ENCAPSULATION AND RELEASE PROFILE OF PROTEIN CAGE FROM A POLYMERIC MATRIX

Nano LIFE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250001 ◽  
Author(s):  
YAN LI ◽  
RIKE OKTAVIANTI TOYIP ◽  
TAO PENG ◽  
SIERIN LIM
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Protein Release ◽  
Cage Structure ◽  
E2 Protein ◽  
Microparticle Size ◽  
Plga Microparticles

Protein cages have been widely investigated as molecular drug carrier. E2 protein from Bacillus stearothermophillus forms a dodecahedral cage structure of approximately 24 nm in diameter. To formulate a sustainable release profile, E2 protein was further encapsulated into poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microparticles to form a composite structure using water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion method. The influence of fabrication parameters on microparticle morphology and E2 protein release profile were investigated. The microparticle size increased when the stirring speed of the second emulsification decreased. Decrease in the volume of external aqueous phase led to the reduction of microparticle size without affecting its porosity. The higher ionic concentration of external aqueous phase in the presence of surfactant resulted in microparticles with closed pores on surface. Increase in polymer concentration also led to the formation of less porous microparticles. The E2 protein was not dissociated upon encapsulation into PLGA microparticles based on the unchanged particle size of E2 protein. E2 protein release was studied in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 37°C. The initial burst and release rate were lowered as the surfactant concentration in external water phase during the fabrication process was increased from 0.1% to 1% (w/v). After 14-day incubation, no observable polymer degradation was found while the surface of microparticles appeared to be smoother than before incubation.

OXIDIZED HYALURONIC ACID/ADIPIC ACID DIHYDRAZIDE HYDROGEL AS DRUG-CARRIER FOR CYTOPROTECTIVE MEDICATIONS — PRELIMINARY RESULTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 1950036
Author(s):  
Ming-Yen Hsiao ◽  
Ping Cheng Lin ◽  
An-Ci Lin ◽  
Ya-Wen Wu ◽  
Wen-Shiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Loading ◽  
Adipic Acid ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Cyclic Strain ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Type I ◽  
Genes Expression

The oxidised hyaluronic acid/adipic acid dihydrazide hydrogel (oxi-HA/ADH) is a biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogel that has been applied in tissue engineering in musculoskeletal medicine. The present study investigated the feasibility of using oxi-HA/ADH as a drug carrier to incorporate cytoprotective medications for possible tendinopathy treatment. The cytocompatibility of oxi-HA/ADH, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and piracetam were tested. Medications were incorporated in oxi-HA/ADH in the cross-linking process and the drug release profile was tested in vitro. Sprague-Dawley rats Achilles tendon-derived cells (TDCs) were isolated and cultured in a self-designed bioreactor exerting 8% cyclic strain at 0.5[Formula: see text]Hz for 8[Formula: see text]h. TDCs were treated with EGCG, piracetam, or no medication during mechanical loading. Gene expression of type I and type III collagen, Pparg, Sox9, and Runx2 (representing adipogenic, chondrogenic, and osteogenic lineages respectively) were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. EGCG and piracetam showed no cytotoxicity at therapeutic range. The cumulative release profile of the drug-loaded oxi-HA/ADH showed a two-phase release of medication, a burst of 50–60% during the first 24[Formula: see text]h, followed by a steady release over 1–7 days. The decreased type I collagen expression and increased non-tenocyte lineage genes expression of TDCs upon 8% cyclic strain is reversed in the EGCG and piracetam treated groups, compared with non-treated group. Oxi-HA/ADH serves as a potential drug carrier that shows sustained-release characteristics. Anti-oxidative and cytoprotective medications, EGCG and piracetam, were able to suppress the aberrant non-tenocyte lineage genes expression of the TDCs upon excessive mechanical loading.

scholarly journals Preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluation of algino-pectinate bioadhesive microspheres: An investigation of the effects of polymers using multiple comparison analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santanu Chakraborty ◽  
Madhusmruti Khandai ◽  
Anuradha Sharma ◽  
Nazia Khanam ◽  
Ch. Patra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Oral Delivery ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Prolonged Release ◽  
Comparison Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference

Preparation,in vitroandin vivoevaluation of algino-pectinate bioadhesive microspheres: An investigation of the effects of polymers using multiple comparison analysisIonotropic gelation was used to entrap aceclofenac into algino-pectinate bioadhesive microspheres as a potential drug carrier for the oral delivery of this anti-inflammatory drug. Microspheres were investigatedin vitrofor possible sustained drug release and their usein vivoas a gastroprotective system for aceclofenac. Polymer concentration and polymer/drug ratio were analyzed for their influence on microsphere properties. The microspheres exhibited good bioadhesive property and showed high drug entrapment efficiency. Drug release profiles exhibited faster release of aceclofenac from alginate microspheres whereas algino-pectinate microspheres showed prolonged release. Dunnet's multiple comparison analysis suggested a significant difference in percent inhibition of paw edema when the optimized formulation was compared to pure drug. It was concluded that the algino-pectinate bioadhesive formulations exhibit promising properties of a sustained release form for aceclofenac and that they provide distinct tissue protection in the stomach.

Biopolymer Encapsulation of CdTe Quantum Dot for In Vitro Controlled Drug Delivery Release of 6-Mercaptopurine

2012 ◽  
Vol 584 ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundarrajan Parani ◽  
Baddireddi Subhadra Lakshmi ◽  
Kanniyan Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Controlled Drug Delivery ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cdte Quantum Dot

Alginate biopolymer stabilized CdTe quantum dot (QD) was prepared and it was encapsulated with folic acid conjugated chitosan for controlled drug delivery of anticancer drug 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP). In addition to alginate, chitosan enhances the stability of QD. Also, in addition to chitosan, alginate binds to the drug leading to enhance the loading efficiency of the resulting drug carrier. The drug release profile of the carrier was investigated by in-vitro. The present study has shown that this drug carrier is feasible for drug delivery and will be important beneficiary for cancer therapy.

Modulating Protein Release Profiles by Incorporating Hyaluronic Acid into PLGA Microparticles Via a Spray Dryer Equipped with a 3-Fluid Nozzle

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 2940-2951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Wan ◽  
Morten Jonas Maltesen ◽  
Sune Klint Andersen ◽  
Simon Bjerregaard ◽  
Stefania G. Baldursdottir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Protein Release ◽  
Spray Dryer ◽  
Plga Microparticles ◽  
Release Profiles

scholarly journals Comparison of various chemical compounds for the removal of SO2 and NOx with wet scrubbing for marine diesel engines.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Chin ◽  
Ivan Tam ◽  
Chun-Yang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Wet Scrubbing ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Wet Scrubber ◽  
Oxidation Of No ◽  
Removal Of So2

Abstract Seawater, NaOH, NaClO, NaClO2, H2O2 and KMnO4 were used as scrubbing liquids to react with SOx and NOx separately in a customized wet scrubber. The absorption of SO2 in the aqueous phase was influenced by three factors: pH, ionic concentration and oxidation potential. For NOx removal, the effectiveness of various chemical compounds can be ranked from least to most effective as follows: Seawater, NaOH, H2O2 < NaClO < KMnO4 < NaClO2. This effectiveness was influenced by the chemical compound’s ability to oxidize NO to NO2, absorb the NO2 that was formed and retaining the nitrogen in the aqueous phase. High oxidation potential promoted the oxidation of NO to NO2 but hindered the absorption of NO2. NaClO2 was superior compared to NaClO in all three categories of oxidizing, absorption and retention. NaClO could not retain a significant amount of NO2 which it absorbed in the aqueous phase. The pH around 8 provided a good balance between oxidation versus absorption/retention and reactant utilization for the chlorine-based oxidants. KMnO4 had the lowest reactant consumption rate; only half a mole was consumed for every mole of NO removed, compared to around 2–3 moles of chlorite or 3–5 moles of hypochlorite.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Colchicine Sustained release tablet by using factorial designs

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5-S) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
M. Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Goparaju Suryanarayana Murthy ◽  
Annamdasu Lakshmi Poojitha ◽  
P. Sindhuri ◽  
A Sreekanth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
Drug Release Profile ◽  
In Vitro Drug Release ◽  
Similarity Factor ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Full Factorial

The study on the effect of polymer concentration on in vitro drug release profile revealed that there is a change in vitro drug release parameters (t50, t80, and MDT) with a change in polymer concentration. Fraction of HPMC K4M, HPMC K 100 M, and Ethyl Cellulose were required to be 15, 10, and 7 mg respectively for designing optimized batch F7. The release rate of Colchicine decreased proportionally with an increase in the concentration of ethyl Cellulose and HPMC K100 M. Also the high amount of HPMC K4M leads to the less initial release and sustain effect. A theoretical drug release profile was generated using pharmacokinetic parameters of Colchicine. The value of t50 and t80 of theoretical drug release profile was found to be 242 min and 529 min respectively. The similarity factor f2 was applied between the in vitro drug release profile of optimizing batches and theoretical profile, which indicate a decent similarity between all in vitro drug release profiles (f2 = 68.28 for F7). All the batches except F1shows the value of f2 value within a range. Batch F7 showed the highest f2 (f2 = 68.28) among all the batches and this similarity was also reflected in t50 (≈ 256 min) and t80 (≈ 554 min) values. A 23 full factorial design was applied to systemically optimize in vitro drug release profile. The HPMC K4M (X1), Concentration of HPMC K100 M (X2), and concentration of EC (X3) were selected as independent variables. The time required for 50% drug released (t50), the time required for 80% drug release (t80), similarity factor f2, and mean dissolution time (MDT) were selected as dependent variables. The results of full factorial design indicate that the HPMC K4M (X1), Concentration of HPMC K100 M (X2), and concentration of EC (X3) have a significant effect on in vitro drug release profile. To find out the release mechanism the in vitro release data were fitted in the Korsmeyer-Peppas equation. All Batches except F1 and F3 show Anomalous diffusion-controlled release (combined mechanism of diffusion and case II transport).  

scholarly journals FABRICATION OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYESTER MICROSPHERES BY ELECTROSPRAYING METHODS FOR DRUG CARRIER APPLICATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (5A) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Nguyen Vu Viet Linh
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
High Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Molecular Weight Polymer ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Morphology And Structure ◽  
Chain Entanglements

This research investigated the effects of polymer concentration, molecular weight polymer and type of polymer on the morphology of electrosprayed microparticles by Scanning Electron Microscopy. Electrospraying process has been studied to produce nano- and micro- particles for drug carrier application because of high loading capacity and high encapsulation efficiency. Controlling morphology and structure of electrosprayed particles can decide the release of drug from these particles. Particles were hollow and wrinkled semi-spheres as using low polymer concentration while wrinkled spheres as using higher polymer concentration. The electrosprayed particles obtained spherical morphology when the polymer concentration is high enough to generate significant chain entanglements. The results also indicated that high molecular weight polymer could produce spherical microspheres, even with low polymer concentration. The electrospraying process fabricated the microspheres from biodegradable PLA and PCL for drug carrier application. 

scholarly journals Comparison of various chemical compounds for the removal of SO2 and NOx with wet scrubbing for marine diesel engines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Chin ◽  
Ivan CK Tam ◽  
Chun-Yang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Phase ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Ionic Concentration ◽  
Oxidation Potential ◽  
Wet Scrubbing ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Wet Scrubber ◽  
Oxidation Of No ◽  
Removal Of So2

AbstractSeawater, NaOH, NaClO, NaClO2, H2O2, and KMnO4 were used as scrubbing liquids to react with SOx and NOx separately in a customized wet scrubber. The absorption of SO2 in the aqueous phase was influenced by three factors: pH, ionic concentration, and oxidation potential. For NOx removal, the effectiveness of various chemical compounds can be ranked from least to most effective as follows: seawater, NaOH, H2O2 < NaClO < KMnO4 < NaClO2. This effectiveness was influenced by the chemical compound’s ability to oxidize NO to NO2, absorb the NO2 that was formed, and retaining the nitrogen in the aqueous phase. High oxidation potential promoted the oxidation of NO to NO2 but hindered the absorption of NO2. NaClO2 was superior compared to NaClO in all three categories of oxidizing, absorption and retention. NaClO could not retain a significant amount of NO2 which it absorbed in the aqueous phase. The pH around 8 provided a good balance between oxidation versus absorption/retention and reactant utilization for the chlorine-based oxidants. KMnO4 had the lowest reactant consumption rate; only half a mole was consumed for every mole of NO removed, compared to around 2–3 mol of chlorite or 3–5 mol of hypochlorite.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATING BETANIN STABILITY, RELEASE PROFILE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ETHYL CELLULOSE MICROPARTICLE CONTAINING BEETROOT (BETA VULGARIS, LINN) EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
ANITA SUKMAWATI ◽  
SETYO NURWAINI ◽  
UMI BUDI RAHAYU ◽  
APRILIANA P. C. WIDAWAN ◽  
ANITA SAFITRI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Active Substance ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Physical Characteristics ◽  
Release Profile ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Active Substances

Objective: The objective of this research is to evaluate the ability of ethyl cellulose (EC) microparticle to protect the beetroot (Beta vulgaris, Linn) active substance. In addition, this research also investigates the effect of polymer concentration during microparticle preparation toward physical characteristics of microparticle, release profile of betanin as well as antioxidant activity of microparticle. Methods: The microparticle was produced using the emulsification method using various concentrations of EC in the organic phase and beetroot extract as the active substances. The physical characterization was carried out including the imaging of microparticle using scanning electron microscope (SEM), zeta potential and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The stability test for an active substance in microparticle was carried out at temperature 40 °C for 28 d. The release profile was evaluated using the dissolution method and the antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH).Results: The result showed that the EC concentration strongly influenced the physical characteristics and EE of beetroot extract in microparticle. The microparticles also had good protection for betanin during storage. The release of active substance from microparticle following Higuchi kinetic. The highest antioxidant activity was found in the microparticle using EC 20%. Conclusion: The EC microparticle is the potential to protect the degradation of antioxidant substance from natural product. However, the physical properties, EE, the ability to prevent degradation of active substance, release rate and antioxidant activity, are strongly influenced by the EC polymer concentration during microparticle preparation.

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