Studying the Influence of Carbon Sources Added on a Cost Effective Route to Synthesize LiFePO4/C in a Quasi-Open Environment

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Open Environment

scholarly journals Sporulation in solventogenic and acetogenic clostridia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamou Diallo ◽  
Servé W. M. Kengen ◽  
Ana M. López-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biotechnological Production ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sporulation Initiation ◽  
Solventogenic Clostridia

AbstractThe Clostridium genus harbors compelling organisms for biotechnological production processes; while acetogenic clostridia can fix C1-compounds to produce acetate and ethanol, solventogenic clostridia can utilize a wide range of carbon sources to produce commercially valuable carboxylic acids, alcohols, and ketones by fermentation. Despite their potential, the conversion by these bacteria of carbohydrates or C1 compounds to alcohols is not cost-effective enough to result in economically viable processes. Engineering solventogenic clostridia by impairing sporulation is one of the investigated approaches to improve solvent productivity. Sporulation is a cell differentiation process triggered in bacteria in response to exposure to environmental stressors. The generated spores are metabolically inactive but resistant to harsh conditions (UV, chemicals, heat, oxygen). In Firmicutes, sporulation has been mainly studied in bacilli and pathogenic clostridia, and our knowledge of sporulation in solvent-producing or acetogenic clostridia is limited. Still, sporulation is an integral part of the cellular physiology of clostridia; thus, understanding the regulation of sporulation and its connection to solvent production may give clues to improve the performance of solventogenic clostridia. This review aims to provide an overview of the triggers, characteristics, and regulatory mechanism of sporulation in solventogenic clostridia. Those are further compared to the current knowledge on sporulation in the industrially relevant acetogenic clostridia. Finally, the potential applications of spores for process improvement are discussed.Key Points• The regulatory network governing sporulation initiation varies in solventogenic clostridia.• Media composition and cell density are the main triggers of sporulation.• Spores can be used to improve the fermentation process.

scholarly journals Simulated retrievals for the remote sensing of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O from geostationary orbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4817-4830 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xi ◽  
V. Natraj ◽  
R. L. Shia ◽  
M. Luo ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Measurement Strategies

Abstract. The Geostationary Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GeoFTS) is designed to measure high-resolution spectra of reflected sunlight in three near-infrared bands centered around 0.76, 1.6, and 2.3 μm and to deliver simultaneous retrievals of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2, CH4, CO, and H2O (denoted XCO2, XCH4, XCO, and XH2O, respectively) at different times of day over North America. In this study, we perform radiative transfer simulations over both clear-sky and all-sky scenes expected to be observed by GeoFTS and estimate the prospective performance of retrievals based on results from Bayesian error analysis and characterization. We find that, for simulated clear-sky retrievals, the average retrieval biases and single-measurement precisions are < 0.2 % for XCO2, XCH4, and XH2O, and < 2 % for XCO, when the a priori values have a bias of 3 % and an uncertainty of 3 %. In addition, an increase in the amount of aerosols and ice clouds leads to a notable increase in the retrieval biases and slight worsening of the retrieval precisions. Furthermore, retrieval precision is a strong function of signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. This simulation study can help guide decisions on the design of the GeoFTS observing system, which can result in cost-effective measurement strategies while achieving satisfactory levels of retrieval precisions and biases. The simultaneous retrievals at different times of day will be important for more accurate estimation of carbon sources and sinks on fine spatiotemporal scales and for studies related to the atmospheric component of the water cycle.

scholarly journals A Case of Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE): Biodegradation of Furfural by Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344

Genes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Isabel Igeño ◽  
Daniel Macias ◽  
Rafael Blasco
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Adaptive Laboratory Evolution ◽  
Pseudomonas Pseudoalcaligenes ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Double Recombination ◽  
Lag Period

Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes CECT 5344 is a bacterium able to assimilate cyanide as a nitrogen source at alkaline pH. Genome sequencing of this strain allowed the detection of genes related to the utilization of furfurals as a carbon and energy source. Furfural and 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural (HMF) are byproducts of sugars production during the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. Since they inhibit the yeast fermentation to obtain bioethanol from sugars, the biodegradation of these compounds has attracted certain scientific interest. P. pseudoalcaligenes was able to use furfuryl alcohol, furfural and furoic acid as carbon sources, but after a lag period of several days. Once adapted, the evolved strain (R1D) did not show any more prolonged lag phases. The transcriptomic analysis (RNA-seq) of R1D revealed a non-conservative punctual mutation (L261R) in BN5_2307, a member of the AraC family of activators, modifying the charge of the HTH region of the protein. The inactivation of the mutated gene in the evolved strain by double recombination reverted to the original phenotype. Although the bacterium did not assimilate HMF, it transformed it into value-added building blocks for the chemical industry. These results could be used to improve the production of cost-effective second-generation biofuels from agricultural wastes.

Application of Fruit Wastes as Cost-Effective Carbon Sources for Biological Sulphate Reduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Anwar Iqbal ◽  
Arshad Javid ◽  
Abdul Razaq ◽  
Sumaira Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sulphate Reduction ◽  
Fruit Wastes

scholarly journals Graphene coated magnetic nanoparticles facilitate the release of biofuels and oleochemicals from yeast cell factories

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosh Pandit ◽  
Oliver Konzock ◽  
Kirsten Leistner ◽  
VRSS Mokkapati ◽  
Alessandra Merlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yeast Cell ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Intracellular Lipids ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Cellular Lipids ◽  
Extraction Processes ◽  
Available Carbon

AbstractEngineering of microbial cells to produce high value chemicals is rapidly advancing. Yeast, bacteria and microalgae are being used to produce high value chemicals by utilizing widely available carbon sources. However, current extraction processes of many high value products from these cells are time- and labor-consuming and require toxic chemicals. This makes the extraction processes detrimental to the environment and not economically feasible. Hence, there is a demand for the development of simple, effective, and environmentally friendly method for the extraction of high value chemicals from these cell factories. Herein, we hypothesized that atomically thin edges of graphene having ability to interact with hydrophobic materials, could be used to extract high value lipids from cell factories. To achieve this, array of axially oriented graphene was deposited on iron nanoparticles. These coated nanoparticles were used to facilitate the release of intracellular lipids from Yarrowia lipolytica cells. Our treatment process can be integrated with the growth procedure and achieved the release of 50% of total cellular lipids from Y. lipolytica cells. Based on this result, we propose that nanoparticles coated with axially oriented graphene could pave efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective way to release intracellular lipids from yeast cell factories.

scholarly journals Evaluation of autotrophic and mixotrophic regimen Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells in various wastes water for its biochemical composition and biomass production

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Phour Dhull ◽  
Raman Soni ◽  
Deepak Kumar Rahi ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater

The present study investigates the possibility of integrating an existing industrial large scale biomass production with the treatment of waste water in which a mixture of organic and inorganic rich pollutants was used as a medium. This study suggests that the replacement of a defined medium with a complete mixotrophic medium gives a significant statistical difference in terms of growth parameters i.e. biomass production and specific growth rate. The green microalga C. pyrenoidosa was cultivated under different mixotrophic conditions for evaluation of biomass production. Inorganic defined fog’s medium supplemented, with raw dairy wastewater led to 1.37g/L biomass production in comparison to 1.2g/L obtained with pure glucose revealing 14.16% increase. The study also involves the supplementation of raw dairy wastewater as an organic carbon source in an inorganic medium comprising municipal treated water and reverse osmosis (RO) treated wastewater and attained 2.4g/L and 1.6g/L of biomass respectively, as compared to 0.3g/L and 0.16g/L obtained in the wastewaters alone revealing 700% and 900% increase respectively. Mixotrophic regimen cells as analyzed by a 2D Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for its biochemical content revealed that fog’s blended raw dairy waste (RDW) regimen cells had maximum Carbohydrate/Amide ratio. The study suggests that the mixotrophic regimen C. pyrenoidosa cells can show appropriate growth in a mixture of waste waters and the same comes out to be a cost effective and feasible alternative commercial medium for biomass production without requiring any expensive organic carbon sources in the culture medium.

scholarly journals Evaluation of autotrophic and mixotrophic regimen Chlorella pyrenoidosa cells in various wastes water for its biochemical composition and biomass production

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Phour Dhull ◽  
Raman Soni ◽  
Deepak Kumar Rahi ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Soni
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Chlorella Pyrenoidosa ◽  
Defined Medium ◽  
Dairy Wastewater ◽  
Treated Wastewater

The present study investigates the possibility of integrating an existing industrial large scale biomass production with the treatment of waste water in which a mixture of organic and inorganic rich pollutants was used as a medium. This study suggests that the replacement of a defined medium with a complete mixotrophic medium gives a significant statistical difference in terms of growth parameters i.e. biomass production and specific growth rate. The green microalga C. pyrenoidosa was cultivated under different mixotrophic conditions for evaluation of biomass production. Inorganic defined fog’s medium supplemented, with raw dairy wastewater led to 1.37g/L biomass production in comparison to 1.2g/L obtained with pure glucose revealing 14.16% increase. The study also involves the supplementation of raw dairy wastewater as an organic carbon source in an inorganic medium comprising municipal treated water and reverse osmosis (RO) treated wastewater and attained 2.4g/L and 1.6g/L of biomass respectively, as compared to 0.3g/L and 0.16g/L obtained in the wastewaters alone revealing 700% and 900% increase respectively. Mixotrophic regimen cells as analyzed by a 2D Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for its biochemical content revealed that fog’s blended raw dairy waste (RDW) regimen cells had maximum Carbohydrate/Amide ratio. The study suggests that the mixotrophic regimen C. pyrenoidosa cells can show appropriate growth in a mixture of waste waters and the same comes out to be a cost effective and feasible alternative commercial medium for biomass production without requiring any expensive organic carbon sources in the culture medium.

scholarly journals Simulated retrievals for the remote sensing of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, CO, and H<sub>2</sub>O from geostationary orbit

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 5809-5846
Author(s):  
X. Xi ◽  
V. Natraj ◽  
R. L. Shia ◽  
M. Luo ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
Clear Sky ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Retrieval Errors

Abstract. The Geostationary Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GeoFTS) is designed to measure high-resolution spectra of reflected sunlight in three near-infrared bands centered around 0.76, 1.6, and 2.3 μm and to deliver simultaneous retrievals of column-averaged dry air mole fractions of CO2, CH4, CO, and H2O (denoted XCO2, XCH4, XCO, and XH2O, respectively) at different times of day over North America. In this study, we perform radiative transfer simulations over both clear-sky and all-sky scenes expected to be observed by GeoFTS and estimate the prospective performance of retrievals based on results from Bayesian error analysis and characterization. We find that, for simulated clear-sky retrievals, the average retrieval errors and single-measurement precisions are < 0.2% for XCO2, XCH4, and XH2O, and < 2% for XCO, when the a priori values have a bias of 3% and an uncertainty of 3%. In addition, an increase in the amount of aerosols and ice clouds leads to a notable increase in the retrieval errors and slight worsening of the retrieval precisions. Furthermore, retrieval precision is a strong function of signal-to-noise ratio and spectral resolution. This simulation study can help guide decisions on the design of the GeoFTS observing system, which can result in cost-effective measurement strategies while achieving satisfactory levels of retrieval precisions. The simultaneous retrievals at different times of day will be important for more accurate estimation of carbon sources and sinks on fine spatiotemporal scales and for studies to better understand the close coupling between the carbon and water cycles.

A Novel Technique for Securing E-Commerce Transaction

2015 ◽  
pp. 120-138
Author(s):  
Arnab K. Maji
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Visual Cryptography ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
Digital Certificate ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Effective Manner ◽  
Use Of The Internet ◽  
Basic Network

The emergence of online businesses along with the use of the Internet as its basic network has brought new concerns and risks to the e-commerce environment. It is essential for the online companies to gain customers' trust to retain their existing e-commerce market share and provide for growth, because e-commerce transactions take place in an open environment that cannot be trusted since the network is highly vulnerable to outside security threats. The main problem of e-commerce transaction is anonymity. One may steal another's identity and get access of his confidential information such as banking password, credit card details, etc. very easily. The most convenient way to prevent such kind of identity theft is digital certificate. But that is very expensive. In this chapter, a novel attempt is made to prevent identity theft using Visual Cryptography and Steganography during e-commerce transaction, in a very cost-effective manner.

Full-Scale Application of Nitrogen Removal with Methanol as Carbon Source

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1077-1086 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Nyberg ◽  
H. Aspegren ◽  
B. Andersson ◽  
J. la C. Jansen ◽  
I.S. Villadsen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Source ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Level ◽  
Plant Configuration ◽  
Composite Samples

In Sweden many advanced sewage treatment plants for BOD and phosphorus removal have to be extended with nitrogen removal. Due to existing plant configuration and wastewater composition, denitrification with supply of an external carbon source can be a cost-effective solution in many cases. At the Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant in Malmo investigations for extensive nitrogen removal have been made in a single-sludge system with pre-precipitation and post-denitrification where methanol was added for denitrification. Results from the tests showed that a high level of nitrogen removal can be reached, and that the process was stable and easy to operate. The process application gave less supplementary cost for an extended nitrogen removal than for upgrading the plant with larger basin volumes. In order to examine the purification performance caused by the addition of methanol, the starting period was followed extensively with online nitrate sensors and daily composite samples. The development of the denitrif ication capacity of the sludge with methanol and acetate as carbon sources was followed and microbiological changes were examined microscopically. Complete denitrification was obtained after approximately one month at 10°C. The denitrification capacity of the sludge with methanol reached that of acetate after about the same time. The microscopic examination revealed a growing population of budding and/or appendaged bacteria, presumably Hyphomicrobium spp, reaching a stable maximum at the time when optimal nitrate removal occurred.

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