scholarly journals A MULTI-BASELINE 12 GHz ATMOSPHERIC PHASE INTERFEROMETER WITH ONE MICRON PATH LENGTH SENSITIVITY

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250002 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT S. KIMBERK ◽  
TODD R. HUNTER ◽  
PATRICK S. LEIKER ◽  
RAYMOND BLUNDELL ◽  
GEORGE U. NYSTROM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Length ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Satellite Dish ◽  
Analog Correlator ◽  
Target Satellite

We have constructed a five station 12 GHz atmospheric phase interferometer (API) for the Submillimeter Array (SMA) located near the summit of Mauna Kea, Hawaii. Operating at the base of unoccupied SMA antenna pads, each station employs a commercial low noise mixing block coupled to a 0.7 m off-axis satellite dish which receives a broadband, white noise-like signal from a geostationary satellite. The signals are processed by an analog correlator to produce the phase delays between all pairs of stations with projected baselines ranging from 33–261 m. Each baseline's amplitude and phase is measured continuously at a rate of 8 kHz, processed, averaged and output at 10 Hz. Further signal processing and data reduction is accomplished with a Linux computer, including the removal of the diurnal motion of the target satellite. The placement of the stations below ground level with an environmental shield combined with the use of low temperature coefficient, buried fiber optic cables provides excellent system stability. The sensitivity in terms of rms path length is 1.3 microns which corresponds to phase deviations of about 1° of phase at the highest operating frequency of the SMA. The two primary data products are: (1) standard deviations of observed phase over various time scales, and (2) phase structure functions. These real-time statistical data measured by the API in the direction of the satellite provide an estimate of the phase front distortion experienced by the concurrent SMA astronomical observations. The API data also play an important role, along with the local opacity measurements and weather predictions, in helping to plan the scheduling of science observations on the telescope.

scholarly journals A Hotspot of Arid Zone Subterranean Biodiversity: The Robe Valley in Western Australia

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 482
Author(s):  
Huon L. Clark ◽  
Bruno A. Buzatto ◽  
Stuart A. Halse
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Arid Zone ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Ore Formation ◽  
Monitoring Wells ◽  
Groundwater Aquifers ◽  
Species Lists ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Drill Holes ◽  
Mining Exploration

Knowledge of subterranean fauna has mostly been derived from caves and streambeds, which are relatively easily accessed. In contrast, subterranean fauna inhabiting regional groundwater aquifers or the vadose zone (between surface soil layers and the watertable) is difficult to sample. Here we provide species lists for a globally significant subterranean fauna hotspot in the Robe Valley of the Pilbara region, Western Australia. This fauna was collected from up to 50 m below ground level using mining exploration drill holes and monitoring wells. Altogether, 123 subterranean species were collected over a distance of 17 km, comprising 65 troglofauna and 58 stygofauna species. Of these, 61 species were troglobionts and 48 stygobionts. The troglofauna occurs in small voids and fissures in mesas comprised mostly of an iron ore formation, while the stygofauna occurs in the alluvium of a river floodplain. The richness of the Robe Valley is not a localized aberration, but rather reflects the richness of the arid Pilbara region. While legislation in Western Australia has recognized the importance of subterranean fauna, mining is occurring in the Robe Valley hotspot with conditions of environmental approval that are designed to ensure species persistence.

scholarly journals Refinement of Alternate Wetting and Drying Irrigation Method for Rice Cultivation

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Lal Chandra Paul ◽  
MA Rashid ◽  
Mousumi Paul
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Wetting And Drying ◽  
Alternate Wetting And Drying ◽  
Below Ground

Experiments were conducted at BRRI farm Gazipur during Boro season 2010-12 to determine maximum depth of water level below ground surface in alternate wetting and drying (AWD) method. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with four irrigation treatments. The treatments of AWD method were: T1 = continuous standing water, T2 = irrigation when water level reached 15 cm below ground level, T3 = irrigation when water level reached 20 cm below ground level and T4 = irrigation when water level reached 50 cm below ground level. The experiment involved BRRI dhan28 as a test crop. The treatment T2 gave the highest grain yield (5.9 and 6.2 ton/ha) in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Maximum benefits per hectare were found Tk. 5476 and 4931 for using 807 and 880 mm water during 2010-11 and 2011-12 respectively and thus water productivity was 7.1 kg/ha-mm in T2 for both the seasons. Continuous standing (T1) water (1013 and 1100 mm) gave comparable grain yield 5.7 and 6.0 ton/ha in 2010-11 and 2011-12, respectively. Minimum water productivity was found in treatment T1 (5.6 and 5.4 kg/ha-mm) for both the seasons. Application of irrigation when water was 15 cm below soil surface was found most profitable in AWD system and the grain yield was decreased when water level was below 15 cm depth. Therefore, the recommended AWD technology could increase rice yield and save irrigation water by 25-30 percent.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/brj.v17i1-2.20899Bangladesh Rice j. 2013, 17(1&2): 33-37

scholarly journals Sensitivity-Enhanced Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Using a Supercontinuum Laser Source

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Zorin ◽  
Jakob Kilgus ◽  
Kristina Duswald ◽  
Bernhard Lendl ◽  
Bettina Heise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Path Length ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
Thermal Emitters ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Supercontinuum Laser

Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometers have been the dominant technology in the field of mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy for decades. Supercontinuum laser sources operating in the mid-IR spectral region now offer the potential to enrich the field of FT-IR spectroscopy due to their distinctive properties, such as high-brightness, broadband spectral coverage and enhanced stability. In our contribution, we introduce this advanced light source as a replacement for conventional thermal emitters. Furthermore, an approach to efficient coupling of pulsed mid-IR supercontinuum sources to FT-IR spectrometers is proposed and considered in detail. The experimental part is devoted to pulse-to-pulse energy fluctuations of the applied supercontinuum laser, performance of the system, as well as the noise and long-term stability. Comparative measurements performed with a conventional FT-IR instrument equipped with a thermal emitter illustrate that similar noise levels can be achieved with the supercontinuum-based system. The analytical performance of the supercontinuum-based FT-IR spectrometer was tested for a concentration series of aqueous formaldehyde solutions in a liquid flow cell (500 µm path length) and compared with the conventional FT-IR (130 µm path length). The results show a four-times-enhanced detection limit due to the extended path length enabled by the high brightness of the laser. In conclusion, FT-IR spectrometers equipped with novel broadband mid-IR supercontinuum lasers could outperform traditional systems providing superior performance, e.g., interaction path lengths formerly unattainable, while maintaining low noise levels known from highly stable thermal emitters.

Issues and challenges in implementing the Skill India movement

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
Debpriya De
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Round Table Discussion ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Trained Manpower ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues and challenges that become a hurdle towards implementation of the “Skill India Movement” at the ground level. It is critical to identify the challenges that are faced or experienced by training partners with the National Skill Development Corporation (NSDC), skills councils and other bodies if an effort to resolve the same is to be made.Design/methodology/approachA round-table discussion was organised to seek feedback from all the stakeholders who are directly or indirectly involved in strategising, decision-making and implementing the government’s skills initiative. The primary data were collected through discussions and questionnaires, and the official sites of NSDC andPradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojna, along with ministry reports, were referred to as well.FindingsThe research is likely to identify gaps in administration of the initiative at various levels and will hopefully provide guidance on removing bottlenecks to achieve effective implementation. It is imperative that the challenges be understood and solutions found, with focus on a long-term sustainable approach, rather than short-term gains for political propaganda purposes alone.Practical implicationsThis paper will try to bring value to the stakeholders by exploring the various measures that can be taken to take this mission in a more meaningful direction and work towards giving more employability to the youth and supporting the respective industry segments with much needed trained manpower.Originality/valueThis study discusses the issues and challenges that are impeding effective implementation of the Skill India initiative at the local level and identifies the gaps in administration. Also, it outlines how bottlenecks could be addressed to ensure that the mission is back on track and that the employability of youth is enhanced.

CHALLENGES FOR IMPROVING MARKETING ON LATVIAN FARMS

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ieva Brence ◽  
Linda Upeniece
Keyword(s):  
Information Transfer ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Marketing Activities ◽  
Transfer Channels

Marketing plays an important role in realizing goods and services, yet consumers’ opinions and suggestions for improving cooperation are not usually searched on agricultural farms. The problem is also observed on the farm Birzes, located in Kurzeme region and dealing with the production of agricultural products and the provision of services. Despite the fact it is one of the leading farms by the area of ​​cultivated land and turnover in the district, until now Birzes has not had a detailed study of marketing opportunities for production and sales promoting for recognizing the farm. Taking into account the afore-mentioned, the aim of the research is to investigate the specifics of marketing activities of farms and evaluate the current situation on the farm Birzes. Analysis of literature, statistical data and internal documents are combined with the primary data gathering method – interviews with suppliers of clients of Birzes and content analysis. The research results show that personal contacts pay a very important role in rural farms’ marketing, at the same time customers propose to start using different information transfer channels, especially the communication possibilities offered by the Internet.   

scholarly journals Relationship between bud number in seed branches and yield aspects of sweet potato

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Amanda C Perrud ◽  
Lorrayne G Bavaresco ◽  
André R Zeist ◽  
Murilo HS Leal ◽  
André D Silva Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Consumer Market ◽  
Market Values ◽  
Tuberous Roots ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Below Ground

ABSTRACT Planting sweet potato branches with the appropriate bud number and disposition, below and above ground, can favor vegetative growth and yield that better fit the marketable standards. This study aimed to explore the influence of the number of buds and their distribution ratio, above and below ground level, on the agronomic and marketable components of sweet potato tuberous roots. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial scheme (3 x 5), with 2, 4, and 8 above-ground buds combined with 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 below-ground buds. Branches from the UZBD 06 accession (Canadense standard) were used. Vegetative, productive, and marketable traits of roots were evaluated. The use of branches with a greater number of buds above and below ground increased shoot dry biomass. Planting seed branches with 8 buds above and 8 buds below ground provided a greater number and production of marketable roots. The use of 10 buried buds increased root number and yield in the 150-450 g marketable classes, which the consumer market values the most.

scholarly journals Design of the Low Noise Amplifier Circuit in Band L for Improve the Gain and Circuit Stability

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Omidi ◽  
Rohalah Karami ◽  
Parisa Sadat Emadi ◽  
Hamed Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Noise Figure ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Low Noise Amplifier ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Cmos Transistor ◽  
Cmos Lna ◽  
Noise Amplifier ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Intercept Point

In this paper, focuses on the design of Low Noise Amplifier circuitry in the frequency band L. This circuit is designed using the 0.18 nm CMOS transistor technology, which consists of two transistor Stage. The purpose of this research is to improve the cost of: Increase Gain - Increase circuit linearization - Create an integrative matching network for system stability. The application of this circuit can be used in wireless and GPS systems. The CMOS LNA exhibits a gain greater than 23 dB from 1.1 to 2.0 GHz, and a noise figure of 2.7 to 3.3 dB from 1.2 to 2.4 GHz. At 1.575 GHz, the 1-dB compression point (P1dB) is 1.73 dBm, with an input third-order intercept point (IIP3) of -3.98 dBm. This circuit is designed using ADS software.

scholarly journals Analysis of Capture Fisheries Development Trends in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
. Perdiansyah ◽  
Asep Agus Handaka Suryana ◽  
Achmad Rizal ◽  
Atikah Nurhayati
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Expert Opinion ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Key Driver ◽  
Key Indicators

Indonesia's fishing capture industry has very great potential in order to become the national economy's key driver. Change in population, pricing, technology, and productivity are the key indicators of trend. The objective of this study is to assess the evolution of Indonesian fisheries. This study was carried out at the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries from August 2020 to July 2021. According to this study, 34 provinces in Indonesia were surveyed using a literature review method. Primary data in the form of expert opinion (expert judgment) consisting of 10 capable respondents. Secondary data was adopted from statistical data of the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Center from 2005-2018. Data analysis was performed by using descriptive quantitative analysis techniques. The development of capture fisheries competitiveness in Indonesia has experienced fluctuating changes and tends to increase during 2006 to 2018.

scholarly journals An Examination of Green HR Practices and its Impact on Environmental Sustainability

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3S3) ◽  
pp. 100-105
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Level Of Automation ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Effort ◽  
Green Human Resource Management

After the starting of industrialization in case of manufacturing, the concerned management and even the researchers are looking forward to incorporate some amount of automation so that the human effort can be minimized and the saved energy can be used for innovation and other important tasks. In the present scenario, all over the world the level of automation is highest in all the manufacturing units and it has distorted the very balance of our ecosystem and environment. As and when the respective agencies were able to see and feel it, the damage was done. From the last three decades many of the agencies, which are the well-wishers of both the parties i.e. the manufacturers and the environment protectors. The process started from protecting the emission of harmful gases in the environment and then at the second level strategies were formulated to change the system at the ground level where such events may not occur. Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) Practices is again another such initiative, this may not show a major turnaround but then again the collective efforts will be appreciated in the future. This present paper is focused on the implementation of GHRM practices in the manufacturing units. Some amount of secondary data is being evaluated and analysis is based on primary data. Primary data is taken from the respondents working in HR departments of the sampled companies. SPSS Ver. 20.0 is considered for the analysis of data.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document