intima also contains substances that regulate the contraction of tunica smooth muscle cell media, called nitric oxide (vasodilators) and prostacyclin (vasoconstrictors). Tunica intima and tunica media seem to be directly related to the atherosclerosis process. Meanwhile, the role of tunika adventisia is unknown. The accumulation of atherosclerotic lesions and hemodynamic stress factors and the degradation of extracellular matrix will cause susceptibility of atherosclerotic plaque fibrous capsules to rupture and form thrombus. Thrombus that occurs in the coronary condition causes acute coronary syndrome, characterized by typical symptoms such as chest pain depending on the thrombus formed. In studying acute coronary syndromes, of course it cannot be separated from understanding the physiology of coronary arteries and the process of atherosclerosis. Therefore, this article aims to briefly explain coronary physiology.

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