Computational Methods in Legal Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Frankenreiter ◽  
Michael A. Livermore
Keyword(s):  
Computational Methods ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Scholarship ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Legal Texts ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

The digitization of legal texts and advances in artificial intelligence, natural language processing, text mining, network analysis, and machine learning have led to new forms of legal analysis by lawyers and law scholars. This article provides an overview of how computational methods are affecting research across the varied landscape of legal scholarship, from the interpretation of legal texts to the quantitative estimation of causal factors that shape the law. As computational tools continue to penetrate legal scholarship, they allow scholars to gain traction on traditional research questions and may engender entirely new research programs. Already, computational methods have facilitated important contributions in a diverse array of law-related research areas. As these tools continue to advance, and law scholars become more familiar with their potential applications, the impact of computational methods is likely to continue to grow.

Reflections on the biochemistry ofEchinococcus: past, present and future

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (12) ◽  
pp. 1643-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. McMANUS
Keyword(s):  
Hydatid Disease ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Tegumental Surface ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
General Metabolism ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYThis review discusses 5 of my earliest papers on the biochemistry of larvalEchinococcuspublished inParasitologyin the 1970s and 1980s. Two of the publications consider aspects of the basic biochemistry, intermediary metabolism and the regulation of respiratory pathways inE. granulosusandE. multilocularis, and emphasize the existence of inter- and intra-species variation in their general metabolism. The third reports on the detailed biochemical analysis of the tegumental surface of the protoscolex ofE. granulosus, and the final 2 papers describe the genomic cloning ofEchinococcusDNA fragments and their use, along with other DNA markers, in molecular identification ofE. granulosusisolates collected worldwide from areas endemic for hydatid disease. A number of years have elapsed since these publications inParasitologyand, in this Centenary Issue article, I reflect briefly on some of the subsequent studies undertaken in these research areas that have advanced the field. As well, I provide brief insight on new research directions, emphasizing the impact of molecular biology and associated techniques on future studies ofEchinococcusand hydatid disease.

scholarly journals Human Gaze Assisted Artificial Intelligence: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruohan Zhang ◽  
Akanksha Saran ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Yifeng Zhu ◽  
Sihang Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Robotics

Human gaze reveals a wealth of information about internal cognitive state. Thus, gaze-related research has significantly increased in computer vision, natural language processing, decision learning, and robotics in recent years. We provide a high-level overview of the research efforts in these fields, including collecting human gaze data sets, modeling gaze behaviors, and utilizing gaze information in various applications, with the goal of enhancing communication between these research areas. We discuss future challenges and potential applications that work towards a common goal of human-centered artificial intelligence.

scholarly journals Routing and Mobility Management in the Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Pereira Santos ◽  
Luiz Filipe Menezes Vieira ◽  
Antonio Alfredo Ferreira Loureiro
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Mobility Management ◽  
Intelligent Transportation Systems ◽  
Computer Network ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Transportation Systems ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

This Ph.D. Thesis proposes new techniques for routing and mobility management for Internet of Things (IoT). In the future IoT, everyday mobile objects will probably be connected to the Internet. Currently, static IoT's devices have already been connected, but handle mobile devices suitably still being an open issue in IoT context. Then, solutions for routing mobility detection, handover, and mobility management are proposed through an algorithm that integrates Machine Learning (ML) and mobility metrics to figure out devices' mobility events, which we named Dribble. Also, an IPv6 hierarchical routing protocol named Mobile Matrix to boost efficient (memory and fault tolerance) end-to-end connectivity over mobility scenarios. The Thesis contributions are supported by numerous peer-reviewed publications in national and international conferences and journals included in ISI-JCR. Also, the applicability of this Thesis is evident by showing that our results overcome state-of-the-art in static and mobile scenarios, as well as, the impact of the proposed solutions is a step forward in at least two new research areas so-called Internet of Mobile Things (IoMT) and Social IoT, where devices move around and do social ties respectively. Moreover, during the Ph.D. degree, the author has contributed to different computer network fields rather than routing by publishing in areas like social networks, smart cities, intelligent transportation systems, software-defined networks, and parallel computing.

The manner of use, the uses and sub-uses of terms in social sciences: from the functional approach to natural language to applied semiotics and the philosophy of science

Semiotica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Roman Węsierski
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Natural Language ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Functional Approach ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
The One ◽  
New Research ◽  
Language Context

Abstract The functional approach to natural language (FANL) emerged in the late 1960s. It focused on the use and the sub-use of language expressions, taking into account role of the language context and the extra-linguistic situation of a given statements. This approach referred, both conceptually and methodologically, to the tradition of British analytical philosophy of language on the one hand, and to the achievements of the Lvov-Warsaw School on the other. It seems that despite the passage of more than half a century since its inception, this approach has lost nothing of its relevance and its cognitive value, and may even provide inspiration for the exploration new research areas concerning the formulation of language utterances. The aim of this article is to show the potential applications of the FANL as a specific semiotic concept in the field of the philosophy of social sciences. The paper points out how the functional conception can be successfully used in methodological analyses of the logical methodology of social sciences. The case studies presented in the article refer to the research practice of social sciences. Examples of the use and sub-uses of terms are discussed in the light of the polyparadigmatic structure of social sciences and the differences in research patterns accepted by given scientific collectives.

scholarly journals Designing a gamified reading app with pupils in elementary school

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
Bassant El Naggar ◽  
Kay Berkling
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Adult Students ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
After School ◽  
Mobile Games ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Reading Text ◽  
Skill Mastery ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

Playing games on mobile devices has become an integral part of younger generations’ lives. Mobile games foster, among other things, deep concentration. This paper reports on design guidelines derived from observations of six elementary school pupils’ engagement over a six-week period during an after-school reading club program. Each meeting consisted of three activities as well as reading text on the Microsoft immersive reader on an iPad, and playing a competitive reading game app, ‘Henry rennt’, which are both designed to support reading. Pupils were engaged in informal conversation with the researchers about both applications, and the authors informally observed the pupils’ engagement with the apps and each other. Patterns of engagement and comments from pupils informed the design of a new reading app. This work reports these general patterns and concludes with new research areas to pursue as a result, including the impact of: social setting on playing, in-game teaching with avatars on engagement, and speed as a measurement of skill mastery. Finally, the applicability of children’s engagement patterns is validated with adult students of German as a second language who used the app.

scholarly journals DIGITALIZATION AND VIRTUALIZATION OF THE LIFEWORLD: ASSESSMENTS AND POSITIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 129-136
Author(s):  
O.V. Kataeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Scientific Technical ◽  
Digital Objects ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

The development of digital technologies, the emergence of digital objects, their increasing influence on society, culture and people determine changes in various spheres of social and human life. The concepts of digitalization and virtualization are used to describe these processes. The article is aimed at consideration of the impact of modern technologies on the culture and lifeworld of a person. For this, an analysis of the concepts of digitalization, virtualization and virtualization of the lifeworld is carried out, as well as approaches and assessments of these processes presented in the philosophical literature are proposed. The article uses the works of Russian (Ivanov D. V., Kasavina N. A., Mironov V. V., Leshkevich T. G., Sokuler Z. A., Frolov A. V.) and Western researchers (A. Kirby, Yuk Hui, O. Ollinaho, E. Schmidt, J. Cohen). The methodological basis is the principle of sociocultural determination, which determines the impact of the modern digital era on the lifeworld of a person, as well as the semantic analysis of the concepts. The main findings are as follows. First, digitalization and virtualization are two interconnected processes, while virtualization is driven by digitalization. Secondly, the concept of digitalization means the modern stage of scientific, technical and technological development, the concept of virtualization is endowing all spheres of human life with the features of virtual reality, the concept of virtualization of the lifeworld is the addition and change of the lifeworld of a person with the world of virtual reality. Thirdly, digital objects and technologies determine the emergence of new research areas — digital ontology and digimodernism. Fourthly, digitalization and virtualization of the lifeworld receive both positive (expanding the possibilities for personal development, saving resources, etc.) and negative assessments (replacing the real world with a virtual one, lack of integrity of consciousness, Internet addiction). Opposite assessments problematize the study of these processes from the standpoint of both ontology and the theory of knowledge, and axiology, ethics, philosophy of science and technology.

Pandemic Management Using Artificial Intelligence-Based Safety Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-110
Author(s):  
Megha Nain ◽  
Shilpa Sharma ◽  
Sandeep Chaurasia
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Worldwide Population ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Impact

The pandemic corona virus disease (COVID-19) caused by the virus ‘SARS-CoV-2' continues affecting the health and affluence of the worldwide population. The role of artificial intelligence in improving safety and health conditions has been studied in the chapter. The various fields of artificial intelligence such as machine learning, computer vision, deep learning, and natural language processing are contributing to almost every field ranging from healthcare, agriculture, automotive, astronomy, and many others. For overcoming a global outbreak such as COVID-19, conventional approaches are not feasible enough, and therefore the requirement for the more robust and automated techniques for making predictions in advance is essential. The vision of this chapter is to assess and survey the impact of artificial intelligence-based approaches in the management of pandemics and recommend procedures for the enhancement of the currently used techniques along with the imminent research areas in artificial intelligence for controlling pandemics.

(When) Does Third-Party Recognition for Design Excellence Affect Financial Performance in Business-to-Business Markets?

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 108-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Eric Boyd ◽  
P.K. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Firm Value ◽  
Demand Uncertainty ◽  
Chief Executive ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Demand Shock ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Business To Business

Third-party recognition for design excellence is often viewed as an event triggering the success of a product with a good design. However, evidence from extant research raises doubt as to whether this form of recognition matters in business-to-business (B2B) markets. Using a demand shock conceptualization to capture the signaling role and demand uncertainty of such recognition, this research argues that third-party recognition for design excellence does create firm value in B2B markets. The effect varies, however, depending on certain types of chief executive officer functional experience (market and finance) and the criteria used by third parties in judging design superiority. Model-free evidence and matched-sample analysis provides empirical evidence in support of the demand shock perspective and the hypothesized effects. The research adds a new theoretical conceptualization describing the impact of third-party recognition for design excellence and unveils several new research areas. Managerially, the results identify several new facilitating conditions that enable B2B firms to create greater value from an innovation strategy based on superior design.

scholarly journals Trends in In Silico Approaches to the Prediction of Biologically Active Peptides in Meat and Meat Products as an Important Factor for Preventing Food-Related Chronic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11236
Author(s):  
Paulina Kęska ◽  
Waldemar Gustaw ◽  
Joanna Stadnik
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
New Research ◽  
The Impact

The increasing awareness of modern consumers regarding the nutritional and health value of food has changed their preferences, as well their requirements, for food products, including meat and meat products. Expanding the knowledge on the impact of food on human health is currently one of the most important research areas for scientists worldwide, and it is also of interest to consumers who want to consciously compose their daily diets. New research methods, such as in silico techniques, offer solutions to these new challenges. These research methods are preferred over food evaluation, e.g., from meat, because of their advantages, such as low costs, shorter analysis times, and general availability (e.g., online databases), and are often used to design in vitro and, subsequently, in vivo tests. This review focuses on the possible use of in silico computerized methods to assess the potential of food as a source of these health-relevant biomolecules by using examples from the literature on meat and meat products. This review also provides information and important suggestions for analyzing peptides in terms of assessing their best sources, and screening those resistant to digestive factors and that show biological activity. The information provided in this review could contribute to the development of new sources of foods as biomolecules important for preventing or treating food-related chronic diseases, such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes.

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