Alterations in lipid metabolism and thermogenesis with emergence of brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue in diet-induced obesity-resistant Lou/C rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (6) ◽  
pp. E1146-E1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Veyrat-Durebex ◽  
Anne-Laure Poher ◽  
Aurélie Caillon ◽  
Xavier Montet ◽  
Françoise Rohner-Jeanrenaud
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Recent studies describe the Lou/C rat as a model of resistance to age- and diet-induced obesity and suggest a preferential channeling of nutrients toward utilization rather than storage under standard feeding conditions. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate lipid metabolism of Lou/C and Wistar rats under a high-fat (HF) diet. Four-month-old male Lou/C and Wistar animals were submitted to a 40% HF diet for 5–9 wk. Evolution of food intake, body weight, and body composition, hormonal parameters, and expression of key transcription factors and enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Wistar rats developed obesity after 5 wk of HF diet, as previously described. Among the various parameters measured, accumulation of intraperitoneal fat was particularly evident in HF-fed Wistar rats. In these animals, thermogenesis was, however, stimulated as a likely compensatory mechanism against the development of obesity. On the contrary, Lou/C animals failed to develop obesity under such a diet, and intraperitoneal fat, not including epididymal and retroperitoneal fat depots, was virtually absent. Enzyme measurements confirmed lipid utilization rather than storage, which was accompanied by the striking emergence of uncoupling protein-1, characteristic of brown adipocytes, in white adipose tissue, particularly in the subcutaneous depot.

scholarly journals Proses Pencokelatan Jaringan Adiposa

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Afifa Radhina
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brown Fat ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
White Fat

Obesity is a common, serious, and detrimental condition. In 2014, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight. Obesity is associated with many diseases and the increase in obesity has become a major health problem. Obesity is caused by an imbalance between energy intake and energy consumption. Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ that secretes many hormones and cytokines that can affect metabolism. There are two types of adipose tissue in the body with different functions, namely white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. White fat has a major function in storing energy and is increased in obesity, while brown fat produces heat (thermogenesis) and then increases energy consumption. Therefore, brown fat and the induction of brown fat-like properties in white fat, have been considered as targets in the fight against obesity. The complex process of cell differentiation leading to the appearance of active brown adipocytes has been identified. There are classic brown adipocytes and cream adipocytes. Beige adipocytes are brown adipocytes that appear on precursor cells of white adipose tissue due to stimuli. Brown adipocytes are equipped with mitochondria containing uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which, when activated, controls ATP synthesis and stimulates respiratory chain activity. The browning process of adipose tissue is controlled by factors such as exercise. Obesitas merupakan keadaan yang umum, serius, dan merugikan. Tahun 2014, lebih dari 1,9 milyar orang dewasa mengalami kelebihan berat badan. Obesitas berasosiasi dengan banyak penyakit dan peningkatan obesitas telah menjadi masalah kesehatan utama. Obesitas disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara energi yang masuk dan konsumsi energi. Jaringan adiposa dalam tubuh ada dua tipe yang fungsinya berbeda, yakni jaringan adiposa putih dan jaringan adiposa cokelat. Lemak putih berfungsi utama dalam menyimpan energi dan meningkat pada obesitas, sedangkan lemak cokelat menghasilkan panas (termogenesis) dan kemudian meningkatkan konsumsi energi. Oleh karena itu, lemak cokelat dan induksi sifat seperti lemak cokelat pada lemak putih, telah dipertimbangkan sebagai target dalam melawan obesitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses pencoklatan jaringan adiposa putih. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelusuran ilmiah. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa adiposit krem merupakan adiposit cokelat yang muncul pada sel prekursor dari jaringan adiposa putih karena adanya stimuli. Adiposit krem sama seperti adiposit cokelat dilengkapi dengan mitokondria yang mengandung uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), yang ketika teraktivasi akan mengendalikan sintesis ATP dan menstimulasi aktivitas rantai respirasi. Beberapa regulator seperti PPAR γ, PGC-1α, dan PRDM16 muncul sebagai pelaku utama dalam proses diferensiasi adiposit krem.

scholarly journals Lean Phenotype and Resistance to Diet-Induced Obesity in Vitamin D Receptor Knockout Mice Correlates with Induction of Uncoupling Protein-1 in White Adipose Tissue

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen J. Narvaez ◽  
Donald Matthews ◽  
Emily Broun ◽  
Michelle Chan ◽  
JoEllen Welsh
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D3 ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity

Increased adiposity is a feature of aging in both mice and humans, but the molecular mechanisms underlying age-related changes in adipose tissue stores remain unclear. In previous studies, we noted that 18-month-old normocalcemic vitamin D receptor (VDR) knockout (VDRKO) mice exhibited atrophy of the mammary adipose compartment relative to wild-type (WT) littermates, suggesting a role for VDR in adiposity. Here we monitored body fat depots, food intake, metabolic factors, and gene expression in WT and VDRKO mice on the C57BL6 and CD1 genetic backgrounds. Regardless of genetic background, both sc and visceral white adipose tissue depots were smaller in VDRKO mice than WT mice. The lean phenotype of VDRKO mice was associated with reduced serum leptin and compensatory increased food intake. Similar effects on adipose tissue, leptin and food intake were observed in mice lacking Cyp27b1, the 1α-hydroxylase enzyme that generates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, the VDR ligand. Although VDR ablation did not reduce expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ or fatty acid synthase, PCR array screening identified several differentially expressed genes in white adipose tissue from WT and VDRKO mice. Uncoupling protein-1, which mediates dissociation of cellular respiration from energy production, was greater than 25-fold elevated in VDRKO white adipose tissue. Consistent with elevation in uncoupling protein-1, VDRKO mice were resistant to high-fat diet-induced weight gain. Collectively, these studies identify a novel role for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the VDR in the control of adipocyte metabolism and lipid storage in vivo. Mice lacking the vitamin D receptor or its ligand display reduced adiposity, resistance to diet-induced obesity, and induction of uncoupling protein-1 in white adipose tissue.

Differential regulation of leptin expression and function in A/J vs. C57BL/6J mice during diet-induced obesity

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. E356-E365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia M. Watson ◽  
Scott P. Commins ◽  
Rudolph J. Beiler ◽  
Heather C. Hatcher ◽  
Thomas W. Gettys
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Ucp2 Expression ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Specific Increase ◽  
And Function ◽  
Leptin Expression ◽  
Ucp2 Mrna

Obesity-resistant (A/J) and obesity-prone (C57BL/6J) mice were weaned onto low-fat (LF) or high-fat (HF) diets and studied after 2, 10, and 16 wk. Despite consuming the same amount of food, A/J mice on the HF diet deposited less carcass lipid and gained less weight than C57BL/6J mice over the course of the study. Leptin mRNA was increased in white adipose tissue (WAT) in both strains on the HF diet but to significantly higher levels in A/J compared with C57BL/6J mice. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and UCP2 mRNA were induced by the HF diet in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and WAT of A/J mice, respectively, but not in C57BL/6J mice. UCP1 mRNA was also significantly higher in retroperitoneal WAT of A/J compared with C57BL/6J mice. The ability of A/J mice to resist diet-induced obesity is associated with a strain-specific increase in leptin, UCP1, and UCP2 expression in adipose tissue. The findings indicate that the HF diet does not compromise leptin-dependent regulation of adipocyte gene expression in A/J mice and suggest that maintenance of leptin responsiveness confers resistance to diet-induced obesity.

scholarly journals The Lou/C rat: a model of spontaneous food restriction associated with improved insulin sensitivity and decreased lipid storage in adipose tissue

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (5) ◽  
pp. E1120-E1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christelle Veyrat-Durebex ◽  
Xavier Montet ◽  
Manlio Vinciguerra ◽  
Asllan Gjinovci ◽  
Paolo Meda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

The inbred Lou/C rat, originating from the Wistar strain, has been described as a model of resistance to diet-induced obesity, but little is known about its metabolism. Since this knowledge could provide some clues about the etiology of obesity/insulin resistance, this study aimed at characterizing glucose and lipid metabolism in Lou/C vs. Wistar rats. This was achieved by performing glucose and insulin tolerance tests, euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamps, and characterization of intracellular insulin signaling in skeletal muscle. Substrate-induced insulin secretion was evaluated using perfused pancreas and isolated islets. Finally, body fat composition and the expression of various factors involved in lipid metabolism were determined. Body weight and caloric intake were lower in Lou/C than in Wistar rats, whereas food efficiency was similar. Improved glucose tolerance of Lou/C rats was not related to increased insulin output but was related to improved insulin sensitivity/responsiveness in the liver and in skeletal muscles. In the latter tissue, this was accompanied by improved insulin signaling, as suggested by higher activation of the insulin receptor and of the Akt/protein kinase B pathway. Fat deposition was markedly lower in Lou/C than in Wistar rats, especially in visceral adipose tissue. In the inguinal adipose depot, expression of uncoupling protein-1 was detected in Lou/C but not in Wistar rats, in keeping with a higher expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 in these animals. The Lou/C rat is a valuable model of spontaneous food restriction with associated improved insulin sensitivity. Independently from its reduced caloric intake, it also exhibits a preferential channeling of nutrients toward utilization rather than storage.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Induces Uncoupling Protein 1 in White Adipose Tissue of ob/ob Mice

Lipids ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela A. Wendel ◽  
Aparna Purushotham ◽  
Li-Fen Liu ◽  
Martha A. Belury
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Uncoupling Protein 1

Occurrence of brown adipocytes in rat white adipose tissue: molecular and morphological characterization

1992 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 931-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Cousin ◽  
S. Cinti ◽  
M. Morroni ◽  
S. Raimbault ◽  
D. Ricquier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Blot Hybridization ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Northern Blot Hybridization ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Brown Adipose

Brown adipocytes are thermogenic cells which play an important role in energy balance. Their thermogenic activity is due to the presence of a mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP). Until recently, it was admitted that in rodents brown adipocytes were mainly located in classical brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the present study, we have investigated the presence of UCP protein or mRNA in white adipose tissue (WAT) of rats. Using polymerase chain reaction or Northern blot hybridization, UCP mRNA was detected in mesenteric, epidydimal, retroperitoneal, inguinal and particularly in periovarian adipose depots. The uncoupling protein was detected by Western blotting in mitochondria from periovarian adipose tissue. When rats were submitted to cold or to treatment with a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, UCP expression was increased in this tissue as in typical brown fat. Moreover, the expression was decreased in obese fa/fa rats compared to lean controls. Morphological studies showed that periovarian adipose tissue of rats kept at 24 degrees C contained cells with numerous typical BAT mitochondria with or without multilocular lipid droplets. Immunocytochemistry confirmed that multilocular cells expressed mitochondrial UCP. Furthermore, the number of brown adipocytes and the density of mitochondrial cristae increased in parallel with exposure to cold. These results demonstrate that adipocytes expressing UCP are present in adipose deposits considered as white fat. They suggest the existence of a continuum in rodents between BAT and WAT, and a great plasticity between adipose tissue phenotypes. The physiological importance of brown adipocytes in WAT and the regulation of UCP expression remain open questions.

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