TREC-COVID

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Ellen Voorhees ◽  
Tasmeer Alam ◽  
Steven Bedrick ◽  
Dina Demner-Fushman ◽  
William R. Hersh ◽  
...  

TREC-COVID is a community evaluation designed to build a test collection that captures the information needs of biomedical researchers using the scientific literature during a pandemic. One of the key characteristics of pandemic search is the accelerated rate of change: the topics of interest evolve as the pandemic progresses and the scientific literature in the area explodes. The COVID-19 pandemic provides an opportunity to capture this progression as it happens. TREC-COVID, in creating a test collection around COVID-19 literature, is building infrastructure to support new research and technologies in pandemic search.

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2A(116A)) ◽  
pp. 86-97
Author(s):  
Dorota Rak

Purpose/Thesis: The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic ‘forced’ the strengthening of the importance of digital space in the daily functioning of individuals. The aim of this article is to try to answer the question of whether COVID-19 contributed in any way to changes in the Information Literacy of a specific type of information user, i.e. members of internet groups in the area of ​​business sharing. Approach/Methods: The above research problem was solved mainly by a questionnaire and a critical analysis of the scientific literature. Results and conclusions: 104 people from 8 groups representing both the Małopolska region as well as the Tri-City, Silesia and Mazovia took part in the pilot study. The questionnaire covered such issues as identifying information needs and obtaining information, evaluating and using information, defining and subjective assessing information competences. As the analysis shows, in the opinion of group users, COVID-19 did not have a significant impact on their information skills, and they themselves assess the level of their competences sufficiently or highly. Originality/Value: The article supplements the existing literature with new research and may be an inspiration for a discussion on a wider group of social media users.


Author(s):  
Natalia G. Krivulya ◽  

Animated documentary is becoming one of the fastest growing phenomena of modern screen art in the post-truth era. The review and analysis of scientific works devoted to animated documentary is seen as relevant both for the further development of scientific thought and the search for new research strategies that expand the problem field, and for the practical sphere. The research was conducted on the basis of a review and analysis of scientific literature (monographs and articles in international journals included in electronic research system international databases Scopus, Web of Science, eLibrary.ru) in English, Spanish and Russian for the period 1997-2019. The novelty of the review article is not only an attempt to present a systematic view of animated documentary as a phenomenon of screen art, but also to identify and systematize the areas in which scientific discussions are conducted. It introduces the reader to theoretical views on the terminology, Genesis, specifics, nature, and classification systems of documentary animation. Animated documentary appeared when the cinema was just taking first steps but its development began in the 1980s. At this time, animation begins to take an interest in reality, inner peace, and socially taboo topics. Since the 1990s, the foundations of animated documentary are laid, narrative strategies are developed, and a new language are actively sought. Interest in animated documentary from the scientific community arose only in the 2000s. On the one hand, it has been manifested by the increasing role of documentation in the art, which has taken on an attraction character since the advent of digital technology; on the other hand, and as a consequence of the convergence of screen arts and the emergence of hybridization trends. The academic community has focused around developing definitions and understanding what can be attributed to the field of documentary animation. By 2010, the scientific literature focused on issues related to the specifics of animated documentary, ways of presenting reality, and indexing. By the mid-2010s, animation is becoming the subject of interdisciplinary study. At this time, there are develop tools for analyzing works of animated documentaries, and its genre system begins to build. One of the main features of animated documentaries is hybridity. Its dual nature is born of fluctuations between the certainty of facts and artistic embodiment. The problems of authenticity and representation of reality become one of the most controversial topics in an animated film. The work provides an overview of theoretical studies on the genesis, history and particularities of animadoc. The theoretical texts identify three approaches that form the main directions in the analysis of animated documentary. The first group of researchers analyzes this phenomenon and its nature based on the theories of documentaries and the transformation with the advent of digital technologies, of the concepts of reality, authenticity and fact (document). The second group of authors considers animation as a phenomenon of modern animation that arose as a result of technological renewal and changes in its role as a socio-cultural practice. A third group of scientists believes that animadoc is a post-postmodern phenomenon that arose as a means of presenting a world in which there is mobility of borders and cyberspace becomes a new reality. The review allows us to conclude that animated documentary is a manifestation of a new mode of postphotographic vision of a reflexive nature, in which the imagination that refracts images of reality becomes of primary importance. Despite the interest in it from the academic community and the emergence of theoretical works, the study of this phenomenon is only at the initial stage. Despite the interest in it from the academic community, there is a small number of deep theoretical works caused by the hybrid nature of the phenomenon itself, the imperfection of working models and methods for analyzing representational strategies, and the problems of forming a conceptual apparatus.


Author(s):  
Jessica Bell ◽  
Megan Prictor ◽  
Lauren Davenport ◽  
Lynda O’Brien ◽  
Melissa Wake

‘Digital Mega-Studies’ are entirely or extensively digitised, longitudinal, population-scale initiatives, collecting, storing, and making available individual-level research data of different types and from multiple sources, shaped by technological developments and unforeseeable risks over time. The Australian ‘Gen V’ project exemplifies this new research paradigm. In 2019, we undertook a multidisciplinary, multi-stakeholder process to map Digital Mega-Studies’ key characteristics, legal and governance challenges and likely solutions. We conducted large and small group processes within a one-day symposium and directed online synthesis and group prioritisation over subsequent weeks. We present our methods (including elicitation, affinity mapping and prioritisation processes) and findings, proposing six priority governance principles across three areas—data, participation, trust—to support future high-quality, large-scale digital research in health.


Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2844
Author(s):  
Winnie Gerbens-Leenes ◽  
Santiago Vaca-Jiménez ◽  
Mesfin Mekonnen

This paper gives an overview of the contribution of water footprint (WF) studies on water for energy relationships. It first explains why water is needed for energy, gives an overview of important water energy studies until 2009, shows the contribution of Hoekstra’s work on WF of energy generation, and indicates how this contribution has supported new research. Finally, it provides knowledge gaps that are relevant for future studies. Energy source categories are: 1. biofuels from sugar, starch and oil crops; 2. cellulosic feedstocks; 3. biofuels from algae; 4. firewood; 5. hydropower and 6. various sources of energy including electricity, heat and transport fuels. Especially category 1, 3, 4, 5 and to a lesser extent 2 have relatively large WFs. This is because the energy source derives from agriculture or forestry, which has a large water use (1,2,4), or has large water use due to evaporation from open water surfaces (3,5). WFs for these categories can be calculated using the WF tool. Category 6 includes fossil fuels and renewables, such as photovoltaics and wind energy and has relatively small WFs. However, information needs to be derived from industry.


2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liam Swiss

This article highlights an emerging research agenda for the study of foreign aid through a World Society theory lens. First, it briefly summarizes the social scientific literature on aid and sociologists' earlier contributions to this research. Next, it reviews the contours of world society research and the place of aid within this body of literature. Finally, it outlines three emergent threads of research on foreign aid that comprise a new research agenda for the sociology of foreign aid and its role in world society globalization.


2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-39
Author(s):  
Biljana Bodroski-Spariosu ◽  
Mirjana Senic-Ruzic

The possibility of improving parenting practice in raising children became a very popular topic in the scientific literature during the last few decades. The focus is on raising children at an early age and the problem is thematised primarily from the psy discourse point of view. Within this framework, a modern parenting culture is established, which reduces family upbringing to dyadic parent-child interactions outside the context of social structures and values. The aim of this paper is a critical analysis of the pedagogical implications of contemporary parenting culture, considering two key characteristics. The first refers to the conceptualisation of parenting as a depersonalised individual competence. Raising children is understood as an individual competence of achieving predefined outcomes of child development, which neglects the complexity of education both as an intergenerational and as a personal relationship. Another characteristic is the scientification of parenting in the sense of referring to the evidence of empirical scientific research and relying on the so-called parental determinism model. Raising children is becoming a scientific endeavour, and parenting is the most important ?profession? that shapes the future of the child and society. Neglecting the socio-historical dimension of education in terms of structural and ethical frameworks, articulated by the context and the goal of upbringing, makes the pedagogical voice irrelevant in the contemporary culture of parenting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
V. M. Svistushkin ◽  
◽  
E. V. Sin’kov ◽  
I. V. Stozhkova ◽  
◽  
...  

Otosclerosis is one of the most common causes of progressive hearing loss, in particular in people of working age. The effectiveness of stapedial surgery largely determines the interest in studying the problems and prospects for the development of technologies, namely, the improvement of prostheses, surgical techniques, and assistance during interventions. It is worth noting that the main attention in the scientific literature is paid to the description of the clinic, the diagnosis of otosclerosis, as well as the methods of stapedoplasty. However, the question of the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease remains relevant and open for discussion, despite the many domestic and foreign works in this field. The emergence of new research methods, including molecular-genetic ones, contributed to the transition of research to a new level and the development of several new theories. Modern understanding of the pathogenesis of otosclerosis considers this disease as a multifactorial condition, in which many processes are involved, for example, genetic, hormonal, biochemical, and immunological. Likely, further study of the theory and hypothesis of the development of otosclerosis will find their justification, which will help answer many questions. The purpose of this article is to analyze and systematize data concerning various theories of the etiopathogenesis of the otosclerosis process, based on the study of modern domestic and foreign literature.


Author(s):  
Maryanne L. Fisher

The topic of women’s competition has gained recent momentum, as evidenced by the proliferation of articles in the scientific literature. There has been a considerable body of new research highlighting competition in several domains, including access to and retention of mates, access to resources related to mothering, interaction with virtual media, issues faced in the workplace, and engagement with sport and physical activity. The chapters in this volume provide a definitive view on the contemporary state of knowledge regarding women’s competition. The majority of chapters rely on an evolutionary framework; other chapters argue that sociocultural sources shape women’s competition. While the book is primarily about women, some contributors focus on issues faced by adolescent girls, or mention developmental trajectories for young girls through adulthood. It is hoped that the information within this volume will serve as a source of inspiration to help guide future directions for research.


Author(s):  
Faisal Rehman ◽  
Osman Khalid ◽  
Sajjad Ahmad Madani

AbstractRecent advancements in location-based recommendation system (LBRS) and the availability of online applications, such as Twitter, Instagram, Foursquare, Path, and Facebook have introduced new research challenges in the area of LBRS. Use of content, such as geo-tagged media, point location-based, and trajectory-based information help in connecting the gap between the online social networking services and the physical world. In this article, we present a systematic review of the scientific literature of LBRS and summarize the efforts and contributions proposed in the literature. We have performed a qualitative comparison of the existing techniques used in the area of LBRS. We present the basic filtration techniques used in LBRS followed by a discussion on the services and the location features the LBRS utilizes to perform the recommendations. The classification of criteria for recommendations and evaluation metrics are also presented. We have critically investigated the techniques proposed in the literature for LBRS and extracted the challenges and promising research topics for future work.


Author(s):  
Andreas Ahrens ◽  
Jelena Zascerinska

<em>Innovation and creativity in European society are fostered via a dynamic and flexible European higher education based on the integration between education and research at all levels (Communiqué, 2009). The synergy between education and research is effeciently driven via educational research.</em> <em>Sampling as an element of the educational research has a two-fold role: sample size is inter-connected with statistical analysis of the data and generalisation. Against this background, little attention has been given to principles of sampling in educational research. The research question is as follows: what principles form sampling in educational research? The aim of the research is to analyse scientific literature and work out principles of sampling in educational research underpinning elaboration of a new research question for further studies in educational research. The present research involves a process of analysing the meaning of the key concept “principle”. In the empirical study, explorative research was employed. Interpretive research paradigm was used. The empirical study involved six experts from different countries in February 2013 – July 2014. The findings of the research allow drawing the conclusions on the elaborated principles of sampling in educational research. Directions of further research are proposed.</em>


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