When latency matters

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 2-13
Author(s):  
Marco Iorio ◽  
Fulvio Risso ◽  
Claudio Casetti
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Dimensional Problem ◽  
Interactive Applications ◽  
The Core ◽  
Propagation Delays ◽  
Underlying Network ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Task Offloading

Several emerging classes of interactive applications are demanding for extremely low-latency to be fully unleashed, with edge computing generally regarded as a key enabler thanks to reduced delays. This paper presents the outcome of a large-scale end-to-end measurement campaign focusing on task-offloading scenarios, showing that moving the computation closer to the end-users, alone, may turn out not to be enough. Indeed, the complexity associated with modern networks, both at the access and in the core, the behavior of the protocols at different levels of the stack, as well as the orchestration platforms used in data-centers hide a set of pitfalls potentially reverting the benefits introduced by low propagation delays. In short, we highlight how ensuring good QoS to latency-sensitive applications is definitely a multi-dimensional problem, requiring to cope with a great deal of customization and cooperation to get the best from the underlying network.

Ways and Voices in the Psychoanalysis of Links According to Enrique Pichon-Rivière

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Jaitin
Keyword(s):  
Couple Therapy ◽  
Clinical Observation ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Different Levels

This article covers several stages of the work of Pichon-Rivière. In the 1950s he introduced the hypothesis of "the link as a four way relationship" (of reciprocal love and hate) between the baby and the mother. Clinical work with psychosis and psychosomatic disorders prompted him to examine how mental illness arises; its areas of expression, the degree of symbolisation, and the different fields of clinical observation. From the 1960s onwards, his experience with groups and families led him to explore a second path leading to "the voices of the link"—the voice of the internal family sub-group, and the place of the social and cultural voice where the link develops. This brought him to the definition of the link as a "bi-corporal and tri-personal structure". The author brings together the different levels of the analysis of the link, using as a clinical example the process of a psychoanalytic couple therapy with second generation descendants of a genocide within the limits of the transferential and countertransferential field. Body language (the core of the transgenerational link) and the couple's absences and presence during sessions create a rhythm that gives rise to an illusion, ultimately transforming the intersubjective link between the partners in the couple and with the analyst.

A High-Radix, Low-Latency Optical Switch for Data Centers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Alistarh ◽  
Hitesh Ballani ◽  
Paolo Costa ◽  
Adam Funnell ◽  
Joshua Benjamin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Centers ◽  
Optical Switch ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
High Radix

scholarly journals Joint optimization of network selection and task offloading for vehicular edge computing

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lujie Tang ◽  
Bing Tang ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Feiyan Guo ◽  
Haiwu He
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Vehicular Networks ◽  
Access Point ◽  
Edge Computing ◽  
Network Selection ◽  
Network Access ◽  
Task Execution ◽  
Point Selection ◽  
Vehicle Movement ◽  
Task Offloading

AbstractTaking the mobile edge computing paradigm as an effective supplement to the vehicular networks can enable vehicles to obtain network resources and computing capability nearby, and meet the current large-scale increase in vehicular service requirements. However, the congestion of wireless networks and insufficient computing resources of edge servers caused by the strong mobility of vehicles and the offloading of a large number of tasks make it difficult to provide users with good quality of service. In existing work, the influence of network access point selection on task execution latency was often not considered. In this paper, a pre-allocation algorithm for vehicle tasks is proposed to solve the problem of service interruption caused by vehicle movement and the limited edge coverage. Then, a system model is utilized to comprehensively consider the vehicle movement characteristics, access point resource utilization, and edge server workloads, so as to characterize the overall latency of vehicle task offloading execution. Furthermore, an adaptive task offloading strategy for automatic and efficient network selection, task offloading decisions in vehicular edge computing is implemented. Experimental results show that the proposed method significantly improves the overall task execution performance and reduces the time overhead of task offloading.

On Workload-Aware DRAM Failure Prediction in Large-Scale Data Centers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyi Wang ◽  
Yu Li ◽  
Yiquan Chen ◽  
Shiwen Wang ◽  
Yin Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Failure Prediction ◽  
Large Scale Data ◽  
Scale Data

scholarly journals Potential Energy Implications of Connected and Automated Vehicles: Exploring Key Leverage Points through Scenario Screening and Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (5) ◽  
pp. 84-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Bush ◽  
Laura Vimmerstedt ◽  
Jeff Gonder
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Dynamics Model ◽  
Transportation Service ◽  
Service Outcomes ◽  
Behavioral Parameters ◽  
Computationally Intensive ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Selection Of

Connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies could transform the transportation system over the coming decades, but face vehicle and systems engineering challenges, as well as technological, economic, demographic, and regulatory issues. The authors have developed a system dynamics model for generating, analyzing, and screening self-consistent CAV adoption scenarios. Results can support selection of scenarios for subsequent computationally intensive study using higher-resolution models. The potential for and barriers to large-scale adoption of CAVs have been analyzed using preliminary quantitative data and qualitative understandings of system relationships among stakeholders across the breadth of these issues. Although they are based on preliminary data, the results map possibilities for achieving different levels of CAV adoption and system-wide fuel use and demonstrate the interplay of behavioral parameters such as how consumers value their time versus financial parameters such as operating cost. By identifying the range of possibilities, estimating the associated energy and transportation service outcomes, and facilitating screening of scenarios for more detailed analysis, this work could inform transportation planners, researchers, and regulators.

scholarly journals Uncovering the structure and temporal dynamics of information propagation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
MANUEL GOMEZ RODRIGUEZ ◽  
JURE LESKOVEC ◽  
DAVID BALDUZZI ◽  
BERNHARD SCHÖLKOPF
Keyword(s):  
News Media ◽  
Information Diffusion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Inference Algorithm ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Transmission Rates ◽  
Diffusion Dynamics ◽  
Underlying Network ◽  
News Events

AbstractTime plays an essential role in the diffusion of information, influence, and disease over networks. In many cases we can only observe when a node is activated by a contagion—when a node learns about a piece of information, makes a decision, adopts a new behavior, or becomes infected with a disease. However, the underlying network connectivity and transmission rates between nodes are unknown. Inferring the underlying diffusion dynamics is important because it leads to new insights and enables forecasting, as well as influencing or containing information propagation. In this paper we model diffusion as a continuous temporal process occurring at different rates over a latent, unobserved network that may change over time. Given information diffusion data, we infer the edges and dynamics of the underlying network. Our model naturally imposes sparse solutions and requires no parameter tuning. We develop an efficient inference algorithm that uses stochastic convex optimization to compute online estimates of the edges and transmission rates. We evaluate our method by tracking information diffusion among 3.3 million mainstream media sites and blogs, and experiment with more than 179 million different instances of information spreading over the network in a one-year period. We apply our network inference algorithm to the top 5,000 media sites and blogs and report several interesting observations. First, information pathways for general recurrent topics are more stable across time than for on-going news events. Second, clusters of news media sites and blogs often emerge and vanish in a matter of days for on-going news events. Finally, major events, for example, large scale civil unrest as in the Libyan civil war or Syrian uprising, increase the number of information pathways among blogs, and also increase the network centrality of blogs and social media sites.

Fulcrum's FocalPoint FM4000: A Scalable, Low-Latency 10GigE Switch for High-Performance Data Centers

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uri Cummings ◽  
Dan Daly ◽  
Rebecca Collins ◽  
Virat Agarwal ◽  
Fabrizio Petrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Data Centers ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Low Latency

Educating Democratic Character

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Rogach Alexander ◽  
Philip Kitcher
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Democratic Education ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Mutual Engagement ◽  
Democratic Character ◽  
Imminent Death ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Many recent writers on democracy have lamented its decay and warned of its imminent death. We argue that the concerns are focused at three different levels of democracy. The most fundamental of these, celebrated by Tocqueville and by Dewey, recognizes the interactions and joint deliberations among citizens who seek sympathetic mutual engagement. Such engagement is increasingly rare in large-scale political life. In diagnosing and treating the problems, we recommend returning to the debate between Lippmann and Dewey, in which many of the concerns now prominent were already voiced. This inspires the main work of the paper – the reconstruction of Dewey’s conception of democracy as a ‘mode of associated living’. We focus on the thesis that democracy is educative and explicate Dewey’s notion of growth, showing how democratic education contributes to three important functions: the capacity for sustaining oneself, the enrichment of individual experience, and the ability to enter into cooperative discussions with fellow citizens. Dewey’s conception of democratic education is directed at fostering particular virtues and, if citizens come to possess them, the need for Lippmann’s ‘omnicompetent individual’ vanishes. We conclude by suggesting that Dewey’s project of educating democratic character is pertinent for addressing the disaffection of our times.

Construction of Essential Care Service Package for People Living with Dementia in Smoke-free Environment under Disease Pandemic in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
Tongda Sun ◽  
Hongdao Meng ◽  
Mingze Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxin Dong ◽  
Naidan Tu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Service Needs ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Service Package ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Different Levels

Objectives: In recent years, the harm of smoking has attracted more and more public attention. Creating a healthy smoke-free environment has been widely favored and supported by the public. Smokeless environment has a certain positive effect on the rehabilitation of dementia patients. Sustained smoking cessation is associated with significantly decreased the future prevalence of dementia. Therefore, hospitals often establish a special organizational structure and management model for tobacco control, and carry out training and assessment for all staff. The nursing group also took it as the basic nursing standard. The 2019 disease pandemic has posed unique health threats to people living with dementia (PLWD). Therefore, a strict smoke-free environment is more necessary for the nursing group. One of the key challenges is scaling up long-term care services to meet the needs of the rapidly growing population of PLWD in developing countries. The aim of the study is to explore the care service needs, utilization and build an essential care service package (ECSP) for PLWD under the disease pandemic in China. Methods: From July 2018 to October 2019, a total of 1255 elderly with dementia in six cities in China by a cluster sampling were investigated with the self-designed questionnaire. Care service needs and utilization for PLWD with different levels of cognitive impairment were summarized. Results: The ECSP for PLWD was composed of 30 service items (7 for core care) in order to guarantee that all PLWD enjoy equal care services, basing on public financing and implementing strategies and taking China's situations into account. The selection plan for ECSP at different levels is designed as 'General Care Services + Selective Care Services ', in which respective service items for low, mid, and high-level care for PLWD are 7+3, 7+6, and 7+10, and requires 151.41 hours, 201.88 hours, and 252.35 hours per month, respectively. Conclusion: The present study provides the first large-scale data on care service needs and utilization for PLWD in mainland China. The ECSP for PLWD based on the needs advanced in the paper was a practicable and effective quantitative management means that deserves a large-scale application. Some safeguard mechanisms and operational implementing pathways of ECSP for PLWD during and after the disease pandemic in China are proposed.

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