P4Pi

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
Sándor Laki ◽  
Radostin Stoyanov ◽  
Dávid Kis ◽  
Robert Soulé ◽  
Péter Vörös ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
Closed Source

High level, network programming languages, like P4, enable students to gain hands-on experience in the structure of a switch or router. Students can implement the packet processing pipeline themselves, without prior knowledge of circuit design. However, when choosing a P4 programmable target for use in the classroom, instructors face a lack of options. On the one hand, software solutions, such as the behavioral model (BMv2) switch, are overly simplified and offer low performance. On the other hand, existing hardware solutions are closed source and expensive. In this paper, we present P4Pi, a new, low-cost, open-source hardware platform intended for networking education. P4Pi allows students to design and deploy P4-based network devices using the Raspberry Pi board, which has a price tag of less than many academic textbooks. We describe the high-level design of the P4Pi platform, offer some suggestions for how P4Pi could be used in the classroom, and present some additional use-cases for applications and functionality that could be developed using P4Pi.

scholarly journals Tree-Shaped Formats of Address Programming Language

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Yury Yuschenko
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Programming Language ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Complex Data ◽  
Abstract Data Types ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Abstract Data ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

In the Address Programming Language (1955), the concept of indirect addressing of higher ranks (Pointers) was introduced, which allows the arbitrary connection of the computer’s RAM cells. This connection is based on standard sequences of the cell addresses in RAM and addressing sequences, which is determined by the programmer with indirect addressing. Two types of sequences allow programmers to determine an arbitrary connection of RAM cells with the arbitrary content: data, addresses, subroutines, program labels, etc. Therefore, the formed connections of cells can relate to each other. The result of connecting cells with the arbitrary content and any structure is called tree-shaped formats. Tree-shaped formats allow programmers to combine data into complex data structures that are like abstract data types. For tree-shaped formats, the concept of “review scheme” is defined, which is like the concept of “bypassing” trees. Programmers can define multiple overview diagrams for the one tree-shaped format. Programmers can create tree-shaped formats over the connected cells to define the desired overview schemes for these connected cells. The work gives a modern interpretation of the concept of tree-shaped formats in Address Programming. Tree-shaped formats are based on “stroke-operation” (pointer dereference), which was hardware implemented in the command system of computer “Kyiv”. Group operations of modernization of computer “Kyiv” addresses accelerate the processing of tree-shaped formats and are designed as organized cycles, like those in high-level imperative programming languages. The commands of computer “Kyiv”, due to operations with indirect addressing, have more capabilities than the first high-level programming language – Plankalkül. Machine commands of the computer “Kyiv” allow direct access to the i-th element of the “list” by its serial number in the same way as such access is obtained to the i-th element of the array by its index. Given examples of singly linked lists show the features of tree-shaped formats and their differences from abstract data types. The article opens a new branch of theoretical research, the purpose of which is to analyze the expe- diency of partial inclusion of Address Programming in modern programming languages.

scholarly journals Overview of the Available Knowledge for the Data Model Definition of a Building Renovation Passport for Non-Residential Buildings: The ALDREN Project Experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Maria Sesana ◽  
Mathieu Rivallain ◽  
Graziano Salvalai
Keyword(s):  
Data Model ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Data Links ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

According to its strategic long-term vision, Europe wants to be a climate-neutral economy by 2050. Buildings play a crucial role in this vision, and they represent a sector with low-cost opportunities for high-level CO2 reduction. The challenge the renovation of the existing building stock, which must be increased to 3%/year, more than double compared to the current 1.2%/year. In this context, the ALliance for Deep RENovation (ALDREN) project has the goal of encouraging property owners to undertake renovation of existing buildings using a clear, robust, and comparable method. This paper aims to present the ALDREN approach and the ALDREN Building Renovation Passport (BRP), giving an overview of the connections and data links to other existing databases and certification schemes. To understand the data value potential of buildings, one requires reliable and trustworthy information. The Building Renovation Passport, introduced by the recent Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD) recast 844/2018/EU, aims to provide this information. This paper presents the experience of the ALDREN BRP for non-residential buildings as well as the development procedure for its data model and the potential that this tool could have for the construction market. The ALDREN BRP has been structured into two main parts—BuildLog and RenoMap—with a common language that facilitates communication on the one hand and, on the other, the setting of renovation targets based on lifetime, operation, and user needs.

scholarly journals Intensive summer course in robotics – Robotcraft

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 155-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.M. Fonseca Ferreira ◽  
André Araujo ◽  
M.S. Couceiro ◽  
David Portugal
Keyword(s):  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Robotic Navigation ◽  
Robotic Platform ◽  
Typical Application ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Intensive Course

This paper describes a two-month summer intensive course designed to introduce participants with a hands-on technical craft on robotics and to acquire experience in the low-level details of embedded systems. Attendants started this course with a brief introduction to robotics; learned to draw, design and create a personalized 3D structure for their mobile robotic platform and developed skills in embedded systems. They were familiarize with the practices used in robotics, learning to connect all sensors and actuator, developing a typical application on differential kinematic using Arduino, exploring ROS features under Raspberry Pi environment and Arduino – Raspberry Pi communication. Different paradigms and some real applications and programming were addressed on the topic of Artificial Intelligence. Throughout the course, participants were introduced to programming languages (including Python and C++), advanced programming concepts such as ROS, basic API development, system concepts such as I2C and UART serial interfaces, PWM motor control and sensor fusion to improve robotic navigation and localization. This paper describes not just the concept, layout and methodology used on RobotCraft 2017 but also presents the participants knowledge background and their overall opinions, leading to focus on lessons learned and suggestions for future editions.

scholarly journals PrintrLab incubator: A portable and low-cost CO2 incubator based on an open-source 3D printer architecture

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0251812
Author(s):  
Arunkumar Arumugam ◽  
Cole Markham ◽  
Saurabh S. Aykar ◽  
Barbara Van Der Pol ◽  
Paula Dixon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Software Application ◽  
G Code ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Controller Board ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
Hardware Designs

Growth in open-source hardware designs combined with the decreasing cost of high-quality 3D printers have supported a resurgence of in-house custom lab equipment development. Herein, we describe a low-cost (< $400), open-source CO2 incubator. The system is comprised of a Raspberry Pi computer connected to a 3D printer controller board that has controls for a CO2 sensor, solenoid valve, heater, and thermistors. CO2 is supplied through the sublimation of dry ice stored inside a thermos to create a sustained 5% CO2 supply. The unit is controlled via G-Code commands sent by the Raspberry Pi to the controller board. In addition, we built a custom software application for remote control and used the open-source Grafana dashboard for remote monitoring. Our data show that we can maintain consistent CO2 and temperature levels for over three days without manual interruption. The results from our culture plates and real-time PCR indicate that our incubator performed equally well when compared to a much more expensive commercial CO2 incubator. We have also demonstrated that the antibiotic susceptibility assay can be performed in this low-cost CO2 incubator. Our work also indicates that the system can be connected to incubator chambers of various chamber volumes.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Temperature Changes on the Geometric Stability of Smartphone- and Raspberry Pi Cameras

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Elias ◽  
Anette Eltner ◽  
Frank Liebold ◽  
Hans-Gerd Maas
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Depth Direction ◽  
3D Data ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Orientation Parameters

Knowledge about the interior and exterior camera orientation parameters is required to establish the relationship between 2D image content and 3D object data. Camera calibration is used to determine the interior orientation parameters, which are valid as long as the camera remains stable. However, information about the temporal stability of low-cost cameras due to the physical impact of temperature changes, such as those in smartphones, is still missing. This study investigates on the one hand the influence of heat dissipating smartphone components at the geometric integrity of implemented cameras and on the other hand the impact of ambient temperature changes at the geometry of uncoupled low-cost cameras considering a Raspberry Pi camera module that is exposed to controlled thermal radiation changes. If these impacts are neglected, transferring image measurements into object space will lead to wrong measurements due to high correlations between temperature and camera’s geometric stability. Monte-Carlo simulation is used to simulate temperature-related variations of the interior orientation parameters to assess the extent of potential errors in the 3D data ranging from a few millimetres up to five centimetres on a target in X- and Y-direction. The target is positioned at a distance of 10 m to the camera and the Z-axis is aligned with camera’s depth direction.

Abstract 258: Did We Already Reach the Best Achievable Quality of Chest Compression in Vienna?

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Zeiner
Keyword(s):  
Chest Compression ◽  
Spontaneous Circulation ◽  
Ambulance Service ◽  
Control Center ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hands On ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

INTRODUCTION: Annually ~45 citizens per 100,000 have no signs of circulation and are assessed by teams of the Vienna Ambulance Service. Only in 25 percent of these cases sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is achieved and merely unsatisfying 11.3 percent leave the hospital again. The goal of this project is to follow up on chest compression performances of the ambulance crews in Vienna after the Circulation Improving Resuscitation Care (CIRC) Trial some years ago. METHODS: This observational trial assesses the quality of chest compression based on the guideline recommendations. Data are gathered from run-reports and written event recordings as described by the Utstein criteria including command and control center and emergency call records, ECG, thoracic impedance data, vital parameters as well as hospital records. During the collection of this data, the ambulance service of Vienna received standardized feedback on their CPR performance. RESULTS: From August 1, 2013 to April 30, 2014701 patients were registered. MedianCompression ratewas 108/min.Median fraction of time in which chest compression were given with the target rate of 100 to 120/min, per case is 75% and median hands on fraction was 82%.Mean percentage of minutes with a hands off fraction of 75 or higher is 72% (SD ± 24). Comparing the group who regained ROSC to those who did not no significant difference can be found in either hands on fraction as well as frequency. The confidence interval of hands on fraction within the group that regained ROSC is between 75% and 80% compared to 74% and 78% within the group that did not. CONCLUSION: The missing presence of any difference between the groups with regained ROSC and the one that did not leads to the conclusion that the quality of chest compression is on overall high level and further improvement is hardly possible and will most likely not lead to further more ROSC.

scholarly journals Embedded Design and Implementation of Mobile Robot for Surveillance Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-440
Author(s):  
Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-Obaidi ◽  
Arif Al-Qassar ◽  
Ahmed R. Nasser ◽  
Ahmed Alkhayyat ◽  
Amjad J. Humaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Robot ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Human Motion ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Motor Shaft ◽  
Security Applications ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Embedded Design ◽  
Open Source Hardware ◽  
The Cost

The surveillance and security of areas such as home, laboratory, office, factory, and airports, are important to prevent any threatening to human lives. Mobile robots are proven their effectiveness in a large number of applications, especially in hazardous areas where they can be remotely controlled by humans to accomplish certain tasks. This research paper presents a design and implementation of a mobile robot for surveillance and security applications. The main objective of the design is to lower the cost and the power consumption of the mobile robot which accomplish using low-cost open-source hardware such as Arduino and Raspberry Pi. The robot is connected wirelessly via a low-power ZigBee module to the control station to allow the operator for controlling the mobile robot motions and monitoring the physical events in the environment where the robot is used.  Sensors such as camera, temperature, and range are embedded in the robot to sense and monitor human motion, the room temperature, and the distance of the surrounding obstacles. The testing of the implemented mobile robot shows that it can run continuously for approximately 6.5 hours at a motor shaft speed 25 rpm of unlit the need to recharge the battery.

scholarly journals Crop Organ Segmentation and Disease Identification Based on Weakly Supervised Deep Neural Network

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wu ◽  
Xu
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Data ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Memory Space ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Low Performance ◽  
Weakly Supervised ◽  
The One ◽  
Instance Segmentation

Object segmentation and classification using the deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) has been widely researched in recent years. On the one hand, DCNN requires large data training sets and precise labeling, which bring about great difficulties in practical application. On the other hand, it consumes a large amount of computing resources, so it is difficult to apply it to low-cost terminal equipment. This paper proposes a method of crop organ segmentation and disease recognition that is based on weakly supervised DCNN and lightweight model. While considering the actual situation in the greenhouse, we adopt a two-step strategy to reduce the interference of complex background. Firstly, we use generic instance segmentation architecture—Mask R-CNN to realize the instance segmentation of tomato organs based on weakly supervised learning, and then the disease recognition of tomato leaves is realized by depth separable multi-scale convolution. Instance segmentation algorithms usually require accurate pixel-level supervised labels, which are difficult to collect, so we propose a weakly supervised instance segmentation assignment to solve this problem. The lightweight model uses multi-scale convolution to expand the network width, which makes the extracted features richer, and depth separable convolution is adopted to reduce model parameters. The experimental results showed that our method reached higher recognition accuracy when compared with other methods, at the same time occupied less memory space, which can realize the real-time recognition of tomato diseases on low-performance terminals, and can be applied to the recognition of crop diseases in other similar application scenarios.

Using Hands-On Physical Computing Projects to Teach Computer Programming to Biomedical Engineering Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Ham ◽  
S. Cyrus Rezvanifar ◽  
Vineet S. Thomas ◽  
Rouzbeh Amini
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Programming Languages ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Computer Programming ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Project Based Learning ◽  
Physical Computing ◽  
Skill Sets ◽  
Hands On

Rapid advancements in the multidisciplinary field of biomedical engineering (BME) require competitive engineers with skill sets in a broad range of subjects including biology, physiology, mechanics, circuits, and programming. Accordingly, such a need should be reflected in the training of BME students. Among those skills, computer programming is an essential tool that is used in a wide variety of applications. In this paper, we have provided our experience in incorporating project-based learning, a promising approach in active learning, for teaching computer programming to BME students. We describe a low-cost method for using physical, hands-on computing that directly relates to BME. Additionally, we detail our efforts to teach multiple programming languages in one semester and provide a detailed analysis of the outcomes. We also provide basic materials for other instructors to adapt to fit their own needs.

scholarly journals Analysis of approaches in teaching the introductory programming course in universities

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (135) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Yuliya Prokop ◽  
Olena Trofymenko ◽  
Olexander Zadereyko
Keyword(s):  
Programming Languages ◽  
Object Oriented Programming ◽  
It Professionals ◽  
Introductory Programming ◽  
Universal Solution ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Effectiveness Of Training ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Foreign Universities

The importance of the effective study of the initial programming course (CS1), on the one hand, and the need to take into account the requirements for IT professionals today, on the other hand, encourage universities to flexibly change educational components, adjust curricula and disciplines. The relevance of finding approaches that positively affect the effectiveness of learning the basics of programming, due to the complexity of this course for students and the high level of dropout in the first session.The paper analyzes the approaches of foreign universities in teaching the CS1 course. The tendencies of the Ukrainian IT labour market concerning the need for adjustment of the content of the Algorithmization and programming course (Ukrainian analogue CS1) are investigated.It is established that there is no universal solution to the problems associated with teaching the initial programming course in the universities. Important factors that positively affect the success of programming training are the motivation of students, a set of didactic processes and methods, as well as good knowledge of the subject by teachers. To increase the effectiveness of training, researchers propose to change the programming language used in the introductory programming course and to introduce new classes of tasks in the curriculum. The effectiveness of the solutions depends on the regional specifics and traditions of IT education.Considering the ranking of programming languages in demand in Ukraine, the need to establish a relationship between disciplines and specifics of courses, the appropriate scheme of using programming languages are C / C ++ in Algorithmization and programming course (CS1) and then Java / C # in Object-oriented programming course (CS2). Another solution is to collaborate with IT companies and to involve students in writing real programs.

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