scholarly journals Climate Change and Conflict

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 343-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vally Koubi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Substantial Agreement ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

The link between climate change and conflict has been discussed intensively in academic literature during the past decade. This review aims to provide a clearer picture of what the research community currently has to say with regard to this nexus. It finds that the literature has not detected a robust and general effect linking climate to conflict onset. Substantial agreement exists that climatic changes contribute to conflict under some conditions and through certain pathways. In particular, the literature shows that climatic conditions breed conflict in fertile grounds: in regions dependent on agriculture and in combination and interaction with other socioeconomic and political factors such as a low level of economic development and political marginalization. Future research should continue to investigate how climatic changes interact with and/or are conditioned by socioeconomic, political, and demographic settings to cause conflict and uncover the causal mechanisms that link these two phenomena.

The Energy Politics of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 532-561
Author(s):  
Lydia Powell
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
Energy Politics ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Poor Outcomes

While it is not surprising that political factors shape the Indian energy landscape, few systematic attempts have been made to address exactly what interests most heavily influence energy choices and the precise nature of their impacts. Available research suggests that scholars need to move beyond simplistic explanations, such as lack of political will or capacity constraints, and recognize a broader set of interacting social, structural, institutional, and political agency variables. The technocratic analyses and projections based on simulation models that dominate the academic literature neglect political and social perspectives as unscientific, esoteric, or theoretical. Thus this chapter argues that future research should focus on political and economic power relations at the national, regional, and domestic levels when tracking poor outcomes of energy choices and policies. In the future, an emphasis on theoretically informed analysis will deepen understanding of hard choices related to the equitable distribution of energy in India and also facilitate implementation of more progressive energy policies.

scholarly journals Application of dendroclimatology in evaluation of climatic changes

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleghi Mohammad Reza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tree Rings ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
High Degree

The present study tends to describe the survey of climatic changes in the case of the Bojnourd region of North Khorasan, Iran. Climate change due to a fragile ecosystem in semi-arid and arid regions such as Iran is one of the most challenging climatological and hydrological problems. Dendrochronology, which uses tree rings to their exact year of formation to analyse temporal and spatial patterns of processes in the physical and cultural sciences, can be used to evaluate the effects of climate change. In this study, the effects of climate change were simulated using dendrochronology (tree rings) and an artificial neural network (ANN) for the period from 1800 to 2015. The present study was executed using the Quercus castaneifolia C.A. Meyer. Tree-ring width, temperature, and precipitation were the input parameters for the study, and climate change parameters were the outputs. After the training process, the model was verified. The verified network and tree rings were used to simulate climatic parameter changes during the past times. The results showed that the integration of dendroclimatology and an ANN renders a high degree of accuracy and efficiency in the simulation of climate change. The results showed that in the last two centuries, the climate of the study area changed from semiarid to arid, and its annual precipitation decreased significantly.

scholarly journals Adaptive capacity of Arctic communities in the context of climate change and shipping growth: A review of Russian and Western literature

Polar Record ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Research ◽  
English Only ◽  
The Past ◽  
Arctic Communities ◽  
Circumpolar Arctic

Abstract Throughout the past two decades, the number of studies examining the adaptive capacity of Arctic communities in the context of climate change has been increasing; however, little is known about Arctic communities’ ability to adapt to certain emerging changes, such as increased shipping activity. To address this knowledge gap, this study systematically analyses published scientific articles on community adaptive capacity in circumpolar Arctic, including articles published in Russian which may not be captured in English-only reviews. Throughout this review, the study focuses on three areas: the development of the adaptive capacity framework; the conditions that enable community adaption abilities; and the extent to which shipping developments are addressed in the literature. This study demonstrates that the adaptive capacity framework has been significantly developed both theoretically and methodologically and is broadly used to address new types of climatic and non-climatic changes. Though the impacts from the shipping development are discussed in some studies, there is a clear need for further examination of coastal communities’ ability to adapt to such changes. Additionally, the study reveals limitations in the application of the Western conceptual terminology when exploring community-based research by Russian scholars.

scholarly journals Conceptualizing E-Government from Local Government Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aroon P. Manoharan ◽  
Alex Ingrams
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
Information And Communication

Over the past two decades, governments have used information and communication technologies (ICTs) to integrate their internal functions and improve their delivery of services. Scholars and practitioners have conceptualized these various ICT trends and referred to them collectively as e-government. As the number of citizens using the Internet and mobile technologies increases, the public sector is constantly innovating to keep pace with the changing technologies and citizens’ expectations. This essay reviews the academic literature on e-government among local governments and explores the issues related to its adoption and implementation. Adopting an e-government stages perspective with attention to institutional capacity, the essay examines the factors and determinants of local e-government success. The essay concludes with directions for future research on e-government and innovation in local governments.

Impaction of Climate Change on Asphalt Pavements

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 617-622
Author(s):  
Er Hu Yan ◽  
Fu Pu Li ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Fei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Asphalt Cement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Change Climate

Climate change is one of the most key global topics well-known in international community. Over the past decades years, the change climate and its impact on asphalt pavement in China is very obvious. Many expressways of asphalt pavement come forth severe rutting failure during only a few days of extensive, long-lasting, extreme heat wave in summer, which resulting in the change of asphalt cement specification and the selection practice of asphalt cement. So it is necessary to review climate change and its impact in the past, and forecast the probable situation in the future. The paper focuses specifically on the issue of asphalt binder selection under changing climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Climate Smart Crops for Food Security

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saima Rashid ◽  
Muhammad Bin Mushtaq ◽  
Iqra Farooq ◽  
Zulqurnain Khan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Past

After ensuring the food security for over 50 years, the green revolution is eventually reaching its biological limits which are very much reflected by the ongoing stagnancy in yield increased over the past few decades. Meeting the increasing food demands due to increasing population is the greatest challenge for today’s plant scientists. Changing climatic conditions are posing additional threats to crop growth, productivity and yield. After successfully deploying gene editing to modify simple traits, scientists are now embarked on more ambitious adventures in genomics to combat challenges of food security in the wake of increasing population and climate change adversaries. The chapter outlines use of new technologies in tailoring crops beyond simple traits aiming to harvest the desired diversity lost during domestication and manipulating complex traits, which evolved over evolutionary timescale with special emphasis on the development of climate smart crops.

scholarly journals Udlicitering eller egenproduktion – Hvordan forklarer den politologiske litteratur de store forskelle i kommunernes brug af private leverandører i opgaveløsningen?

Politik ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lasse Ring Christensen ◽  
Kurt Houlberg ◽  
Ole Helby Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Careful Examination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
The Past ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Service Sectors

During the past ten years, the use of contracting out by Danish municipalities has been increasing. Today, private suppliers undertake approximately one fourth of all those municipal tasks which current legislation al- lows to be contracted out. ere are signi cant variations in the usage of contracting out among local munici- palities, though, and these variations are also found internationally. In this article, we conduct a systematic and comparative review of a range of Danish and international studies of the reasons local municipalities con- tract out. We conclude that previous studies provide largely heterogeneous conclusions concerning the causes of contracting out, and, as a result of this, the academic literature have di culties explaining the signi cant di erences in the use of contracting out by municipalities. For future research we suggest a greater focus on methodological issues, establishing and testing new explanatory variables, and a more careful examination of the mechanisms explaining variation in contracting out across the technical and social service sectors. 

scholarly journals CLIMATE CHANGE: CAUSES AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (9SE) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Abha Laddha
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Extremes ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Life On Earth ◽  
Threat To Life

Global climatic changes because of human activities have become a major threat to life on Earth. Changing climatic conditions are the result of man-made activities and are continuously leading to a serious deterioration in the earth’s atmosphere. Basically it is leading to erratic climate and weather extremes, altered ecosystems and habitats and risks to human health and society. This problem can be solved only if some judicious steps are taken, including improvements to energy efficiency and vehicle fuel economy, increases in wind and solar power, hydrogen produced from renewable sources, biofuels (produced from crops), natural gas, and nuclear power.

Fingerprint-Based Attribution Study of Climatic Changes in the Hai River Basin of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5798-5804
Author(s):  
Xiang Yi Ding ◽  
Yang Wen Jia
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Sudden Change ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Forcing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Precipitation And Temperature

Many observational facts and studies have shown that the climatic conditions in the Hai River Basin, which is the political and cultural centre of China, changed significantly over last half of the 20th century. This study attempts to evaluate the variability of climatic elements such as precipitation and temperature in the basin based on observed meteorological data, and the temporal variations and sudden changes of precipitation and temperature during past 40 years (1961-2000) are analyzed combining moving-average and linear regression with Mann-Kendall method. In addition, the observed climatic changes are attributed to different factors including natural variability and anthropogenic forcing using the fingerprint-based attribution method. The results indicate that: 1) during 1961-2000, the precipitation slightly decreased and the estimated sudden change time was 1965, the temperature significantly increased and the estimated sudden change time was 1964; 2) natural climate variability may be the factors responsible for the observed precipitation changes during the past 40 years in the basin, while anthropogenic forcing may be the main factors responsible for the observed temperature changes during the past 40 years in the basin.

scholarly journals Security implications of climate change: A decade of scientific progress

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Nina von Uexkull ◽  
Halvard Buhaug
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Scientific Progress ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Causal Pathways ◽  
Conflict Risk

The study of security implications of climate change has developed rapidly from a nascent area of academic inquiry into an important and thriving research field that traverses epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. Here, we take stock of scientific progress by benchmarking the latest decade of empirical research against seven core research priorities collectively emphasized in 35 recent literature reviews. On the basis of this evaluation, we discuss key contributions of this special issue. Overall, we find that the research community has made important strides in specifying and evaluating plausible indirect causal pathways between climatic conditions and a wide set of conflict-related outcomes and the scope conditions that shape this relationship. Contributions to this special issue push the research frontier further along these lines. Jointly, they demonstrate significant climate impacts on social unrest in urban settings; they point to the complexity of the climate–migration–unrest link; they identify how agricultural production patterns shape conflict risk; they investigate understudied outcomes in relation to climate change, such as interstate claims and individual trust; and they discuss the relevance of this research for user groups across academia and beyond. We find that the long-term implications of gradual climate change and conflict potential of policy responses are important remaining research gaps that should guide future research.

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