Green Criminology: Capitalism, Green Crime and Justice, and Environmental Destruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lynch ◽  
Michael A. Long
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Green Criminology ◽  
Crime Victimization ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Economic

Green criminology has developed into a criminological subfield with a substantial literature. That literature is so vast that a single review cannot do it justice. This article examines the definition of green crime, the historical development of green criminology, some major areas of green criminological research, and potential future developments. Unlike traditional criminology with its focus on human victims, green criminology recognizes that various living entities can be victims of the ways in which humans harm ecosystems. Green research thus explores crime, victimization, and justice from several theoretical positions that acknowledge these unique victims. Although green criminology contains several approaches, this review primarily focuses on political economic green criminology. The section titled The Definition, Overview, and Historical Development of Green Criminology identifies, but does not review in depth, other forms of green criminology. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 5 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

The Political Economy of Attention

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten Axel Pedersen ◽  
Kristoffer Albris ◽  
Nick Seaver
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
The Political ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Moral Concern ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Political Economic

Attention has become an issue of intense political, economic, and moral concern over recent years: from the commodification of attention by digital platforms to the alleged loss of the attentional capacities of screen-addicted children (and their parents). While attention has rarely been an explicit focus of anthropological inquiry, it has still played an important if mostly tacit part in many anthropological debates and subfields. Focusing on anthropological scholarship on digital worlds and ritual forms, we review resources for colleagues interested in this burgeoning topic of research and identify potential avenues for an incipient anthropology of attention, which studies how attentional technologies and techniques mold human minds and bodies in more or less intentional ways. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 50 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Recent Research on the Archaeology of War and Violence

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew K. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
State Formation ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
General Trend ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Consequences Of Violence

The mid-1990s through the first decade of the new millennium marked an increase in publications pertaining to war and violence in the ancient past. This review considers how scholars of the past decade have responded to that work. The emerging consensus is that war and violence were endemic to all societies studied by archaeologists, and yet the frequency, intensity, causes, and consequences of violence were highly variable for reasons that defy simplistic explanation. The general trend has been toward archaeologies of war and violence that focus on understanding the nuances of particular places and historical moments. Nevertheless, archaeologists continue to grapple with grand narratives of war, such as the proposition that violence has decreased from ancient to modern times and the role of war and violence in state formation and collapse. Recent research also draws attention to a more expansive definition of violence. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 50 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Band Representations and Topological Quantum Chemistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cano ◽  
Barry Bradlyn
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Chemistry ◽  
Momentum Space ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Symmetry Groups ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Topological Quantum ◽  
Symmetry Constraints ◽  
Topological Crystalline Insulators

In this article, we provide a pedagogical review of the theory of topological quantum chemistry and topological crystalline insulators. We begin with an overview of the properties of crystal symmetry groups in position and momentum space. Next, we introduce the concept of a band representation, which quantifies the symmetry of topologically trivial band structures. By combining band representations with symmetry constraints on the connectivity of bands in momentum space, we show how topologically nontrivial bands can be cataloged and classified. We present several examples of new topological phases discovered using this paradigm and conclude with an outlook toward future developments. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, Volume 12 is March 10, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Analytic Criminology: Mechanisms and Methods in the Explanation of Crime and its Causes

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Per-Olof H. Wikström ◽  
Clemens Kroneberg
Keyword(s):  
Action Theory ◽  
Theory Development ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Criminological Research ◽  
Integrated Research ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Development Methods ◽  
Advance Knowledge

Criminology is a smorgasbord of disparate theory and poorly integrated research findings. Theories tend to focus either on people's crime propensity or the criminogenic inducements of environments; rarely are these two main approaches effectively combined in the analysis of crime and its causes. Criminological research often either avoids questions of causation and explanation (e.g., risk factor approach) or is based on research designs that yield highly partial accounts (e.g., place-oriented experimental work). To advance knowledge about crime and its causes and prevention, we argue that there is a need for an analytic criminology that allows key theoretical insights and central empirical findings about people's crime propensities and environments’ criminogenic inducements and their combination to be integrated based on an adequate action theory. In this review, we outline this approach and its main methodological implications and discuss how its focus on why and how questions leads to a characteristic integration of theory development, methods, and research. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Criminology, Volume 5 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Spatial Transcriptomics: Molecular Maps of the Mammalian Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cantin Ortiz ◽  
Marie Carlén ◽  
Konstantinos Meletis
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Molecular Classification ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Common Reference ◽  
Tissue Organization ◽  
Definition Of

Maps of the nervous system inspire experiments and theories in neuroscience. Advances in molecular biology over the past decades have revolutionized the definition of cell and tissue identity. Spatial transcriptomics has opened up a new era in neuroanatomy, where the unsupervised and unbiased exploration of the molecular signatures of tissue organization will give rise to a new generation of brain maps. We propose that the molecular classification of brain regions on the basis of their gene expression profile can circumvent subjective neuroanatomical definitions and produce common reference frameworks that can incorporate cell types, connectivity, activity, and other modalities. Here we review the technological and conceptual advances made possible by spatial transcriptomics in the context of advancing neuroanatomy and discuss how molecular neuroanatomy can redefine mapping of the nervous system. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Neuroscience, Volume 44 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Green Criminology in International Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Gladkova ◽  
Alison Hutchinson ◽  
Tanya Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Green Criminology ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
The West ◽  
Environmental Destruction ◽  
The Earth ◽  
International Perspectives ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Near Future

Green criminology is now an established subfield of criminology. Having emerged in the 1990s, green criminology has rapidly grown, particularly in the last 10 years. Scholarship remains rooted in the critical and radical traditions that inspired its creation and challenge the orthodoxy of most criminological scholarship. This means that research in green criminology does not stick within the confines of only what is deemed criminal by the state but also uncovers harmful and injurious behaviors, particularly of the powerful, such as states and corporations. These once-hidden harms are approached from an environmental justice perspective that exposes the injury and suffering of marginalized people and also to the environment itself (ecological justice) and to nonhumans (species justice). More recent iterations of green criminology feature culture in addition to political economic explanations of crimes and harms against the environment and other species. Both theories of green crimes criticize capitalist societies and the ongoing problems of commodification and excessive consumption. In addition, new contributions, particularly from the Global South, are challenging the hegemony of Western criminological and environmental discourses, offering new (to the West) insights into relationships with nature and with other people. These studies have the potential to shape new prevention strategies and intervention mechanisms to disrupt green crimes and harms. This is urgent as the magnitude of environmental degradation is increasing—ranging from the threat of climate change, the possible extinction of a million species in the near future, and the ubiquity of plastic pollution, to name just a few forms of environmental destruction that humans have been, and are, perpetrating against the Earth.

Logophoricity, Perspective, and Reflexives

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Charnavel
Keyword(s):  
Online Publication ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Binding Theory ◽  
Definition Of

The notion of logophoricity is used to characterize linguistic elements sensitive to perspective. The goal of this review is to examine this notion by focusing on the behavior of so-called exempt anaphors. It has long been observed that anaphors can be exempt from Condition A of Binding Theory under perspectival conditions. The distribution of exempt anaphors can thus be examined to identify what perspectival properties are grammatically relevant and thereby specify the definition of logophoricity. In this article, I first review various proposals about this issue; in particular, the grammatical relevance of perspective for exempt anaphors has been explored in comparison with so-called logophoric pronouns as well as in the context of literary and philosophical studies. Second, after providing tools for exploring the perspectival properties of exempt anaphors crosslinguistically, I present my own hypothesis explaining why anaphors can superficially be exempt from Condition A under logophoric conditions. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 7 is January 14, 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Historical Persistence

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Cirone ◽  
Thomas B. Pepinsky
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Science ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Art Research ◽  
Political Economic

This article reviews the literature on historical persistence in political science and the related social sciences. Historical persistence refers to causal effects that ( a) operate over time scales of a decade or more and ( b) explain spatial variation in political, economic, or social outcomes. Although political scientists have always drawn from history, the historical persistence literature represents a new approach to historical research in the social sciences that places a premium on credible research designs for causal inference. We discuss regional and national coverage, state-of-the-art research designs, analytical and inferential challenges, and mechanisms and theories of persistence, drawing broadly from the contemporary literature in political science and economics. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Political Science, Volume 25 is May 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals The Antisocial Network: Cross Talk Between Cell Death Programs in Host Defense

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise G. Snyder ◽  
Andrew Oberst
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
Sequential Programs ◽  
Cell Death Pathways ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Definition Of

Nearly all animal cells contain proteins evolved to trigger the destruction of the cell in which they reside. The activation of these proteins occurs via sequential programs, and much effort has been expended in delineating the molecular mechanisms underlying the resulting processes of programmed cell death (PCD). These efforts have led to the definition of apoptosis as a form of nonimmunogenic PCD that is required for normal development and tissue homeostasis, and of pyroptosis and necroptosis as forms of PCD initiated by pathogen infection that are associated with inflammation and immune activation. While this paradigm has served the field well, numerous recent studies have highlighted cross-talk between these programs, challenging the idea that apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis are linear pathways with defined immunological outputs. Here, we discuss the emerging idea of cell death as a signaling network, considering connections between cell death pathways both as we observe them now and in their evolutionary origins. We also discuss the engagement and subversion of cell death pathways by pathogens, as well as the key immunological outcomes of these processes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Immunology, Volume 39 is April 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Three Decades of Climate Mitigation: Why Haven't We Bent the Global Emissions Curve?

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isak Stoddard ◽  
Kevin Anderson ◽  
Stuart Capstick ◽  
Wim Carton ◽  
Joanna Depledge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Fossil Fuel Industry ◽  
Fuel Industry ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Development Paradigm ◽  
Global Emissions

Despite three decades of political efforts and a wealth of research on the causes and catastrophic impacts of climate change, global carbon dioxide emissions have continued to rise and are 60% higher today than they were in 1990. Exploring this rise through nine thematic lenses—covering issues of climate governance, the fossil fuel industry, geopolitics, economics, mitigation modeling, energy systems, inequity, lifestyles, and social imaginaries—draws out multifaceted reasons for our collective failure to bend the global emissions curve. However, a common thread that emerges across the reviewed literature is the central role of power, manifest in many forms, from a dogmatic political-economic hegemony and influential vested interests to narrow techno-economic mindsets and ideologies of control. Synthesizing the various impediments to mitigation reveals how delivering on the commitments enshrined in the Paris Agreement now requires an urgent and unprecedented transformation away from today's carbon- and energy-intensive development paradigm. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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