Reversal of sexual dimorphism in splenic T lymphocyte responses after trauma-hemorrhage with aging

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (3) ◽  
pp. C509-C516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Kahlke ◽  
Martin K. Angele ◽  
Martin G. Schwacha ◽  
Alfred Ayala ◽  
William G. Cioffi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Sham Operation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

Previous studies have demonstrated that hemorrhagic shock produces immunodepression in young male mice, whereas the immunoresponsivness in young proestrus female mice is enhanced under such conditions. This sexually dimorphic immune response to hemorrhage appears to be related to high estrogen and testosterone levels in females and males, respectively. Nonetheless, it is unknown what impact the age-related decline in the sex steroid levels has on the immune response after hemorrhage. To study this, young (2–3 mo) and aged (18–19 mo) male and female CBA/J NIA mice were subjected to laparotomy (i.e., soft tissue trauma) and hemorrhage (35 ± 5 mmHg for 90 min and fluid resuscitation) or sham operation. Twenty-four hours later, splenocyte responses were assessed in vitro. Splenic T lymphocyte responses [i.e., proliferation, interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) release] were depressed in young males and enhanced in young females after trauma-hemorrhage. In contrast, in the aged male and female groups these parameters of splenocyte function were reversed after trauma-hemorrhage (i.e., increased proliferation and IL-2 release in aged males compared with suppressed proliferation and IFN-γ release in aged females). Furthermore, the release of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10 inversely correlated with the age- and gender-related changes in splenocyte responses after trauma-hemorrhage. Thus the sexually dimorphic immune response in young males and females to trauma-hemorrhage appears to reverse as sex hormone levels decline with age.

scholarly journals Magnitude and Phenotype of Cellular Immune Responses Elicited by Recombinant Adenovirus Vectors and Heterologous Prime-Boost Regimens in Rhesus Monkeys

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 4844-4852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyan Liu ◽  
Bonnie A. Ewald ◽  
Diana M. Lynch ◽  
Matthew Denholtz ◽  
Peter Abbink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Recombinant Adenovirus ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

ABSTRACT Recombinant adenovirus serotype 5 (rAd5) vaccine vectors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other pathogens have been shown to elicit antigen-specific cellular immune responses. Rare serotype rAd vectors have also been constructed to circumvent preexisting anti-Ad5 immunity and to facilitate the development of novel heterologous rAd prime-boost regimens. Here we show that rAd5, rAd26, and rAd48 vectors elicit qualitatively distinct phenotypes of cellular immune responses in rhesus monkeys and can be combined as potent heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens. While rAd5-Gag induced primarily gamma interferon-positive (IFN-γ+) and IFN-γ+/tumor necrosis factor alpha+ (TNF-α+) T-lymphocyte responses, rAd26-Gag and rAd48-Gag induced higher proportions of interleukin-2+ (IL-2+) and polyfunctional IFN-γ+/TNF-α+/IL-2+ T-lymphocyte responses. Priming with the rare serotype rAd vectors proved remarkably effective for subsequent boosting with rAd5 vectors. These data demonstrate that the rare serotype rAd vectors elicited T-lymphocyte responses that were phenotypically distinct from those elicited by rAd5 vectors and suggest the functional relevance of polyfunctional CD8+ and CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses. Moreover, qualitative differences in cellular immune responses may prove critical in determining the overall potency of heterologous rAd prime-boost regimens.

scholarly journals CD4+ T Lymphocytes from Calves Immunized withAnaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 1 (MSP1), a Heteromeric Complex of MSP1a and MSP1b, Preferentially Recognize the MSP1a Carboxyl Terminus That Is Conserved among Strains

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 6853-6862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy C. Brown ◽  
Guy H. Palmer ◽  
Harris A. Lewin ◽  
Travis C. McGuire
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Protective Immunity ◽  
B Lymphocyte ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Major Surface Protein ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Major Surface ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

ABSTRACT Native major surface protein 1 (MSP1) of the ehrlichial pathogenAnaplasma marginale induces protective immunity in calves challenged with homologous and heterologous strains. MSP1 is a heteromeric complex of a single MSP1a protein covalently associated with MSP1b polypeptides, of which at least two (designated MSP1F1 and MSP1F3) in the Florida strain are expressed. Immunization with recombinant MSP1a and MSP1b alone or in combination fails to provide protection. The protective immunity in calves immunized with native MSP1 is associated with the development of opsonizing and neutralizing antibodies, but CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses have not been evaluated. CD4+ T lymphocytes participate in protective immunity to ehrlichial pathogens through production of gamma interferon (IFN-γ), which promotes switching to high-affinity immunoglobulin G (IgG) and activation of phagocytic cells to produce nitric oxide. Thus, an effective vaccine for A. marginaleand related organisms should contain both T- and B-lymphocyte epitopes that induce a strong memory response that can be recalled upon challenge with homologous and heterologous strains. This study was designed to determine the relative contributions of MSP1a and MSP1b proteins, which contain both variant and conserved amino acid sequences, in stimulating memory CD4+ T-lymphocyte responses in calves immunized with native MSP1. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and CD4+ T-cell lines from MSP1-immunized calves proliferated vigorously in response to the immunizing strain (Florida) and heterologous strains of A. marginale. The conserved MSP1-specific response was preferentially directed to the carboxyl-terminal region of MSP1a, which stimulated high levels of IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells. In contrast, there was either weak or no recognition of MSP1b proteins. Paradoxically, all calves developed high titers of IgG antibodies to both MSP1a and MSP1b polypeptides. These findings suggest that in calves immunized with MSP1 heteromeric complex, MSP1a-specific T lymphocytes may provide help to MSP1b-specific B lymphocytes. The data provide a basis for determining whether selected MSP1a CD4+ T-lymphocyte epitopes and selected MSP1a and MSP1b B-lymphocyte epitopes presented on the same molecule can stimulate a protective immune response.

scholarly journals Sex differences in the development and expression of a preference for familiar vocal signals in songbirds

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0243811
Author(s):  
Tomoko G. Fujii ◽  
Maki Ikebuchi ◽  
Kazuo Okanoya
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Response ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Courtship Signal ◽  
Selective Approach ◽  
Multiple Time Points ◽  
Early Developmental ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

Production and perception of birdsong critically depends on early developmental experience. In species where singing is a sexually dimorphic trait, early life song experience may affect later behavior differently between sexes. It is known that both male and female songbirds acquire a life-long memory of early song experience, though its function remains unclear. In this study, we hypothesized that male and female birds express a preference for their fathers’ song, but do so differently depending on the developmental stage. We measured preference for their father’s song over an unfamiliar one in both male and female Bengalese finches at multiple time points across ontogeny, using phonotaxis and vocal response as indices of preference. We found that in males, selective approach to their father’s song decreased as they developed while in females, it remained stable regardless of age. This may correspond to a higher sensitivity to tutor song in young males while they are learning and a retained sensitivity in females because song is a courtship signal that is used throughout life. In addition, throughout development, males vocalized less frequently during presentation of their father’s song compared to unfamiliar song, whereas females emitted more calls to their father’s song. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of why songbirds acquire and maintain such a robust song memory.

scholarly journals Polarization of Allogeneic T-Cell Responses by Influenza Virus-Infected Dendritic Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 74 (17) ◽  
pp. 7738-7744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangkon Oh ◽  
Maryna C. Eichelberger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Type Response

ABSTRACT The developing immune response in the lymph nodes of mice infected with influenza virus has both Th1- and Th2-type characteristics. Modulation of the interactions between antigen-presenting cells and T cells is one mechanism that may alter the quality of the immune response. We have previously shown that the ability of dendritic cells (DC) to stimulate the proliferation of alloreactive T cells is changed by influenza virus due to viral neuraminidase (NA) activity. Here we show that DC infected with influenza virus A/PR/8/34 (PR8) stimulate T cells to produce different types of cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Optimal amounts of the Th1-type cytokines interleukin-2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) were produced from T cells stimulated by DC infected with low doses of PR8, while the Th2-type cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were produced only in response to DC infected with high doses of PR8. IL-2 and IFN-γ levels corresponded with T-cell proliferation and were dependent on the activity of viral NA on the DC surface. In contrast, IL-4 secretion required the treatment of T cells with NA. Since viral particles were released only from DC that are infected with high doses of PR8, our results suggest that viral NA on newly formed virus particles desialylates T-cell surface molecules to facilitate a Th2-type response. These results suggest that the activity of NA may contribute to the mixed Th-type response observed during influenza virus infection.

scholarly journals Expression of interleukin 2 receptors and binding of interleukin 2 by gamma interferon-induced human leukemic and normal monocytic cells.

1985 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 1111-1116 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Herrmann ◽  
S A Cannistra ◽  
H Levine ◽  
J D Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Human Monocytes ◽  
Monocytic Cells ◽  
Normal Human

Gamma interferon induced surface expression of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptors on normal human monocytes and the monocytoid cell lines U937 and HL60. These receptors were detected by anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies, and U937 IL-2 receptors were indistinguishable from T lymphocyte IL-2 receptors by immunoprecipitation. Also, U937 IL-2 receptors bound biologically active IL-2. These results suggest a role for monocyte IL-2 receptors in T cell/monocyte interaction during an immune response.

scholarly journals Predominance of Th1 Immune Response in Pleural Effusion of Patients with Tuberculosis among Other Exudative Etiologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius da Cunha Lisboa ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves ◽  
Raquel da Silva Corrêa ◽  
Isabelle Ramos Lopes ◽  
Thiago Thomaz Mafort ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Pleural tuberculosis (PlTB), a common form of extrapulmonary TB, remains a challenge in the diagnosis among many causes of pleural effusion. We recently reported that the combinatorial analysis of interferon gamma (IFN-γ), IFN-γ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) from the pleural microenvironment was useful to distinguish pleural effusion caused by TB (microbiologically confirmed or not) among other etiologies. In this cross-sectional cohort study, a set of inflammatory mediators was quantified in blood and pleural fluid (PF) from exudative pleural effusion cases, including PlTB (n = 27) and non-PlTB (nTB) (n = 25) patients. The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), IP-10, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β), and ADA were determined using cytometric bead assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or biochemical tests. IFN-γ, IP-10, TNF, TGF-β, and ADA quantified in PF showed significantly higher concentrations in PlTB patients than in nTB patients. When blood and PF were compared, significantly higher concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 in PF were identified in both groups. TGF-β, solely, showed significantly increased levels in PF and blood from PlTB patients when both clinical specimens were compared to those from nTB patients. Principal-component analysis (PCA) revealed a T helper type 1 (Th1) pattern attributed mainly to higher levels of IP-10, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF in the pleural cavity, which was distinct between PlTB and nTB. In conclusion, our findings showed a predominantly cellular immune response in PF from TB cases, rather than other causes of exudative effusion commonly considered in the differential diagnosis of PlTB.

scholarly journals Bovine Immune Response to Inoculation with Neospora caninum Surface Antigen SRS2 Lipopeptides Mimics Immune Response to Infection with Live Parasites

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy V. Baszler ◽  
Varda Shkap ◽  
Waithaka Mwangi ◽  
Christopher J. Davies ◽  
Bruce A. Mathison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
T Lymphocyte Activation ◽  
T Lymphocyte Proliferation ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Infection of cattle with Neospora caninum protozoa, the causative agent of bovine protozoal abortion, results in robust cellular and humoral immune responses, particularly CD4+ T-lymphocyte activation and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) secretion. In the present study, N. caninum SRS2 (NcSRS2) T-lymphocyte-epitope-bearing subunits were incorporated into DNA and peptide preparations to assess CD4+ cell proliferation and IFN-γ T-lymphocyte-secretion immune responses in cattle with predetermined major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genotypes. In order to optimize dendritic-cell processing, NcSRS2 DNA vaccine was delivered with granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor and Flt3 ligand adjuvant. The synthesized NcSRS2 peptides were coupled with a palmitic acid molecule (lipopeptide) and delivered with Freund's adjuvant. Cattle vaccinated with NcSRS2 DNA vaccine alone did not induce T-lymphocyte activation or IFN-γ secretion, whereas subsequent booster inoculation with NcSRS2-lipopeptides induced robust NcSRS2-specific immune responses. Compared to the response in control animals, NcSRS2-lipopeptide-immunized cattle had significantly increased NcSRS2-specific T-lymphocyte proliferation, numbers of IFN-γ-secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and IgG2a antibody levels. The findings show that N. caninum NcSRS2 subunits bearing T-lymphocyte epitopes induced cell-mediated immune responses similar to the protective immune responses previously described against live parasite infection, namely T-lymphocyte activation and IFN-γ secretion. The findings support the investigation of NcSRS2 immunogens for protection against N. caninum-induced fetal infection and abortion in cattle.

Characterization of a factor(s) which synergizes with recombinant interleukin 2 in promoting allogeneic human cytolytic T-lymphocyte responses in vitro

1988 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry L. Wong ◽  
Darien E. Wilson ◽  
James C. Jenson ◽  
Philip C. Familletti ◽  
Donna L. Stremlo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Cytolytic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Recombinant Interleukin 2 ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

scholarly journals Control of Heterologous Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chimpanzees Is Associated with the Quality of Vaccine-Induced Peripheral T-Helper Immune Response

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Rollier ◽  
E. Depla ◽  
J. A. R. Drexhage ◽  
E. J. Verschoor ◽  
B. E. Verstrepen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
T Helper ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Ns3 Protein ◽  
Ifn Γ

ABSTRACT Prophylactic hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine trials with human volunteers are pending. There is an important need for immunological end points which correlate with vaccine efficacy and which do not involve invasive procedures, such as liver biopsies. By using a multicomponent DNA priming-protein boosting vaccine strategy, naïve chimpanzees were immunized against HCV structural proteins (core, E1, and E2) as well as a nonstructural (NS3) protein. Following immunization, exposure to the heterologous HCV 1b J4 subtype resulted in a peak of plasma viremia which was lower in both immunized animals. Compared to the naïve infection control and nine additional historical controls which became chronic, vaccinee 2 (Vac2) rapidly resolved the infection, while the other (Vac1) clearly controlled HCV infection. Immunization induced antibodies, peptide-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ), protein-specific lymphoproliferative responses, IFN-γ, interleukin-2 (IL-2), and IL-4 T-helper responses in both vaccinees. However, the specificities were markedly different: Vac2 developed responses which were lower in magnitude than those of Vac1 but which were biased towards Th1-type cytokine responses for E1 and NS3. This proof-of-principle study in chimpanzees revealed that immunization with a combination of nonstructural and structural antigens elicited T-cell responses associated with an alteration of the course of infection. Our findings provide data to support the concept that the quality of the response to conserved epitopes and the specific nature of the peripheral T-helper immune response are likely pivotal factors influencing the control and clearance of HCV infection.

scholarly journals Dissection of the proliferative and differentiative signals controlling murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses.

1982 ◽  
Vol 155 (6) ◽  
pp. 1876-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Wagner ◽  
C Hardt ◽  
B T Rouse ◽  
M Röllinghoff ◽  
P Scheurich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
T Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Cell ◽  
Con A ◽  
Dependent Cell ◽  
Cell Differentiation Factor ◽  
Lymphocyte Responses

Evidence is presented that interleukin 2 (IL-2) is not sufficient to cause the differentiation of primary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Sources of IL-2 were compared for their ability to cause proliferation as well as differentiation into CTL. Whereas all factors caused proliferation, only the crude Con A supernatant had cytotoxic T cell differentiation factor (CTDF) activity. Furthermore, factors absorbed with an IL-2-dependent cell line to remove IL-2 still retained CTDF activity. Thus, IL-2 functions to cause clonal expansion of CTL precursors preactivated by antigen or mitogen, but for their differentiation into CTL, an additional factor is required, here called CTDF.

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