scholarly journals Adaptive facultative diet-induced thermogenesis in wild-type but not in UCP1-ablated mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 313 (5) ◽  
pp. E515-E527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella von Essen ◽  
Erik Lindsund ◽  
Barbara Cannon ◽  
Jan Nedergaard
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Obesogenic Diet ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Beige Adipose Tissue

The significance of diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT) for metabolic control is still debated. Although obesogenic diets recruit UCP1 and adrenergically inducible thermogenesis, and although the absence of UCP1 may promote the development of obesity, no actual UCP1-related thermogenesis identifiable as diet-induced thermogenesis has to date been unambiguously demonstrated. Examining mice living at thermoneutrality, we have identified a process of facultative (directly elicited by acute eating), adaptive (magnitude develops over weeks on an obesogenic diet), and fully UCP1-dependent thermogenesis. We found no evidence for UCP1-independent diet-induced thermogenesis. The thermogenesis was proportional to the total amount of UCP1 protein in brown adipose tissue and was not dependent on any contribution of UCP1 in brite/beige adipose tissue, since no UCP1 protein was found there under these conditions. Total UCP1 protein amount developed proportionally to total body fat content. The physiological messenger linking obesity level and acute eating to increased thermogenesis is not known. Thus UCP1-dependent diet-induced thermogenesis limits obesity development during exposure to obesogenic diets but does not prevent obesity as such.

Total body fat content and fat topography are associated differently with in vivo glucose metabolism in nonobese and obese nondiabetic women

Diabetes ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1151-1159 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bonora ◽  
S. Del Prato ◽  
R. C. Bonadonna ◽  
G. Gulli ◽  
A. Solini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Compensation for partial lipectomy in mice with genetic alterations of leptin and its receptor subtypes

2002 ◽  
Vol 283 (5) ◽  
pp. R1094-R1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth B. S. Harris ◽  
Dorothy B. Hausman ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Feedback Signal ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

One hypothesis for the regulation of total body fat suggests that leptin is a lipostatic feedback signal that acts at brain sites involved in regulation of energy balance. The importance of leptin in recovery from partial surgical lipectomy was tested by performing bilateral epididymal lipectomy or sham surgery on wild-type and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. Eight weeks later, nonexcised pads of lipectomized mice were increased but total carcass fat was lower than in sham-operated ob/ob mice. In experiment 2, ob/ob mice, wild-type mice, and two db/db mutants, C57BL/6J dbLepr/dbLepr (BL/6J) mice possessing short-form and circulating leptin receptors and C57BL/6J db3J/db3J (BL/3J) mice expressing only circulating receptors, were lipectomized or sham operated. Sixteen weeks later, body mass and carcass lipid were not different between sham and lipectomized ob/ob mice, wild-type mice, or BL/6J db/db mice, whereas there was incomplete (decreased carcass fat) but suggestive recovery (increased retroperitoneal fat mass and cell number) in lipectomized BL/3J db/db mice. These data indicate that leptin is not required for the regulation of total body fat.

Oxygen consumption, activity and body fat in normal and hairless mice

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Hairless Mice ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Consumption Activity ◽  
Total Body

The oxygen consumption and spontaneous activity of A2G ( hr/+), A2G ( hr/hr) and NMRI mice in groups of 2, 3, or 5 were measured, and body fat content was also determined. Average rates of oxygen consumption were found to be lowest in the A2G ( hr/+) and highest in the A2G ( hr/hr) mice, and conversely for the proportion of total body fat. There was no difference in activity of A2G ( hr/+) and A2G ( hr/hr), but the NMRI mice were more active.

White adipose tissue sensory nerve denervation mimics lipectomy-induced compensatory increases in adiposity

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. R514-R520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifei Shi ◽  
Timothy J. Bartness
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Sensory Innervation ◽  
Siberian Hamsters ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Lipid Stores ◽  
The Brain

The sensory innervation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is indicated by the labeling of sensory bipolar neurons in the dorsal root ganglion after retrograde dye placement into WAT. In addition, immunoreactivity (ir) for sensory-associated neuropeptides such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P in WAT pads also supports the notion of WAT sensory innervation. The function of this sensory innervation is unknown but could involve conveying the degree of adiposity to the brain. In tests of total body fat regulation, partial surgical lipectomy triggers compensatory increases in the mass of nonexcised WAT, ultimately resulting in restoration of total body fat levels in Siberian hamsters and other animals. The signal that triggers this compensation is unknown but could involve disruption of WAT sensory innervation that accompanies lipectomy. Therefore, a local and selective sensory denervation was accomplished by microinjecting the sensory nerve neurotoxin capsaicin bilaterally into epididymal WAT (EWAT) of Siberian hamsters, whereas controls received vehicle injections. Additional hamsters had bilateral EWAT lipectomy (EWATx) or sham lipectomy. As seen previously, EWATx resulted in significantly increased retroperitoneal WAT (RWAT) and inguinal WAT (IWAT) masses. Capsaicin treatment significantly decreased CGRP- but not tyrosine hydroxylase-ir, attesting to the diminished and selective sensory innervation. Capsaicin-treated hamsters also had increased RWAT and, to a lesser degree, IWAT mass largely mimicking the WAT mass increases seen after lipectomy. Collectively, these data suggest the possibility that information related to peripheral lipid stores may be conveyed to the brain via the sensory innervation of WAT.

scholarly journals Rabbit Lines Divergently Selected for Total Body Fat Content: Correlated Responses on Growth Performance and Carcass Traits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1815
Author(s):  
Rozália Kasza ◽  
Tamás Donkó ◽  
Zsolt Matics ◽  
István Nagy ◽  
Ádám Csóka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Lean Line ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Total Body

The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of divergently selected rabbits for total body fat content (fat index) on growth performance and carcass traits. The fat index was determined at 10 weeks of age by computed tomography and lasted for four consecutive generations. The rabbits with the lowest fat index belonged to the lean line and those of the highest values belonged to the fat line. At generation four, 60 rabbits/line were housed in wire-mesh cages and fed with commercial pellet ad libitum from weaning (5 w of age) to slaughtering (11 w of age). Growth performance, dressing out percentage and carcass adiposity were measured. The lean line showed a better feed conversion ratio (p < 0.001) than the fat line. Furthermore, the carcass of the lean rabbits had the highest proportion of fore (p < 0.020) and hind (p < 0.006) parts. On the contrary, rabbits of the fat line had the highest carcass adiposity (p < 0.001). The divergent selection for total body fat content showed to be effective for both lean and fat lines. Selection for lower total body fat content could be useful for terminal male lines, while the selection for higher total body fat content could be an advantage for rabbit does in providing fat (energy) reserves.

scholarly journals Seasonal change in body fat of the Hyrax Procavia capensis (Pallas, 1766) using a body fat ranking index

Koedoe ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.J. Fourie ◽  
M.R. Perrin
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Change ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Procavia Capensis ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Ranking Index

Changes in the body fat content of the hyrax Procavia capensis were used as an indicator of physiological condition. Body fat rankings for the different sexes showed seasonal variations related to physiologically stressful periods (rutting, gestation and lactation). The subjective body fat rankings were correlated significantly with total body fat.

Body fatness, insulin sensitivity and muscle oxygen supply in adolescents

2002 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona E. ARROWSMITH ◽  
Julie WARD ◽  
Kieron ROONEY ◽  
Adamandia D. KRIKETOS ◽  
Louise A. BAUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Oxygen Supply ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
Muscle Oxygen ◽  
Body Fat Content ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Muscle blood flow can be reduced in insulin-resistant states. The present study examined the importance of body fatness and insulin sensitivity as variables that may be associated with muscle oxygen supply. We studied 38 adolescents (22 males, 16 females; age 15.3–18.6 years; body mass index 17.7–34.7kg/m2) and used near-IR spectroscopy to measure the muscle re-oxygenation rate after ischaemic finger flexion exercise. Total body fat content was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and insulin sensitivity was assessed by homoeostasis model assessment. Regional lipid compartments were also assessed for potential associations with muscle oxygen supply. Abdominal adiposity (visceral and subcutaneous) was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging, and soleus intramyocellular lipid levels were determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Total body fat content (r = 0.67, P<0.001), abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.78, P<0.001), abdominal visceral fat area (r = 0.54, P<0.001) and intramyocellular lipid levels (r = 0.68, P<0.001) were significantly related to forearm re-oxygenation half-time. After adjusting for insulin sensitivity, both total body fat content (r = 0.395, P = 0.02) and abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0.543, P = 0.001) remained positively associated with relatively reduced muscle oxygen supply in adolescent subjects. After adjusting for body fat content, abdominal subcutaneous fat area (r = 0. 511, P = 0.002) was significantly associated with muscle oxygen supply. Thus muscle oxygen supply is associated with body fat content, and certain fat compartments may be more influential than others.

scholarly journals Brown adipose tissue is involved in diet-induced thermogenesis and whole-body fat utilization in healthy humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Hibi ◽  
S Oishi ◽  
M Matsushita ◽  
T Yoneshiro ◽  
T Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fat Utilization ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Diet Induced Thermogenesis
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