The Influence of Device Type on Querying Behavior and Learning Outcomes in a Searching as Learning Task with a Laptop or Smartphone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Demaree ◽  
Halszka Jarodzka ◽  
Saskia Brand-Gruwel ◽  
Yvonne Kammerer
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Device Type

scholarly journals Penerapan Problem-Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar di Sekolah Menengah Atas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-202
Author(s):  
Siti Rumaidah ◽  
Taufiqur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Learning Community ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Traditional Instruction ◽  
Mastery Learning ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Average Score

Traditional instruction limited students' autonomy to construct their own knowledge. This condition enforce students' dependency to the teacher. Consequently, it affects their learning outcomes. an effort to improve the learning outcomes by applying problem-based learning model is supported by several researches. This study deployed action research design carried in two circle. The result stated that there are improvements in three aspect i.e attitude, knowledge and skill. Average score of attitude aspect increase from 77,48 to 77,86; knowledge aspect from 77,26 to 77,98; skill aspect from 76,52 to 77,80. Number of students achieving classical mastery learning criteria increase 20% from first circle i.e 64% of 25 students. Therefore, the criteria is achieved. The result also points that learning task carried by small group make knowledge transfer as learning community possible.

scholarly journals Novel Morpheme Learning in Monolingual and Bilingual Children

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarita Kaushanskaya ◽  
Megan Gross ◽  
Enanna Sheena ◽  
Rachel Roman
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Language Abilities ◽  
Language Background ◽  
Standardized Measures ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Language Characteristics

Purpose The purpose of the present study was to examine the utility of a novel morpheme learning task for indexing typical language abilities in children characterized by diverse language backgrounds. Method Three groups of 5- to 6-year-old children were tested: monolingual speakers of English, native speakers of Spanish who also spoke English (Spanish-L1 bilinguals), and native speakers of English who also spoke Spanish (English-L1 bilinguals). All children were taught a new derivational morpheme /ku/ marking part–whole distinction in conjunction with English nouns. Retention was measured via a receptive task, and sensitivity and reaction time (RT) data were collected. Results All three groups of children learned the novel morpheme successfully and were able to generalize its use to untaught nouns. Furthermore, language characteristics (degree of exposure and levels of performance on standardized measures) did not contribute to bilingual children's learning outcomes. Conclusion Together, the findings indicate that this particular version of the novel morpheme learning task may be resistant to influences associated with language background and suggest potential usefulness of the task to clinical practice.

scholarly journals Sleep after learning aids the consolidation of factual knowledge, but not relearning

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N Cousins ◽  
Teck Boon Teo ◽  
Zhi Yi Tan ◽  
Kian F Wong ◽  
Michael W L Chee
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Factual Knowledge ◽  
Nocturnal Sleep ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Learning Aids ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Study Objectives Sleep strengthens and reorganizes declarative memories, but the extent to which these processes benefit subsequent relearning of the same material remains unknown. It is also unclear whether sleep-memory effects translate to educationally realistic learning tasks and improve long-term learning outcomes. Methods Young adults learned factual knowledge in two learning sessions that were 12 h apart and separated by either nocturnal sleep (n = 26) or daytime wakefulness (n = 26). Memory before and after the retention interval was compared to assess the effect of sleep on consolidation, while memory before and after the second learning session was compared to assess relearning. A final test 1 week later assessed whether there was any long-term advantage to sleeping between two study sessions. Results Sleep significantly enhanced consolidation of factual knowledge (p = 0.01, d = 0.72), but groups did not differ in their capacity to relearn the materials (p = 0.72, d = 0.10). After 1 week, a numerical memory advantage remained for the sleep group but was no longer significant (p = 0.21, d = 0.35). Conclusions Reduced forgetting after sleep is a robust finding that extends to our ecologically valid learning task, but we found no evidence that sleep enhances relearning. Our findings can exclude a large effect of sleep on long-term memory after 1 week, but hint at a smaller effect, leaving open the possibility of practical benefits from organizing study sessions around nocturnal sleep. These findings highlight the importance of revisiting key sleep-memory effects to assess their relevance to long-term learning outcomes with naturalistic learning materials.

On the Utility of Positive and Negative Feedback in a Paired-associate Learning Task

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1445-1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Arbel ◽  
Anthony Murphy ◽  
Emanuel Donchin
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Positive Feedback ◽  
Paired Associate ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Paired Associate Learning ◽  
Associate Learning ◽  
Informative Feedback ◽  
Feedback Processing ◽  
Novel Objects

This study offers a neurophysiological examination of the relationship between feedback processing and learning. A two-choice paired-associate learning task borrowed and modified from Tricomi and Fiez [Tricomi, E., & Fiez, J. A. Feedback signals in the caudate reflect goal achievement on a declarative memory task. Neuroimage, 41, 1154–1167, 2008] was employed to examine the mediofrontal electrophysiological brain activity associated with the processing of performance feedback in a learning task and to elucidate the extent to which the processing of the initial informative feedback is related to learning outcomes. Twenty participants were tasked with learning to correctly pair 60 novel objects with their names by choosing on a trial-by-trial basis between two possible names and receiving feedback about the accuracy of their selection. The novel objects were presented in three blocks of trials (rounds), each of which presented the same set of 60 objects once. The rounds allowed the separation of the initial informative feedback in Round 1 from the other feedback stimuli in Rounds 2 and 3. The results indicated differences in the processing of initial informative and proceeding feedback stimuli. More specifically, the difference appeared to be driven by the change in the processing of positive feedback. Moreover, very first positive feedback provided in association with a particular new object was found associated with learning outcomes. The results imply that signs of successful and unsuccessful learning may be detected as early as the initial positive feedback provided in a learning task. The results suggest that the process giving rise to the feedback-related negativity is sensitive to the utility of the feedback and that the processing of the first informative positive feedback is associated with learning outcomes.

scholarly journals Interactive effect of acute pain and motor learning acquisition on sensorimotor integration and motor learning outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (5) ◽  
pp. 2210-2220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Dancey ◽  
Bernadette Murphy ◽  
Danielle Andrew ◽  
Paul Yielder
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Acute Pain ◽  
Sensorimotor Integration ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Motor ◽  
Acquisition Task

Previous work has demonstrated differential changes in early somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) when motor learning acquisition occurred in the presence of acute pain; however, the learning task was insufficiently complex to determine how these underlying neurophysiological differences impacted learning acquisition and retention. To address this limitation, we have utilized a complex motor task in conjunction with SEPs. Two groups of 12 participants ( n = 24) were randomly assigned to either a capsaicin (capsaicin cream) or a control (inert lotion) group. SEP amplitudes were collected at baseline, after application, and after motor learning acquisition. Participants performed a motor acquisition task followed by a pain-free retention task within 24–48 h. After motor learning acquisition, the amplitude of the N20 SEP peak significantly increased ( P < 0.05) and the N24 SEP peak significantly decreased ( P < 0.001) for the control group while the N18 SEP peak significantly decreased ( P < 0.01) for the capsaicin group. The N30 SEP peak was significantly increased ( P < 0.001) after motor learning acquisition for both groups. The P25 SEP peak decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) after the application of capsaicin cream. Both groups improved in accuracy after motor learning acquisition ( P < 0.001). The capsaicin group outperformed the control group before motor learning acquisition ( P < 0.05) and after motor learning acquisition ( P < 0.05) and approached significance at retention ( P = 0.06). Improved motor learning in the presence of capsaicin provides support for the enhancement of motor learning while in acute pain. In addition, the changes in SEP peak amplitudes suggest that early SEP changes reflect neurophysiological alterations accompanying both motor learning and mild acute pain.

scholarly journals The Role of Gamification Techniques in Promoting Student Learning: A Review and Synthesis

10.28945/4417 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 395-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Islam Alomari ◽  
Hosam Al-Samarraie ◽  
Reem Yousef
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Student Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Educational Decision ◽  
Gamified Learning ◽  
Meta Analyses

Aim/Purpose: This study reviewed previous research on the role of gamification techniques in promoting students’ learning. Background: The role of gamification in promoting students’ learning has been investigated empirically by many scholars. To date, mixed results about the effectiveness of gamification have been reported, and researchers frequently argue that the inappropriateness of certain techniques may have contributed to these mixed findings. Methodology: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol was used to assess the criteria required for this review. A total of 40 studies were identified and included in the systematic review. The selected studies were used to assess the association between certain gamification techniques and students’ learning in this study. Findings: The results showed that gamification techniques differently affect students’ learning. In addition, it is important for students to be instructed about the application of gamification approach before they engage in a gamified learning task. The key challenges relating to the use of gamification techniques were also discussed. Recommendations for Practitioners: This review can help educational decision makers and practitioners to stimulate certain learning outcomes of the students with the help of specific gamification techniques.

scholarly journals Embedding the development of graduate qualities of international postgraduate IT students in the disciplinary curriculum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yu ◽  
Siyu Qian ◽  
Zhenyu Zhang ◽  
Lina Markauskaite ◽  
Jun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Content Management ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
First Year ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
The Subject

There has been a steady increase in international students pursuing postgraduate coursework education in English speaking countries. Like first-year undergraduate students, these international students need assistance transitioning into the new educational environment and preparing for self-directed, collaborative learning throughout their careers. Drawing on the social constructivist pedagogical approaches, we developed learning tasks that foster self-regulation and collaboration among postgraduate coursework IT students, aligning these tasks with the learning outcomes of the subject Information Design and Content Management. This paper presents the rationale and method for the design of the learning tasks, and how these learning tasks to not only align with the subject learning outcomes but also facilitate self-regulation. A study involving preand post-subject surveys and interviews with 133 subject students will provide us with further insights into the effectiveness of the learning task design and the areas for improvement.

The Good, the Bad, or the Useful? The Examination of the Relationship between the Feedback-related Negativity (FRN) and Long-term Learning Outcomes

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1249-1260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Arbel ◽  
Kristen Goforth ◽  
Emanuel Donchin
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Paired Associates ◽  
Error Related Negativity ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mesencephalic Dopamine

According to the reinforcement learning account of the error-related negativity (ERN), the ERN is a manifestation of a signal generated in ACC as a consequence of a phasic decrease in the activity of the mesencephalic dopamine system occurring when the monitoring system evaluates events as worse than expected. This signal is also hypothesized to be used to modify behavior to ascertain that future events will have better outcomes. It is therefore expected that this signal be correlated with learning outcomes. We report a study designed to examine the extent to which the ERN is related to learning outcomes within a paired-associates learning task. The feedback-related negativity (FRN) elicited by stimuli that indicated to the participants whether their response was correct or not was examined both according the degree to which the associates were learned in the session and according to whether participants recalled the associations on the next day. The results of the spatio-temporal PCA indicate that, whereas the process giving rise to the negative feedback elicited a FRN whose amplitude was not correlated with long-term learning outcomes, positive feedback was associated with a FRN-like activity, which was correlated with the learning outcomes. Another ERP component that follows the FRN temporally and shares its spatial distribution was found associated with long-term learning outcomes. Our findings shed light on the functional significance of the feedback-related ERP components and are discussed within the framework of the reinforcement learning ERN hypothesis.

A Proposal to Establish Standardized Learning Outcomes for Resonance Across Graduate Programs in Speech-Language Pathology

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
Helen M. Sharp ◽  
Mary O'Gara
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Graduate Training ◽  
Graduate Programs ◽  
Core Knowledge ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Graduate Training Programs

The Council for Clinical Certification in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CCFC) sets accreditation standards and these standards list broad domains of knowledge with specific coverage of “the appropriate etiologies, characteristics, anatomical/physiological, acoustic, psychological, developmental, and linguistic and cultural correlates” and assessment, intervention, and methods of prevention for each domain” (CCFC, 2013, “Standard IV-C”). One domain in the 2014 standards is “voice and resonance.” Studies of graduate training programs suggest that fewer programs require coursework in cleft palate, the course in which resonance was traditionally taught. The purpose of this paper is to propose a standardized learning outcomes specific to resonance that would achieve the minimum knowledge required for all entry-level professionals in speech-language pathology. Graduate programs and faculty should retain flexibility and creativity in how these learning outcomes are achieved. Shared learning objectives across programs would serve programs, faculty, students, accreditation site visitors, and the public in assuring that a consistent, minimum core knowledge is achieved across graduate training programs. Proficiency in the management of individuals with resonance disorders would require additional knowledge and skills.

Epistemic and relational conflicts in sharing identical vs. complementary information during cooperative learning

2002 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Darnon ◽  
Céline Buchs ◽  
Fabrizio Butera
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Relational Conflict ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University

When interacting on a learning task, which is typical of several academic situations, individuals may experience two different motives: Understanding the problem, or showing their competences. When a conflict (confrontation of divergent propositions) emerges from this interaction, it can be solved either in an epistemic way (focused on the task) or in a relational way (focused on the social comparison of competences). The latter is believed to be detrimental for learning. Moreover, research on cooperative learning shows that when they share identical information, partners are led to compare to each other, and are less encouraged to cooperate than when they share complementary information. An epistemic vs. relational conflict vs. no conflict was provoked in dyads composed by a participant and a confederate, working either on identical or on complementary information (N = 122). Results showed that, if relational and epistemic conflicts both entailed more perceived interactions and divergence than the control group, only relational conflict entailed more perceived comparison activities and a less positive relationship than the control group. Epistemic conflict resulted in a more positive perceived relationship than the control group. As far as performance is concerned, relational conflict led to a worse learning than epistemic conflict, and - after a delay - than the control group. An interaction between the two variables on delayed performance showed that epistemic and relational conflicts were different only when working with complementary information. This study shows the importance of the quality of relationship when sharing information during cooperative learning, a crucial factor to be taken into account when planning educational settings at the university.

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