A Dynamic Regional Model of Irrigated Perennial Crop Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 1650036
Author(s):  
Bradley Franklin ◽  
Keith C. Knapp ◽  
Kurt A. Schwabe
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Input Use ◽  
Vintage Capital ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
Economic Analyses

Economic analyses of regional irrigated agricultural production typically make little distinction between perennial and annual crops despite the distinctive characteristics of perennials. Such factors include high planting costs, lags in production, long lifespan, and potentially long-lasting impacts of input use and weather shocks. This study establishes a fully dynamic model of irrigated perennial crop production in a regional context where annuals are also grown. Perennial crop area is modeled as a vintage capital stock with age-dependent yields. The model is applied to the Riverland region of South Australia to examine the possible effects of both temporary and permanent changes in water supplies and the establishment of water prices, which is then used to estimate agricultural water demand. The model demonstrates that annuals are fallowed during drought so that perennial crops may be preserved and how, due to the fixed costs of re-planting perennials, annual crops are used to smooth profits while recovering from a severe shock. In all scenarios, a very slow rate of convergence to the steady state is found, highlighting the need for models that capture the transitional dynamics of agricultural land use in areas with significant perennial production.

scholarly journals SIMULATION OF ORGANIC FARMING DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiste Galnaitytė ◽  
Irena Kriščiukaitienė
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Programming ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Alternative Possibilities ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
The Impact

A new United Nations sustainable development Agenda underlines the relevance of Organic farming development. In the same line the Government of the Republic of Lithuania seeks to create economically efficient and competitive agriculture, based on low environmental impact farming, to develop organic farming and high quality certified agricultural and food production, conserve natural resources. Transition to the sustainable agricultural development faces the main difficulty, which is formulated as a scientific problem: how to reconcile the economic and political interests? This research is carried out by the purpose to offer alternative possibilities for organic farming development. The research was carried out using mathematical programming model and scenario analysis. Model is formulated as a linear mathematical programming optimization model, consisting of objective function, constraints, expressed as inequalities and fulfilling non-negative values conditions. The model includes existing and results provide the maximum gross value added ensuring crop production structure, taking in to account farming practices applied in Lithuania: conventional, organic, organic in conversion and integrated. The analysis of three scenarios has shown that the majority of compensatory payments and prices of organic production (2013) are insufficient to increase organic crop area to the extent of 10 percent of total agricultural land in Lithuania by 2020: only by one third (31 percent) higher organic production prices, lead to reached 10.5 percent of organic crop area from the total agricultural land. The research results provide scientifically based knowledge to the policy makers about the impact of the policy measure “Organic farming” on the development of organic farming.

Impact of Nitrogen Management Practices on Total Nitrogen in the Fruits of High Productive Hamlin Orange Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498e-498
Author(s):  
S. Paramasivam ◽  
A.K. Alva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Orange Trees

For perennial crop production conditions, major portion of nutrient removal from the soil-tree system is that in harvested fruits. Nitrogen in the fruits was calculated for 22-year-old `Hamlin' orange (Citrus sinensis) trees on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) rootstock, grown in a Tavares fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) that received various N rates (112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N/ha per year) as either i) broadcast of dry granular form (DGF; four applications/year), or ii) fertigation (FRT; 15 applications/year). Total N in the fruits (mean across 4 years) varied from 82 to 110 and 89 to 111 kg N/ha per year for the DGF and FRT sources, respectively. Proportion of N in the fruits in relation to N applied decreased from 74% to 39% for the DGF and from 80% to 40% for the FRT treatments. High percentage of N removal in the fruits in relation to total N applied at low N rates indicate that trees may be depleting the tree reserve for maintaining fruit production. This was evident, to some extent, by the low leaf N concentration at the low N treatments. Furthermore, canopy density was also lower in the low N trees compared to those that received higher N rates.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Approaches to Regional Land-Use Capability Analysis for Agricultural Land-Planning

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 458
Author(s):  
Tara A. Ippolito ◽  
Jeffrey E. Herrick ◽  
Ekwe L. Dossa ◽  
Maman Garba ◽  
Mamadou Ouattara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Agricultural Potential ◽  
Fertility Data ◽  
Using Data

Smallholder agriculture is a major source of income and food for developing nations. With more frequent drought and increasing scarcity of arable land, more accurate land-use planning tools are needed to allocate land resources to support regional agricultural activity. To address this need, we created Land Capability Classification (LCC) system maps using data from two digital soil maps, which were compared with measurements from 1305 field sites in the Dosso region of Niger. Based on these, we developed 250 m gridded maps of LCC values across the region. Across the region, land is severely limited for agricultural use because of low available water-holding capacity (AWC) that limits dry season agricultural potential, especially without irrigation, and requires more frequent irrigation where supplemental water is available. If the AWC limitation is removed in the LCC algorithm (i.e., simulating the use of sufficient irrigation or a much higher and more evenly distributed rainfall), the dominant limitations become less severe and more spatially varied. Finally, we used additional soil fertility data from the field samples to illustrate the value of collecting contemporary data for dynamic soil properties that are critical for crop production, including soil organic carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen.

Reducing leaching using the threshold nitrate root-uptake phenomena

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Kurtzman ◽  
Beeri Kanner ◽  
Yehuda Levy ◽  
Ido Nitsan ◽  
Asher Bar-Tal
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Annual Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Irrigated Crops ◽  
Winter Crops ◽  
Leaching Fraction ◽  
Direct Results

<p>Reducing nitrate leaching from agricultural land to aquifers is a high priority concern for more than a half a century. Theory and observations of a threshold concentration of nitrate in the root-zone (Cmax), from which the leachate concentration increases at higher rates with increasing root-zone nitrate concentration, are presented. Cmax is derived both by direct results from container experiments with varying nitrogen (N) fertigation, and as calibration parameter in N-transport models beneath commercial agricultural plots. For five different crops, Cmax ranged between 20-45 mg/l of NO<sub>3</sub>-N derived from experiments and models. However, for lettuce, which was irrigated with a large leaching fraction, a Cmax could not be defined. For the crops irrigated and fertilized in the warm/dry season (corn and citrus) experiments show a dramatic change in leachate concentrations and simulations reveal a wide range of sensitivity of leachate NO<sub>3</sub>-N concentration to Cmax. Annual crops that are irrigated and fertilized in the cool/wet season (e.g. potato in Mediterranean climate) showed a distinct Cmax yet less dramatic than the summer-irrigated crops in the container experiment, and smaller impact of Cmax in models. Simulations showed that for summer-irrigated crops maintaining fertigation at C<Cmax has a significant effect on deep leachate concentrations, whereas for the winter annual crops the simulations revealed no threshold. It is suggested that for summer-irrigated crops fertigation below Cmax robustly serves the co-sustainability of intensive agriculture and aquifer water quality, for the winter crops it is suggested but benefits are not robust. For short season, small root-system crops (lettuce) efforts should be made to detach the crop from the soil.</p>

scholarly journals Optimizing Rotavator Design Towards Enhancing Agricultural Crop Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Seedbed Preparation

By continuous and rapid growth in industrialization as well as population, the agricultural lands are also becoming less and less continuously day by day which results in increase in the population of small land holders. In addition to this, because of continuous decreasing production the youth of the villages are also migrating in big cities for the employment, resulting decreasing manpower essential to perform various seedbed operations in the villages. Hence, it is the need of time for small farmers having small agricultural land and having less crop production to introduce the cost-effective farm mechanization so that they can improve production rate. Rotavator is the best option available to achieve this landmark as it is already proved that seedbed prepared by using rotavator gives highest benefit to cost ratio. For this experimental study the whole land of 9 acre area is divided into 18 plots of equal size in area. The combination of method of seedbed preparation and use of fertilizers were the preliminary criteria. The categories of fertilizer according to quantity are discussed earlier which are 50kg, 35kg and 65kg per acre respectively. The quantities of organic fertilizer used are 45kg and 60kg per acre of agricultural land for both seedbeds which are prepared manually and by using rotavator. The highest production of Pigeon Pea was obtained of 814kg was from the plot whose seedbed is prepared by using agricultural machine called rotavator and organic fertilizer; next highest production is obtained of 802 kg from the plot whose seedbed is prepared by using rotavator and the fertilizer used was chemical fertilizer. The minimum production of Pigeon Pea which is 690 kg was obtained in the plot whose seedbed was prepared manually and chemical fertilizer was used.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis on Desalination Technology for Saline Agricultural Land on the Basis of Crop Production

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 40-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Do-Hyung Kim ◽  
Jeong-Hee Choi ◽  
Lee-Yul Kim ◽  
Chang-Mo Nam ◽  
Ki-Tae Baek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Desalination Technology

scholarly journals Precision Farming Development Centre Hyderabad: The Boon for Local Farmers

2020 ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
M. Uma Devi ◽  
Ibrahim Kaleel ◽  
K. Chaitanya ◽  
. Deepika ◽  
B. Srinu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Precision Farming ◽  
External Input ◽  
Environment Friendly ◽  
Yield Improvement ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Development Centre ◽  
Input Use ◽  
The Right ◽  
Local Farmers

Precision farming is the technique of applying the right amount of input (fertilizer, pesticide, water etc.) at the right location at the right time to enhance production, decrease input and/or protect the environment, Site-Specific Crop Management (SSCM), Farming by-the-foot, Farming soils and not fields, Prescription farming, Environmentally-friendly farming & Information-based crop production. Thus, precision farming is an appealing concept and its principles quite naturally lead to the expectation that farming inputs can be used more effectively, with subsequent improvements in profits and environmentally less burdensome production. The precision farming developments of today can provide the technology for the environment friendly agriculture of tomorrow. Especially in the case of small farmers in developing countries like India, precision farming holds the promise of substantial yield improvement with minimal external input use. In order to achieve optimal production with less inputs, Precision Farming Development Centre (PFDC), Hyderabad, Telangana, India, plays important role in Precision farming by reaching local farmers to introduce precision farming techniques. PFDC Hyderabad attracts local farmers with tailor made annual action plans which includes both research and extension part. This study shows how PFDC Hyderabad uplifts both financial and social status of local farmers by introducing them to Precision Farming.

scholarly journals Analysis of Areas and Prospects for the Use of Agrobiomass for Energy Production in Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zheliezna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Residues ◽  
Energy Crops ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Energy Wood ◽  
Biomass Potential

Purpose of the study is to assess the current and prospective energy potential of agribiomass (agricultural residues and energy crops) in Ukraine, to determine its main components and the most effective areas of their use. Methods. The assessment of the current potential of agribiomass is performed using official statistics on crop production in Ukraine. Based on these data, the total amount of crop residues formed and their share available for energy needs is determined. When assessing the potential of energy crops, it is assumed that they are grown on 2 million hectares of unused agricultural land, the total area of which is up to 4 million hectares in Ukraine. The study of the prospective potential of biomass is performed for 2050, based on key growth factors, such as increasing yield of crops, especially cereals; doubling the area under energy crops and increasing their yields, etc. Results of the assessment show that according to 2018 data, the total bioenergy potential in Ukraine is more than 23 Mtoe (the economic potential). Its largest components are agricultural residues (44%) and energy crops (32%). Expert estimates suggest that by 2050, the biomass potential could increase to more than 47.5 Mtoe/yr, in other words almost to double. Forecasting the structure and directions of use of biomass potential by 2050 shows that about 20 Mtoe of biomass/biofuels of the following types will be consumed for energy: wood biomass, primary and secondary agricultural residues, energy crops, biogas/biomethane from different types of raw materials, liquid biofuels (biodiesel, bioethanol). Conclusions. Areas of use of biomass/biofuels include the production of heat and electricity from solid biofuels, obtaining of biogas and biomethane, as well as the production of motor biofuels (biomethane, biodiesel, bioethanol). In the near future, it is considered necessary to develop a long-term strategy for the development of bioenergy in Ukraine, taking into account results of the study. In turn, the basic figures of the bioenergy development strategy can be used for the elaboration of the updated Energy Strategy of Ukraine until 2050.

scholarly journals Sediment Yield and Soil Loss Estimation Using GIS Based Soil Erosion Model: A Case Study in the MAN Catchment, Madhya Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Manti Patil ◽  
Radheshyam Patel ◽  
Arnab Saha
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Reservoir Sedimentation ◽  
Reservoir Water ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Soil Erosion Rate

Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards of recent times. It broadly affects to agricultural land and reservoir sedimentation and its consequences are very harmful. In agricultural land, soil erosion affects the fertility of soil and its composition, crop production, soil quality and land quality, yield and crop quality, infiltration rate and water holding capacity, organic matter and plant nutrient and groundwater regimes. In reservoir sedimentation process the consequences of soil erosion process are reduction of the reservoir capacity, life of reservoir, water supply, power generation etc. Based on these two aspects, an attempt has been made to the present study utilizing Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in integration with remote sensing and GIS techniques to assess the spatial pattern of annual rate of soil erosion, average annual soil erosion rate and erosion prone areas in the MAN catchment. The RUSLE considers several factors such as rainfall, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, land use and land cover and erosion control practice for soil erosion prediction. In the present study, it is found that average annual soil erosion rate for the MAN catchment is 13.01-tons/ha/year, which is higher than that of adopted and recommended values for the project. It has been found that 53% area of the MAN catchment has negligible soil erosion rate (less than 2-tons/ha/year). Its spatial distribution found on flat land of upper MAN catchment. It has been detected that 26% area of MAN catchment has moderate to extremely severe soil erosion rate (greater than 10-tons/ha/year). Its spatial distribution has been found on undulated topography of the middle MAN catchment. It is proposed to treat this area by catchment area treatment activity.

Performance And Exhaust Emission Characteristics Investigation of Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled With Microalgae Biodiesel And Its Diesel Blends

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhojraj Kale ◽  
Sewan Das Patle ◽  
Vijay Khawale ◽  
Sandeep Lutade
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutant ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Crop Area ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ci Engines

Abstract Biofuels extracted from plant biomass can be used as fuel in CI engines to lower a hazardous atmospheric pollutant and mitigate climate risks. Furthermore, its implementation is hampered by inevitable obstacles such as feed stocks and the crop area required for their cultivation, leading to a lack of agricultural land for the expansion of food yields. Despite this, microalgae have been discovered to be the most competent and unwavering source of biodiesel due to their distinguishing characteristics of being non-eatable and requiring no cropland for cultivation. The objectives of this paper was to look into the potential of a novel, formerly underappreciated biodiesel from microalgae species which could be used as a fuel substitute. Transesterification is being used to extract the biodiesel. Microalgae are blended with petroleum diesel in percentage to create Microalgae Blends (MAB) as needed for experimentation. The impact of biodiesel on performance as well as exhaust emission attributes of a 1-cylinder diesel engine was experimentally studied. Compared to petroleum diesel, different blend of Microalgae biodiesel showed a decline in torque and hence brake power, resulting in an average fall of 7.14 percent in brake thermal efficiency and 11.54 percent increase in brake specific fuel consumption. There were wide differences in exhaust emission characteristics, including carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon, as the blend ratio in diesel increased. Moreover, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxides increase in all algae biodiesel blends, but they're still within the acceptable range of petroleum diesel.

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