THE RESPONSE OF WHEAT PRODUCTIVITY TO CLIMATE PATTERNS: EVIDENCE FROM PAKISTANI DISTRICTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150009
Author(s):  
FAHEEM UR REHMAN ◽  
KAZI SOHAG
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Serial Correlation ◽  
Spatial Dependency ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Specific Time ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Climate Patterns ◽  
The Impact

The study examines the impact of climate variables on wheat production in 10 major wheat-producing districts of Pakistan. In doing so, we apply the Driscoll–Kraay approach to estimate the panel data from 1981 to 2019. Our empirical analysis reveals that climate variables, including temperature, rainfall and humidity, follow a common correlation across districts. We find that wheat productivity and temperature, as well as rainfall, follow an inverted U-shaped relation. The response of the wheat productivity is quadratic rather than linear towards average temperature and rainfall during the specific time of cultivation, including planting, flowering and harvesting. Besides, fertilizer use promotes and humidity impedes wheat productivity. Our findings are robust considering heterogeneity, serial correlation and spatial dependency.

scholarly journals Evapotranspiration of Indonesia Tropical Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-116
Author(s):  
Dyah Marganingrum ◽  
Heru Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Heterogeneous Landscape ◽  
Tropical Area ◽  
Climate Patterns ◽  
Region Data ◽  
The Impact

Indonesia is an archipelago country with a tropical climate. The region of Indonesia is quite large and located between two continents (Asia and Australia) and between two oceans (Indian and Pacific), making the territory of Indonesia has a unique climate pattern. One of the climate variables that quite important to be studied in this chapter is evapotranspiration. The Thornthwaite method was used to estimate potential evapotranspiration based on average air temperature. The relationships between evapotranspiration, precipitation, and elevation were then examined. Besides, temperature variations that affect climate patterns between monsoonal and equatorial regions were compared, between the mainland and small islands, and between mountain and coastal area. The impact of global warming was also examined on the climate and potential evapotranspiration of the Indonesian region. Data analysis showed that evapotranspiration correlates weakly with precipitation, and the contrary, the evapotranspiration correlates strongly with elevation, with correlation indices of 0.02 and 0.89, respectively. The study confirmed that air temperature is the primary controlling variable of the evapotranspiration in this very heterogeneous landscape. Under a global temperature increase of 1.5 °C above the pre-industrialized year (1765), the evapotranspiration is expected to increase in a range from 4.8 to 11.1%. In general, the excess of water to restore soil moisture in the future tends to decrease, i.e., drier.

scholarly journals An empirical analysis of the influence of financialization on investment in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-249
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Tretyakov ◽  
Ivan V. Rozmainsky
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Crowding Out ◽  
External Financing ◽  
Fixed Assets ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
Internal Funds ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Physical Investment

This paper tries to estimate the impact of financialization on fixed investment in Russia. The work is carried out by using panel data based on reports of non-financial publicly listed companies for 1999–2019. The study finds that financial expenses aimed at paying interest on external financing and paying dividends — that is, focusing on shareholder value, and hence decreasing the internal funds of companies, reduce real investments. Financial incomes have shown the crowding-out effect for large companies. Financial incomes as additional “free” funds in large companies are not perceived as an opportunity to accumulate fixed assets. Managers prefer to increase ­financial investments instead of real ones. In small and medium-sized companies, financial incomes, however, drive the growth of physical investment. This is because small firms, at a particular stage in their lives, find it more profitable to invest in their own growth. The results from the general sample, without dividing by size, indicate that financialization in Russia clearly reduces real investment.

An Empirical Analysis of the Impact of Environmental Regulation on China's Manufacturing Industry Innovation Capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1989-1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Lin Wu ◽  
Xue Qian Li ◽  
Mei Ling Liu
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Industrial Innovation ◽  
Innovation Capacity ◽  
Chinese Manufacturing Industry ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, Chinese manufacturing industry is studied. We use the 2003-2010 panel data to analysis the impact of environmental regulation on the industrial innovation. In three cases of no time lag, one year later and two year later, all empirical results show that: the environmental regulation does not promote our country manufacturing industry to promote industrial innovation capacity.

scholarly journals Nitrate Vulnerable Zones Revision in Poland—Assessment of Environmental Impact and Land Use Conflicts

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Szalińska ◽  
Paulina Orlińska-Woźniak ◽  
Paweł Wilk
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Substantial Effect ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Litigation Process ◽  
Land Use Conflicts ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vulnerable Zones ◽  
Modelling Approach

Despite concerted efforts through the European territory, the problems of nitrogen pollution released from agricultural sources have not been resolved yet. Therefore, infringement cases are still open against a few Member States, including Poland, based on fulfilment problems of commitments regarding the Nitrate Directive. As a result of the litigation process, Poland has completely changed its approach to nitrate vulnerable zones. Instead of just selected areas, the measured actions will be implemented throughout the whole Polish territory. Additionally, further restrictions concerning the fertilizer use calendar will be introduced in areas indicated as extremely cold or hot, based on the average temperature distribution (poles of cold, and heat). Such a change will be of key importance to farmers, whose protests are already audible throughout the country, and can be expected to intensify. To assess the impact of the introduced modifications a modelling approach has been adopted. The use of the Macromodel DNS/SWAT allowed for the development of baseline and variant scenarios incorporating details of stipulated changes in the fertilizer use for a pilot catchment (Słupia River). The results clearly indicate that the new restriction will have a substantial effect on the aquatic environment by altering the amount of released total nitrogen.

scholarly journals How Climate Variables Influence the Spread of SARS-CoV-19 in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9192
Author(s):  
André de Souza Melo ◽  
Ana Iza Gomes da Penha Sobral ◽  
Marcelo Luiz Monteiro Marinho ◽  
Gisleia Benini Duarte ◽  
Thiago Henrique Ferreira Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Infection Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Temperature Variations ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
The Impact

During the 2020 Coronavirus pandemic, several scientific types of research investigated the causes of high transmissibility and deaths caused by SARS-CoV-2. Among the spreading factors of the disease, it is known that there is an association between temperature and infected people. However, the studies that identified this phenomenon explored an association relationship, which is weaker and does not allow the identification of which variable would be the cause. This study aimed to analyze the impact of temperature variations and other climatic variables on the infection rate of COVID-19. Data were extracted from weather stations in the United States, which were segregated by county and day. Daily COVID-19 infections and deaths per county were also collected. Two models were used: the first model to analyze the temperature and the number of infected cases and the second model to evaluate the variables of temperature, precipitation, and snow in relation to COVID-19 infection. Model 1 shows that an increase in temperature at time zero caused a decrease in the number of infected cases. Meanwhile, a decrease in temperature after the temperature shock was associated with an increase in the number of cases, which tended to zero overall. A 1% increase in temperature caused a 0.002% decrease in the number of cases. The results suggested a causal relationship between the average temperature and number of CODIV-19 cases. Model 2, which includes temperature, precipitation, and snow shows that an increase in temperature resulted in a 0.00154% decrease response. There was no significant effect of increased precipitation and snow on the infection rate with COVID-19.

An Empirical Study about the Effect of Industrial Agglomeration on Export - Based on Manufacturing Panel Data in Jiangsu Province

2014 ◽  
Vol 1014 ◽  
pp. 533-538
Author(s):  
Qi Zhen Wang ◽  
Ying Ming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Jiangsu Province ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Industrial Agglomeration ◽  
The Impact

This article made empirical analysis of industrial agglomeration and export based on the manufacturing panel data during 2002-2011 in Jiangsu Province. The results indicate industrial agglomeration has a negative impact on export in the 29 industries. We should distinguish between the impact of industrial agglomeration and industry dispersed on export, and study different effect on export among concentration trends of manufacturing industries. On this basis, we propose some targeted recommendations.

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of Interest Rate Liberalization on Commercial Banks’ Profitability in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Lina Wang ◽  
Hengyuan Zhao ◽  
Ruoxi Li
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Interest Rate Liberalization ◽  
Large State ◽  
The Impact

In order to explore the influence of interest rate liberalization on profitability, an empirical analysis is carried out with the panel data of commercial banks in China from 2009 to 2019. Then, the heterogeneity of the impact is studied among different banks. The results show that, first, interest rate liberalization and commercial banks’ profitability have an inverted U-shaped relationship, whereby interest rate liberalization would increase the profitability of banks in the early stage but would reduce the profitability after reaching a peak inflection point at the later stage. Secondly, the impact varies among different banks, being more significant in urban commercial banks and large state-owned banks.

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