Full-Dimension Relative Positioning for RFID-Enabled Self-Checkout Services

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Chunhui Duan ◽  
Jiajun Liu ◽  
Xuan Ding ◽  
Zhenhua Li ◽  
Yunhao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Probabilistic Modeling ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Relative Positioning ◽  
Shopping Cart ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Full Dimension ◽  
Negative Impacts

Self-checkout services in today's retail stores are well received as they set free the labor force of cashiers and shorten conventional checkout lines. However, existing self-checkout options either require customers to scan items one by one, which is troublesome and inefficient, or rely on deployments of massive sensors and cameras together with complex tracking algorithms. On the other hand, RFID-based item-level tagging in retail offers an extraordinary opportunity to enhance current checkout experiences. In this work, we propose Taggo, a lightweight and efficient self-checkout schema utilizing well-deployed RFIDs. Taggo attaches a few anchor tags on the four upper edges of each shopping cart, so as to figure out which cart each item belongs to, through relative positioning among the tagged items and anchor tags without knowing their absolute positions. Specifically, a full-dimension ordering technique is devised to accurately determine the order of tags in each dimension, as well as to address the negative impacts from imperfect measurements in indoor surroundings. Besides, we design a holistic classifying solution based on probabilistic modeling to map each item to the correct cart that carries it. We have implemented Taggo with commercial RFID devices and evaluated it extensively in our lab environment. On average, Taggo achieves 90% ordering accuracy in real-time, eventually producing 95% classifying accuracy.

Methodology to Increase Flexibility in Inter-Region Flow Control for Urban Traffic

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812199742
Author(s):  
Sunghoon Kim ◽  
Monica Menendez ◽  
Hwasoo Yeo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Control ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Urban Traffic ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Flow Restriction ◽  
Region Flow ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Transfer Flow ◽  
Supply Level

Perimeter control is used to regulate transfer flows between urban regions. The greedy control (GC) method takes either the minimum or the maximum for the control inputs. Although it has the advantage of simplicity for real-time feasibility, a few existing studies have shown that it can sometimes have negative impacts because of unnecessary transfer flow restrictions. To reduce unnecessary restrictions, this study provides a method that gives flexibility to ease the strict conditions of the conventional GC. First, we propose a modification as a way of granting exceptions to the flow restriction under specific conditions. Second, we develop an algorithm to determine the threshold dynamically for accepting the exception, by comparing the possible outflow loss of the subject region and the possible outflow gain of its neighboring regions. The test results show that this flexible greedy control can handle the balance between the transfer demands and the greed of regions for securing the supply level, while increasing the performance in both vehicle hours traveled and trip completion.

scholarly journals Evaluating Latency in Multiprocessing Embedded Systems for the Smart Grid

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322
Author(s):  
Sara Alonso ◽  
Jesús Lázaro ◽  
Jaime Jiménez ◽  
Unai Bidarte ◽  
Leire Muguira
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Smart Grid ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Processing System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Programmable Logic ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Timing Constraint ◽  
Time Part

Smart grid endpoints need to use two environments within a processing system (PS), one with a Linux-type operating system (OS) using the Arm Cortex-A53 cores for management tasks, and the other with a standalone execution or a real-time OS using the Arm Cortex-R5 cores. The Xen hypervisor and the OpenAMP framework allow this, but they may introduce a delay in the system, and some messages in the smart grid need a latency lower than 3 ms. In this paper, the Linux thread latencies are characterized by the Cyclictest tool. It is shown that when Xen hypervisor is used, this scenario is not suitable for the smart grid as it does not meet the 3 ms timing constraint. Then, standalone execution as the real-time part is evaluated, measuring the delay to handle an interrupt created in programmable logic (PL). The standalone application was run in A53 and R5 cores, with Xen hypervisor and OpenAMP framework. These scenarios all met the 3 ms constraint. The main contribution of the present work is the detailed characterization of each real-time execution, in order to facilitate selecting the most suitable one for each application.

American Indian Migration and Economic Opportunities

1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Sandefur
Keyword(s):  
American Indian ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Race Relations ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Indian Policy ◽  
Interstate Migration ◽  
Federal Indian Policy ◽  
White Couples ◽  
White American

This article examines interstate migration and labor force participation among White, American Indian and intermarried Indian/White couples. The results show that endogamous American Indian couples are much less likely to change states of residence than are the other two groups of couples. The effect of interstate migration on labor force participation does not vary across the three groups of couples. The implications of these results for the assimilation and internal colonial models of race relations and for federal Indian policy are discussed.

scholarly journals Inter-laboratory comparison of three different real-time PCR assays for the detection of Pneumocystis jiroveci in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 1229-1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catharina F. M. Linssen ◽  
Jan A. Jacobs ◽  
Pieter Beckers ◽  
Kate E. Templeton ◽  
Judith Bakkers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Lavage Fluid ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pneumocystis Jiroveci ◽  
Pcr Assays

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) is an opportunistic infection affecting immunocompromised patients. While conventional diagnosis of PCP by microscopy is cumbersome, the use of PCR to diagnose PCP has great potential. Nevertheless, inter-laboratory validation and standardization of PCR assays is lacking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inter-laboratory agreement of three independently developed real-time PCR assays for the detection of P. jiroveci in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples. Therefore, 124 samples were collected in three tertiary care laboratories (Leiden University Medical Center, Maastricht Infection Center and Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre) and were tested by both microscopy and real-time PCR. Of 41 samples positive for P. jiroveci by microscopy, 40 were positive in all three PCR assays. The remaining sample was positive in a single assay only. Out of 83 microscopy-negative samples, 69 were negative in all three PCR assays. The other 14 samples were found positive, either in all three assays (n=5), in two (n=2) or in one of the assays (n=7). The data demonstrate high inter-laboratory agreement among real-time PCR assays for the detection of P. jiroveci.

Would You Like Some World Music with your Latte? Starbucks, Putumayo, and Distributed Tourism

2004 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANAHID KASSABIAN
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
World Music ◽  
The Other ◽  
Retail Stores ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The One ◽  
Coffee Shops ◽  
Insight Into

Through an examination of the labels Hear Music and Putumayo and their place in coffee shops and retail stores on the one hand, and of world music scholarship on the other, I argue that listening to world music in public spaces demands new theoretical perspectives. The kinds of tourism that take place in listening to world music inattentively suggest a kind of bi-location. Borrowing from quantum mechanics, I suggest that the term ‘entanglement’ might offer some insight into this bi-location and the ‘distributed tourism’ that I argue is taking place.

scholarly journals Cumulative Science via Bayesian Posterior Passing

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Olivia Brand ◽  
James Patrick Ounsley ◽  
Daniel Job Van der Post ◽  
Thomas Joshua Henry Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Statistical Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
True Parameter ◽  
True Effect ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Parameter Values

This paper introduces a statistical technique known as “posterior passing” in which the results of past studies can be used to inform the analyses carried out by subsequent studies. We first describe the technique in detail and show how it can be implemented by individual researchers on an experiment by experiment basis. We then use a simulation to explore its success in identifying true parameter values compared to current statistical norms (ANOVAs and GLMMs). We find that posterior passing allows the true effect in the population to be found with greater accuracy and consistency than the other analysis types considered. Furthermore, posterior passing performs almost identically to a data analysis in which all data from all simulated studies are combined and analysed as one dataset. On this basis, we suggest that posterior passing is a viable means of implementing cumulative science. Furthermore, because it prevents the accumulation of large bodies of conflicting literature, it alleviates the need for traditional meta-analyses. Instead, posterior passing cumulatively and collaboratively provides clarity in real time as each new study is produced and is thus a strong candidate for a new, cumulative approach to scientific analyses and publishing.

scholarly journals Real-Time Block Rate Targeting

Ledger ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M Harding
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Production Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Time Block ◽  
Block Time

A proof-of-work blockchain uses a retargeting algorithm, also termed a difficulty adjustment algorithm, to manage the rate of block production in the presence of changing hashrate. To derive the parameters that guide the search for the next block, nearly all such algorithms rely on averages of past inter-block time observations, as measured by on-chain timestamps. We are motivated to seek better responsiveness to changing hashrate, while improving stability of the block production rate and retaining the progress-free property of mining. We describe a class of retargeting algorithms for which the sole inter-block time input is that of the block being searched for, and whose response is nonlinear in that time. We discuss how these algorithms allow the other consensus rules that govern allowable timestamps to be tightened, which may improve the blockchain’s effectiveness as a time-stamping machine.

scholarly journals Review of the relationship between depression and life satisfaction among university students

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 117-128
Author(s):  
Asra Babayigit ◽  
Zihniye Okray
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Review Study ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Day By Day

Depression is one of the most commonly observed medical conditions. Studies about the depression and life satisfaction is increasing day by day. Untreated depression may lead to unexpected earlier deaths and has negative impacts on the patient’s general health conditions. On the other hand with the proper treatment, life quality could be enhanced. Moreover life satisfaction level is also seen as an important factor which is related with life quality and which is usually coordinated together with the depression. There are different types and explanations of depression. In this study, we tried to explain the prevalence, diagnosis criterias, risk factors, etiology and description of depression. In addition to this, relationship between depression and life satisfaction is tried to be explained. Purpose of this review study is to explain depression, it’s risk factors and the importance of life satisfaction.

scholarly journals The Impact of Past Pandemics on Economic and Gender Inequalities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Brzezinski
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Wealth Inequality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This paper estimates how previous major pandemic events affected economic and gender inequalities in the short- to medium run. We consider the impact of six major pandemic episodes – H3N2 Flu (1968), SARS (2003), H1N1 Swine Flu (2009), MERS (2012), Ebola (2014), and Zika (2016) – on cross-country inequalities in a sample of up to 180 countries observed over 1950-2019. Results show that the past pandemics have moderately increased income inequality in the affected countries in the period of four to five years after the pandemic’s start. On the other hand, we do not find any robust negative impacts on wealth inequality. The results concerning gender inequality are less consistent, but we find some evidence of declining gender equality among the hardest hit countries, as well as of growing gender gaps in unemployment within the four years after the onset of the pandemic.

Minimal Size of Counters for (Real-Time) Multicounter Automata

2021 ◽  
Vol 181 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Viliam Geffert ◽  
Zuzana Bednárová
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Real Time ◽  
The Other ◽  
Binary Representation ◽  
Minimal Size ◽  
Nondeterministic Automaton ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Weak Space ◽  
Fixed Constant

We show that, for automata using a finite number of counters, the minimal space that is required for accepting a nonregular language is (log n)ɛ. This is required for weak space bounds on the size of their counters, for real-time and one-way, and for nondeterministic and alternating versions of these automata. The same holds for two-way automata, independent of whether they work with strong or weak space bounds, and of whether they are deterministic, nondeterministic, or alternating. (Here ɛ denotes an arbitrarily small—but fixed—constant; the “space” refers to the values stored in the counters, rather than to the lengths of their binary representation.) On the other hand, we show that the minimal space required for accepting a nonregular language is nɛ for multicounter automata with strong space bounds, both for real-time and one-way versions, independent of whether they are deterministic, nondeterministic, or alternating, and also for real-time and one-way deterministic multicounter automata with weak space bounds. All these bounds are optimal both for unary and general nonregular languages. However, for automata equipped with only one counter, it was known that one-way nondeterministic automata cannot recognize any unary nonregular languages at all, even if the size of the counter is not restricted, while, with weak space bound log n, we present a real-time nondeterministic automaton recognizing a binary nonregular language here.

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