Using Negative Affect to Reinforce Moral Norms in Casual Speech

2015 ◽

pp. 144-160

Author(s):

Grace Skrzypiec ◽

Laurence Owens

Keyword(s):

Social Psychology ◽

Young People ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Perceived Control ◽

Educational Interventions ◽

Subjective Norms ◽

Moral Norms ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Adolescent Offending ◽

Criminological Theories

The purpose of the research reported in this chapter is to provide a theoretically based model to inform educational interventions that aim to divert young people from criminal pathways. This chapter outlines the cross-disciplinary approach used to develop the Intention to Transgress (ITT) model, which draws from leading theories in the disciplines of social psychology and criminology. The framework of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB, Ajzen & Fishbein, 2005) was used together with the motivators of crime identified from dominant criminological theories by Agnew (1995) to determine the antecedents of adolescents' intentions to engage in offending or transgressional behaviour. The ITT model, comprising four proximal antecedents of attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, and negative affect, and two distal factors of moral norms and reputation enhancement, adds to the understanding of adolescent offending, although it remains to be empirically tested.

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Measures of RSA Suppression, Attentional Control, and Negative Affect Predict Self-Ratings of Executive Functions

Journal of Psychophysiology ◽

10.1027/0269-8803/a000053 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 164-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Brian Healy ◽

Aaron Treadwell ◽

Mandy Reagan

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Attentional Control ◽

Executive Processes ◽

Sinus Arrhythmia ◽

Low Levels

The current study was an attempt to determine the degree to which the suppression of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and attentional control were influential in the ability to engage various executive processes under high and low levels of negative affect. Ninety-four college students completed the Stroop Test while heart rate was being recorded. Estimates of the suppression of RSA were calculated from each participant in response to this test. The participants then completed self-ratings of attentional control, negative affect, and executive functioning. Regression analysis indicated that individual differences in estimates of the suppression of RSA, and ratings of attentional control were associated with the ability to employ executive processes but only when self-ratings of negative affect were low. An increase in negative affect compromised the ability to employ these strategies in the majority of participants. The data also suggest that high attentional control in conjunction with attenuated estimates of RSA suppression may increase the ability to use executive processes as negative affect increases.

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The Blank in the Mind Questionnaire (BIMQ)

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.25.2.115 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Despina Moraitou ◽

Anastasia Efklides

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Factor Model ◽

Self Report ◽

Younger Adults ◽

Confirmatory Factor ◽

Memory Failure ◽

Temporary Memory ◽

The Mind ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

Metacognitive awareness of memory failure may take the form of the “blank in the mind” (BIM) experience. The BIM experience informs the person of a temporary memory failure and takes the form of a disruption in the flow of consciousness, of a moment of no content in awareness. The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Blank in the Mind Questionnaire (BIMQ) designed to tap the BIM experience and differentiate it from other memory-related experiences, such as searching but not having in memory a piece of information (i.e., lack of knowledge). The participants (N = 493) were 249 younger adults (18–30 years old) and 244 older adults (63–89 years old) of both genders. Confirmatory factor analysis applied to the BIMQ confirmed a three-factor model with interrelations between the factors. The first factor represented the experience of lack of knowledge, the second represented the experience of BIM, and the third the person’s negative affective reactions to memory failure. The internal consistency of the three factors ranged from Cronbach’s α = .80 to .88. Convergent validity was shown with correlations of the BIMQ factors with self-report measures of cognitive and memory failures, and to the negative-affect subscale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS).

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The Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Positive and Negative Affect

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759/a000252 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (4) ◽

pp. 265-272 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mohsen Joshanloo ◽

Ali Bakhshi

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Measurement Invariance ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Factor Model ◽

Positive And Negative Affect ◽

Cultural Groups ◽

Invariance Testing ◽

The Usa ◽

Scalar Invariance ◽

Gender Groups

Abstract. This study investigated the factor structure and measurement invariance of the Mroczek and Kolarz’s scales of positive and negative affect in Iran (N = 2,391) and the USA (N = 2,154), and across gender groups. The two-factor model of affect was supported across the groups. The results of measurement invariance testing confirmed full metric and partial scalar invariance of the scales across cultural groups, and full metric and full scalar invariance across gender groups. The results of latent mean analysis revealed that Iranians scored lower on positive affect and higher on negative affect than Americans. The analyses also showed that American men scored significantly lower than American women on negative affect. The significance and implications of the results are discussed.

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Feeling Like a Burden

Social Psychology ◽

10.1027/1864-9335/a000411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 219-238

Author(s):

James H. Wirth ◽

Ashley Batts Allen ◽

Emily M. Zitek

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Poor Performance ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Social Consequences ◽

Social Costs ◽

Negative Outcomes ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Self Compassion

Abstract. We examined the negative outcomes, particularly social costs that result when a person harms their group by performing poorly, and whether self-compassion could buffer against these negative outcomes. In Studies 1 and 2, participants performed poorly and harmed their group or performed equal to their group. Harmful poor-performing participants felt more burdensome, experienced more negative affect, felt more ostracized, anticipated more exclusion, and felt lowered self-esteem than equal-performing participants. Studies 3 and 4 disentangled poor performance from harming a group. Poor-performing participants either harmed the group or caused no harm. Harmful poor-performing participants felt more burdensome and anticipated more exclusion, indicating the additional social consequences of a harmful poor performance over a non-harmful performance. Across studies, trait self-compassion was associated with reduced negative effects.

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