Tipping Toward Transformation: Progress, Patterns and Potential for Climate Change Adaptation in the Global South

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 1750003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Burch ◽  
Carrie Mitchell ◽  
Marta Berbes-Blazquez ◽  
Johanna Wandel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Global South ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Major Donors ◽  
Development Objectives ◽  
Fundamental Shift ◽  
Adaptation Options

In response to observed and projected climate change impacts, major donors are funding an abundance of climate change research in the global South. The product of these funding schemes is often an abundance of cases with little attention paid to capturing the broader trends and patterns across cases. Furthermore, calls are increasingly being made for both adaptation and mitigation policies that are transformative: strategies that tackle the roots of vulnerability and high carbon development pathways to create a more fundamental shift towards sustainability. In this paper, we assess 54 cases of donor-funded adaptation research in the global South to paint a detailed picture of the types of adaptation options being proposed and implemented, their scope and the intended beneficiaries. We consider these data through the lens of transformation: to what extent do these cases illustrate adaptation actions that might push the social-ecological system over a tipping point towards a more desirable, sustainable state? Ultimately, we find that the adaptation options in these cases focus on educational or behavioral campaigns rather than deeper governance, legislative, or economic shifts. Similarly, the scale of action most often targets communities, rather than ecosystems, watershed, or regional/national scales. Even so, the emergence of resilience thinking in some projects, and the potential for a values shift triggered by these projects may sow the seeds of a longer-term transformation, if more attention is paid to synergies between development objectives and climate change actions.

scholarly journals Values and motivations in tourist perceptions of last-chance tourism

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Hindley ◽  
Xavier Font
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Photo Elicitation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Construction Technique ◽  
Projective Techniques ◽  
Personal Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

Tourists' perceptions of climate change affect decisions and choices to visit destinations, which are disappearing because of climate change impacts. Values and motivations are two of the personal variables underpinning tourists' decisions. The study addresses both the limited values research in tourism and reveals unconscious motives by using projective techniques. Projective techniques avoid some of the social desirability bias present in much ethical research. Choice ordering technique and the list of values assist by assigning importance, with narrative responses providing meaning. The construction technique builds a story from a stimulus, with photo-elicitation using participants' personal holiday photographs. A sample of pre, during and post visit tourists to the Arctic and Venice were interviewed. Results, which provide a more nuanced understanding of how the personal variables of values and motivations are underpinned by self-interest, inform policies and the messages designed to influence pro-sustainability behaviour.

scholarly journals Climate change impacts and adaptation options for the Greek agriculture in 2021–2050: A monetary assessment

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 164-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Georgopoulou ◽  
S. Mirasgedis ◽  
Y. Sarafidis ◽  
M. Vitaliotou ◽  
D.P. Lalas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Adaptation Options

scholarly journals Gender Differentials in Perceiving Climate Change Impacts in the Kaligandaki Basin, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-203
Author(s):  
Rishikesh Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Geographic Scale ◽  
Gender Differentials ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Perception

The global climate system is changing faster than earlier projections with variable rates across the geographic scale. The impacts are also perceived heterogeneously across the places and communities. This study explores gender differentials in impact-perception in the Kaligandaki river valley in central Nepal. Research used primary data collected from 360 households, 75 Key Informants and 24 Focus Groups Discussion as well as through construction of nine Historical Timeline Calendars from three clusters – Meghauli (lower basin), Lumle (middlepart) and Upper-Mustang (upper-basin). The impact perception was assessed under seven social-ecological variables in the unipolar Likert Scale. The impact perception does not significantly differ across the gender of respondents while testing the means of perception scores and probably it is due to the impacts that have been experienced at profound level. The test of independence of gender to level of impacts indicates no significant association. This research also tried to check if other social-economic variables such as age of respondents and landholding size of household as well as self-reported economic status of households were significantly associated with some of the impacts. However, the number of cells with expected counts less than 5 in chi-square test turned to be more than 20 percent so they were considered to be invalid. Nevertheless, impact perception is significantly associated with the places of residence or study clusters, which indicates that local social-ecological system matters in climate change impacts. The qualitative information however, suggests otherwise that women feel higher level of risk and impacts, and is related to their concern over the welfare of family members and livelihood resources. Since risk perception is found to be related to spatial characteristics, this research recommends for development and implementation of targeted and localized adaptation policies. None the less, those policies must also recognize the women’s concerns on climate change impacts.

scholarly journals Assessment of Livelihood Vulnerability of Fisherfolks in Coastal and Freshwater Fishing Communities of Ilaje in Ondo State

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Siyanbola A. Omitoyin ◽  
Adeniyi P. Ogungbure ◽  
Kemisola D. Osakuade
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Vulnerability Index ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ondo State ◽  
Food Vulnerability ◽  
Vulnerability Score

The study assessed the livelihood vulnerability of fisherfolks in both coastal and freshwater fishing communities of Ilaje Local Government area of Ondo state, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were used to collect information from 200 fisherfolks from both communities. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, Livelihood Vulnerability Index data were aggregated using a composite index and differential vulnerabilities were compared. The results showed that majority of the fisherfolks from freshwater and coastal communities were below 46 years old, respondents from the freshwater communities were 95% male, 5% females while all (100%) respondents in the coastal communities were male with majority assenting to fishing as their primary occupation. The freshwater communities showed greater vulnerability on the socio-demographic profile (SDP) index than coastal communities (SDP freshwater 0.49;SDPcoastal communities 0.34). Freshwater also showed greater vulnerability on the livelihood strategies component (0.45) than coastal communities (0.40). The social networks indicators were the same for the two communities. The overall health vulnerability score for freshwater communities (0.46) was higher than that for coastal communities (0.44).  Also, the overall food vulnerability score for freshwater households (0.23) was greater than that of coastal community households (0.22). Freshwater households had a lower vulnerability score (0.03) for the water component than coastal communities (0.17). Based on the incidents of flooding, droughts, storms and erosion, households in the coastal communities (0.50) were more vulnerable to natural disasters than those in the freshwater communities (0.41). Overall, coastal communities had a higher Livelihood Vulnerability Index (LVI) than freshwater (0.357 versus 0.356).This logical approach may be used to monitor vulnerability, programs and resources to assist fisherfolks. Also, there should be enlightenment on how to mitigate the factors enhancing climate change while good infrastructure and aids be given to those who suffer losses due to climate change impacts.

scholarly journals Perception and adaptation of agroforestry farmers in Upper Citarum Watershed to climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 917 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Sumaryanto ◽  
F Nurfatriani ◽  
S Astana ◽  
Erwidodo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Social Forestry ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cross Tabulation ◽  
Negative Impacts

Abstract Agroforestry is a form of an agricultural system that is adaptive to climate change. Based on the institutional form, the farming system developed under the social forestry program is agroforestry. This form of agroforestry is the essential capital for farmers to establish in their cultivated lands further. This study aim to determine agroforestry farmers’ perceptions in the Upper Citarum Watershed on climate change and the adaptation activities. The sample farmers are a sub-set of farmer households sample in the socio-economic survey conducted by ICASEPS – ACIAR in the collaborative research in 2019. The reliability of the data on variables that reflect farmers’ perceptions of adverse shocks experienced, which directly or indirectly related to climate changes, is tested with Cronbach’s Alpha. Data analysis is performed by cross-tabulation, while multiple regressions are used to determine the effect of social forestry cultivated areas on farmers’ income. The results show that more than 55 percent of farmers participating in social forestry say that since the last ten years climate patterns are increasingly unpredictable. The most negative impacts of climate change impacts are indirect effects which are pests and diseases. Popular adaptation are reactive ones, namely increasing the use of pesticides and more intensive use of inorganic fertilizers. Farmers adaptation which are more synergistic with mitigation such as organic farming or cultivation of perennial crops are still relatively low. The increase in the arable land area due to social forestry has significantly increased farmer’s household income. Referring to this phenomenon, conducive policies to increase farmer participation in these adaptation actions are needed.

scholarly journals More Inclusive, More Practical: Climate Change Communication Research to Serve the Future

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Eise ◽  
Natalie Lambert ◽  
Tiwaladeoluwa Adekunle ◽  
Laura Eise
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Climate Change Communication ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Current Climate

Climate change impacts are being felt around the world, threatening human well-being and global food security. Social scientists in communication and other fields, in tandem with physical scientists, are critical for implementing mitigation and adaptation strategies effectively and equitably. In the face of rapidly evolving circumstances, it is time to take stock of our current climate change communication research and look toward where we need to go. Based on our systematic review of mid- to current climate change research trends in communication as well as climate change response recommendations by the American Meteorological Society, we suggest future directions for research. We urgently recommend communication research that (1) addresses immediate mitigation and adaptation concerns in local communities and (2) is more geographically diverse, particularly focusing on the African continent, the Caribbean, Latin America, the Middle East and certain parts of Asia.

scholarly journals Rooting carbon dioxide removal research in the social sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Dowell ◽  
Jeff Niederdeppe ◽  
Jamie Vanucchi ◽  
Timur Dogan ◽  
Kieran Donaghy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Removal ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
The Social

Reports from a variety of bodies have highlighted the role that carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technologies and practices must play in order to try to avoid the worst effects of anthropogenic climate change. Research into the feasibility of these technologies is primarily undertaken by scholars in the natural sciences, yet, as we argue in this commentary, there is great value in collaboration between these scholars and their colleagues in the social sciences. Spurred by this belief, in 2019, a university and a non-profit organization organized and hosted a workshop in Washington, DC, intended to bring natural and physical scientists, technology developers, policy professionals and social scientists together to explore how to better integrate social science knowledge into the field of CDR research. The workshop sought to build interdisciplinary collaborations across CDR topics, draft new social science research questions and integrate and exchange disciplinary-specific terminology. But a snowstorm kept many social scientists who had organized the conference from making the trip in person. The workshop went on without them and organizers did the best they could to include the team remotely, but in the age before daily video calls, remote participation was not as successful as organizers had hoped. And thus, a workshop that was supposed to focus on social science integration moved on, without many of the social scientists who organized the event. The social scientists in the room were supposed to form the dominant voice but with so many stuck in a snow storm, the balance of expertise shifted, as it often does when social scientists collaborate with natural and physical scientists. The outcomes of that workshop, lessons learned and opportunities missed, form the basis of this commentary, and they collectively indicate the barriers to integrating the natural, physical and social sciences on CDR. As the need for rapid, effective and successful CDR has only increased since that time, we argue that CDR researchers from across the spectrum must come together in ways that simultaneously address the technical, social, political, economic and cultural elements of CDR development, commercialization, adoption and diffusion if the academy is to have a material impact on climate change in the increasingly limited window we have to address it.

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