Unified Classification of Molecular, Network, and Endocrine Features of Hypothalamic Neurons

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman A. Romanov ◽  
Alán Alpár ◽  
Tomas Hökfelt ◽  
Tibor Harkany
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypothalamic Neurons ◽  
Efficient Coding ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Available Information

Peripheral endocrine output relies on either direct or feed-forward multi-order command from the hypothalamus. Efficient coding of endocrine responses is made possible by the many neuronal cell types that coexist in intercalated hypothalamic nuclei and communicate through extensive synaptic connectivity. Although general anatomical and neurochemical features of hypothalamic neurons were described during the past decades, they have yet to be reconciled with recently discovered molecular classifiers and neurogenetic function determination. By interrogating magnocellular as well as parvocellular dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and phenotypically mixed neurons, we integrate available information at the molecular, cellular, network, and endocrine output levels to propose a framework for the comprehensive classification of hypothalamic neurons. Simultaneously, we single out putative neuronal subclasses for which future research can fill in existing gaps of knowledge to rationalize cellular diversity through function-determinant molecular marks in the hypothalamus.

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Approach for the Classification of Neuronal Cell Types

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio P. Buccino ◽  
Torbjorn V. Ness ◽  
Gaute T. Einevoll ◽  
Gert Cauwenberghs ◽  
Philipp D. Hafliger
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Learning Approach

A taxonomy of value co-creation on Weibo – a communication perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 2075-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Ge ◽  
Ulrike Gretzel
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Marketing Organization ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Media Platform ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to develop a taxonomy of value co-creation types occurring in firm-customer interactions on social media. Design/methodology/approach In total, 570 destination marketing organization (DMO)-initiated posts on Weibo and 3,137 responses were collected to develop a taxonomy by conducting qualitative empirical-to-conceptual analysis. To apply the taxonomy through conceptual-to-empirical analysis, 100 DMO-initiated posts and 823 responses were collected. Findings The communication-focused value co-creation taxonomy shows a variety of co-creators, verbal and non-verbal communicative co-creation actions facilitated by social media, and different co-created value types. Research limitations/implications This study used a single social media platform and selected three DMOs’ Weibo accounts. Future research should focus on other types of firms and different social media platforms. Practical implications This study used a single social media platform and selected three DMOs’ Weibo accounts. Future research should focus on other types of firms and different social media platforms. Originality/value This study enriches the tourism literature and the general marketing literature by examining value co-creation from a communication perspective and provides a comprehensive classification of value co-creation opportunities on social media.

Collecting and analysing marriage and birth data: Women in pre-revolution Rheims, France

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Antoinette Fauve-Chamoux
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Female Labour ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Life Trajectory ◽  
Birth Data ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comprehensive Classification ◽  
The City ◽  
Textile Sector

Based on her earlier work on the city of Rheims in Champagne, France—a Family Reconstitution study covering all social scales—the article proposes a new comprehensive classification of reconstructed female life courses from the author’s existing and refreshed nominative database (1668–1802). This fresh scrutiny of digital files will allow series of qualitative and quantitative approaches, making hopefully preindustrial urban women at last visible along their individual life-trajectory. Thanks to rich archival sources, socio-demographic trends are better known, including a general early shift to contraceptive behaviour in pre-1789 Rheims. At the end of the Ancien Régime, there was growing individual female labour migration to this major town of Western Europe. It was attracted by domestic service and the textile sector. The sex ratio became so unbalanced that many women remained single, and only a few widows remarried. Numerous women managed their living without a husband, through the many economic and sanitary crises which characterised the period.

AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK FOR THE STUDY OF ORGANIZATIONAL INNOVATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 09 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250003 ◽  
Author(s):  
SONNY S. ARISS ◽  
VAFA SABOORI DEILAMI
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Innovation ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
The Many ◽  
Comprehensive Classification

Despite the many attempts of researchers to integrate the innovation literature, it continues to be fragmented and its results not cumulative. After a thorough review of the literature, this article proposes an integrative framework that reconciles the theories of innovation by having the types of innovation on one dimension and the degrees of innovation on the other dimension to reduce the confusion in the field and further the development of a workable theory of innovation management. The many factors that influence innovation are then identified and categorized along a four-by-four framework to lead to a comprehensive classification that will reduce the ambiguity and inconsistency in the innovation literature. The implications of this framework for future research on innovation as a profitable product or service are addressed.

scholarly journals Neuronal cell fate diversification controlled by sub-temporal action of Kruppel

eLife ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Stratmann ◽  
Hugo Gabilondo ◽  
Jonathan Benito-Sipos ◽  
Stefan Thor
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
System Development ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Distinct Cell ◽  
Embryonic Nervous System ◽  
The Many ◽  
Temporal Program

During Drosophila embryonic nervous system development, neuroblasts express a programmed cascade of five temporal transcription factors that govern the identity of cells generated at different time-points. However, these five temporal genes fall short of accounting for the many distinct cell types generated in large lineages. Here, we find that the late temporal gene castor sub-divides its large window in neuroblast 5–6 by simultaneously activating two cell fate determination cascades and a sub-temporal regulatory program. The sub-temporal program acts both upon itself and upon the determination cascades to diversify the castor window. Surprisingly, the early temporal gene Kruppel acts as one of the sub-temporal genes within the late castor window. Intriguingly, while the temporal gene castor activates the two determination cascades and the sub-temporal program, spatial cues controlling cell fate in the latter part of the 5–6 lineage exclusively act upon the determination cascades.

scholarly journals HAZARDOUS PROPERTIES OF BROMINATED, PHOSPHORUS, CHLORINATED, NITROGEN AND MINERAL FLAME RETARDANTS IN PLASTICS WHICH MAY HINDER THEIR RECYCLING

Detritus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Pierre Hennebert
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Concentration Limit ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
Sorting Process ◽  
The Many ◽  
Registration Dossier ◽  
Available Information

Flame retardants are numerous and some of them are (re)classified with time as hazardous for the man and the environment. A list of 69 flame retardants used in EU was set from three sources and their chemical properties were searched in their registration dossier at ECHA. Substance self-classifications (hazard statement assignment by the registrant) frequently indicate no hazard or data not available, while for the same substances a re-evaluation by ECHA is underway as persistent, bioaccumulative, toxic or endocrine disruptor. When the substance has hazard statement(s), the concentration that triggers the classification of a plastic as hazardous when it is a waste can be compared to the functional concentration, when available. Registration dossiers should be completed for the many “non-available” information. Of these 69 substances, 12 (= 17%) are used at concentrations greater than those making plastic waste hazardous and 13 (= 19%) are under re-evaluation by ECHA. These 12 or 13 substances should not become “legacy” substances which hinder the recycling of plastics. The sorting (mainly by density) and management options of these flame-retarded plastics are discussed. The technical concentration limit of 2000 mg total Br/kg for sorting should not be modified as it includes all organobromine substances currently reassessed by ECHA. A two-step sorting process is necessary to avoid the loss of non-hazardous dense plastics.

scholarly journals Topological Sholl Descriptors for Neuronal Clustering and Classification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reem Khalil ◽  
Sadok Kallel ◽  
Ahmad Farhat ◽  
Paweł Dłotko
Keyword(s):  
Metric Spaces ◽  
Metric Learning ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neuronal Morphology ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Clustering And Classification

Variations in neuronal morphology among cell classes, brain regions, and animal species are thought to underlie known heterogeneities in neuronal function. Thus, accurate quantitative descriptions and classification of large sets of neurons is essential for functional characterization. However, unbiased computational methods to classify groups of neurons are currently scarce. We introduce a novel, robust, and unbiased method to study neuronal morphologies. We develop mathematical descriptors that quantitatively characterize structural differences among neuronal cell types and thus classify them. Each descriptor that is assigned to a neuron is a function of a distance from the soma with values in real numbers or more general metric spaces. Standard clustering methods enhanced with detection and metric learning algorithms are then used to objectively cluster and classify neurons. Our results illustrate a practical and effective approach to the classification of diverse neuronal cell types, with the potential for discovery of putative subclasses of neurons.

K-MEANS CLUSTERING ALGORITHM BASED CLASSIFICATION OF SOIL FERTILITY IN NORTH WEST NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 780-787
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hassan Hayatu ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed ◽  
Barroon Ahmad Isma’eel ◽  
Sahabi Yusuf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
North West ◽  
R Programming ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Northwest Region ◽  
The Relationship

Soil fertility determines a plant's development process that guarantees food sufficiency and the security of lives and properties through bumper harvests. The fertility of soil varies according to regions, thereby determining the type of crops to be planted. However, there is no repository or any source of information about the fertility of the soil in any region in Nigeria especially the Northwest of the country. The only available information is soil samples with their attributes which gives little or no information to the average farmer. This has affected crop yield in all the regions, more particularly the Northwest region, thus resulting in lower food production.  Therefore, this study is aimed at classifying soil data based on their fertility in the Northwest region of Nigeria using R programming. Data were obtained from the department of soil science from Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. The data contain 400 soil samples containing 13 attributes. The relationship between soil attributes was observed based on the data. K-means clustering algorithm was employed in analyzing soil fertility clusters. Four clusters were identified with cluster 1 having the highest fertility, followed by 2 and the fertility decreases with an increasing number of clusters. The identification of the most fertile clusters will guide farmers on where best to concentrate on when planting their crops in order to improve productivity and crop yield.

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