scholarly journals Analytic Criminology: Mechanisms and Methods in the Explanation of Crime and its Causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Olof H. Wikström ◽  
Clemens Kroneberg
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Criminology is a smorgasbord of disparate theory and poorly integrated research findings. Theories tend to focus either on people's crime propensity or the criminogenic inducements of environments; rarely are these two main approaches effectively combined in the analysis of crime and its causes. Criminological research often either avoids questions of causation and explanation (e.g., risk factor approach) or is based on research designs that yield highly partial accounts (e.g., place-oriented experimental work). To advance knowledge about crime and its causes and prevention, we argue that there is a need for an analytic criminology that allows key theoretical insights and central empirical findings about people's crime propensities and environments’ criminogenic inducements and their combination to be integrated based on an adequate action theory. In this review, we outline this approach and its main methodological implications and discuss how its focus on why and how questions leads to a characteristic integration of theory development, methods, and research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 5 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Replicability, Robustness, and Reproducibility in Psychological Science

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Nosek ◽  
Tom E. Hardwicke ◽  
Hannah Moshontz ◽  
Aurélien Allard ◽  
Katherine S. Corker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Publication ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Testing Hypotheses ◽  
Personal Attack ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Replication—an important, uncommon, and misunderstood practice—is gaining appreciation in psychology. Achieving replicability is important for making research progress. If findings are not replicable, then prediction and theory development are stifled. If findings are replicable, then interrogation of their meaning and validity can advance knowledge. Assessing replicability can be productive for generating and testing hypotheses by actively confronting current understandings to identify weaknesses and spur innovation. For psychology, the 2010s might be characterized as a decade of active confrontation. Systematic and multi-site replication projects assessed current understandings and observed surprising failures to replicate many published findings. Replication efforts highlighted sociocultural challenges such as disincentives to conduct replications and a tendency to frame replication as a personal attack rather than a healthy scientific practice, and they raised awareness that replication contributes to self-correction. Nevertheless, innovation in doing and understanding replication and its cousins, reproducibility and robustness, has positioned psychology to improve research practices and accelerate progress. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Accumulating Knowledge in the Organizational Sciences

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank A. Bosco
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Organizational Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Meta Analyses

In some fields, research findings are rigorously curated in a common language and made available to enable future use and large-scale, robust insights. Organizational researchers have begun such efforts [e.g., metaBUS ( http://metabus.org/ )] but are far from the efficient, comprehensive curation seen in areas such as cognitive neuroscience or genetics. This review provides a sample of insights from research curation efforts in organizational research, psychology, and beyond—insights not possible by even large-scale, substantive meta-analyses. Efforts are classified as either science-of-science research or large-scale, substantive research. The various methods used for information extraction (e.g., from PDF files) and classification (e.g., using consensus ontologies) is reviewed. The review concludes with a series of recommendations for developing and leveraging the available corpus of organizational research to speed scientific progress. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 9 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Toward a Criminology of Sexual Harassment

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Uggen ◽  
Ráchael A. Powers ◽  
Heather McLaughlin ◽  
Amy Blackstone
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
And Control ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Public attention to sexual harassment has increased sharply with the rise of the #MeToo movement, although the phenomenon has sustained strong scientific and policy interest for almost 50 years. A large and impressive interdisciplinary scholarly literature has emerged over this period, yet the criminology of sexual harassment has been slow to develop. This review considers how criminological theory and research can advance knowledge on sexual harassment—and how theory and research on sexual harassment can advance criminological knowledge. We review classic and contemporary studies and highlight points of engagement in these literatures, particularly regarding life-course research and violence against women. After outlining prospects for a criminology of sexual harassment that more squarely addresses perpetrators as well as victims, we discuss how criminological insights might contribute to policy efforts directed toward prevention and control. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 4 is January 13, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Comparative Politics in Borderlands: Actors, Identities, and Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Braun ◽  
Otto Kienitz
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Border Studies ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Measurement Strategies

Comparativists are increasingly researching national border regions. Yet the distinct way in which proximity to borders independently shapes politics is rarely theorized explicitly. Drawing on the emerging subdiscipline of border studies, we identify three types of border effects: Borders involve specific actors, shape local identities, and provide distinct strategies, each of which directly affects key areas of comparative politics. An in-depth review of work on political violence and state formation shows that specifying these effects ( a) demands that comparativists consider the ways in which borderlands differ from other regions and be careful in attributing processes found there to nations as a whole, ( b) improves theories by elucidating scope conditions, and ( c) scrutinizes the validity of our research designs and measurement strategies. We end with a call to move from a comparative politics in border regions to a comparative politics of border regions that contextualizes how borders alter political processes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Theory and Technology in Organizational Psychology: A Review of Technology Integration Paradigms and Their Effects on the Validity of Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard N. Landers ◽  
Sebastian Marin
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Performance Management ◽  
Personnel Selection ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Organizational Psychology ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Philosophical Orientation ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Groups And Teams

Despite the centrality of technology to understanding how humans in organizations think, feel, and behave, researchers in organizational psychology and organizational behavior even now often avoid theorizing about it. In our review, we identify four major paradigmatic approaches in theoretical approaches to technology, which typically occur in sequence: technology-as-context, technology-as-causal, technology-as-instrumental, and technology-as-designed. Each paradigm describes a typically implicit philosophical orientation toward technology as demonstrated through choices about theory development and research design. Of these approaches, one is unnecessarily limited and two are harmful oversimplifications that we contend have systematically weakened the quality of theory across our discipline. As such, we argue that to avoid creating impractical and even inaccurate theory, researchers must explicitly model technology design. To facilitate this shift, we define technology, present our paradigmatic framework, explain the framework's importance, and provide recommendations across five key domains: personnel selection, training and development, performance management and motivation, groups and teams, and leadership. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 8 is January 21, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Achievement Motivation: What We Know and Where We Are Going

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan Wigfield ◽  
Katherine Muenks ◽  
Jacquelynne S. Eccles
Keyword(s):  
Achievement Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Motivation ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Competence Beliefs ◽  
The Status

We review work on the development of children's and adolescents’ achievement motivation, focusing on recent advances in the empirical work in the field and commenting on the status of current theories prominent in the literature. We first focus on the main theories guiding the field and the development of motivational beliefs, values, and goals; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation; identity and motivation; and motivation and emotion. We provide our views on future directions for theory development and what we believe are the critical next steps in developmental research. We then discuss the burgeoning intervention work designed to enhance different aspects of children's motivation: their competence beliefs and mindsets, intrinsic motivation, valuing of achievement, and growth mindsets. We also provide suggestions for next steps in this area in order to guide the field forward. We close with a brief consideration of neuroscience approaches to motivation. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, Volume 3 is December 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Historical Persistence

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cirone ◽  
Thomas B. Pepinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Political Economic

This article reviews the literature on historical persistence in political science and the related social sciences. Historical persistence refers to causal effects that ( a) operate over time scales of a decade or more and ( b) explain spatial variation in political, economic, or social outcomes. Although political scientists have always drawn from history, the historical persistence literature represents a new approach to historical research in the social sciences that places a premium on credible research designs for causal inference. We discuss regional and national coverage, state-of-the-art research designs, analytical and inferential challenges, and mechanisms and theories of persistence, drawing broadly from the contemporary literature in political science and economics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Green Criminology: Capitalism, Green Crime and Justice, and Environmental Destruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lynch ◽  
Michael A. Long
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic

Green criminology has developed into a criminological subfield with a substantial literature. That literature is so vast that a single review cannot do it justice. This article examines the definition of green crime, the historical development of green criminology, some major areas of green criminological research, and potential future developments. Unlike traditional criminology with its focus on human victims, green criminology recognizes that various living entities can be victims of the ways in which humans harm ecosystems. Green research thus explores crime, victimization, and justice from several theoretical positions that acknowledge these unique victims. Although green criminology contains several approaches, this review primarily focuses on political economic green criminology. The section titled The Definition, Overview, and Historical Development of Green Criminology identifies, but does not review in depth, other forms of green criminology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 5 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Recent Advances in Empirical Land-Use Modeling

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Plantinga
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Land Use Modeling ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Use Studies ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Data sets providing repeated observations of land use at fine spatial scales have enabled a new generation of land-use studies. In the past decade, these analyses have put increasing emphasis on empirical research designs that provide more convincing causal estimates. I review the use of instrumental variables, matching, difference-in-differences, regression discontinuity design, and randomized controlled trials in the recent land-use economics literature, exploring how new data have made possible the use of these research designs. I show that these estimators have produced different results than were obtained with traditional approaches and have provided new insights into important land-use policy issues such as additionality and spillover effects. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Resource Economics, Volume 13 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals What Can We Learn from Written Constitutions?

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Elkins ◽  
Tom Ginsburg
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Science Volume ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
The Face

This article responds to a set of well-known challenges to empirical research on formal institutions in comparative politics. We focus on the case of written constitutions and discuss the scholarly utility of studying such documents in the face of four analytic and theoretical challenges. Each of these challenges, in turn, implies a set of empirical questions, for which we invoke original data to sketch a broad-brushed set of answers. The data analysis and accompanying discussion suggest a set of guidelines for how written constitutions should be deployed in comparative research designs on topics that involve political institutions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 24 is May 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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