Gastroenteropancreatic hormonal changes during exercise

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. G136-G140 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Hilsted ◽  
H. Galbo ◽  
B. Sonne ◽  
T. Schwartz ◽  
J. Fahrenkrug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Induced Changes

Peripheral plasma concentrations of gastroenteropancreatic peptides were measured during a 3-h period of bicycle exercise at 40% of maximal oxygen uptake in six normal men. Marked increases (P < 0.02) were found in vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) [1.8 +/- 0.7 (rest) vs. 22.3 +/- 5.4 pmol x l-1 (mean +/- SE) (3 h)], secretin (0.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 11.1 +/- 2.7 pmol x l-1), pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (4.0 +/- 1.5 vs. 46.3 +/- 11.5 pmol x l-1), somatostatin (SRIF) (12.8 +/- 1.2 vs. 17.7 +/- 0.6 pmol x l-1), whereas no changes occurred in gastric inhibitory polypeptide (37.3 +/- 5.9 vs. 39.2 +/- 9.8 pmol x l-1). Immunoreactive insulin and C-peptide decreased from 0.08 +/- 0.004 and 0.39 +/- 0.03 pmol x l-1, respectively, to 0.04 +/- 0.003 (P < 0.005) and 0.13 +/- 0.02 (P < 0.001). The significant decrease in C-peptide and in the C-peptide-to-insulin molar ratio indicate decreased insulin secretion and clearance, respectively, during exercise. Plasma glucose decreased [5.0 +/- 0.1 (rest) vs. 4.2 +/- 0.3 mmol.l-1 (3 h)] (P < 0.01). During 3 h of rest, none of the measured parameters had changed. The marked exercise-induced changes in plasma concentrations of PP, secretin, VIP, and SRIF are provocative. We know in detail neither the stimuli for the release of these peptides nor their physiological role during exercise.

The Entero-Insular Axis in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Garaa ◽  
F Norris ◽  
J Wright ◽  
L Morgan ◽  
S Hampton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Hepatic Extraction ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome

We investigated the contributions made by the entero-insular axis, proinsulin and the fractional hepatic extraction of insulin to the hyperinsulinaemia characteristic of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). We measured plasma glucose, gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), glucagon-like peptide-1 (7–36 amide) (GLP-17–36 amide), immunoreactive insulin (IRI), intact proinsulin (IPI), and C-peptide concentrations during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test in seven normal weight women with PCOS and eight healthy women. Women with PCOS had higher fasting ( P = 0·05) and integrated ( P < 0·01) IRI concentrations than controls. Fasting C-peptide levels were similar in both groups but integrated C-peptide ( P < 0·05) concentrations were greater in PCOS subjects than controls. Fasting and integrated concentrations of glucose, GIP and GLP-17–36 amide were similar in subjects with PCOS and controls. Although fasting IPI concentrations were similar in both groups, integrated IPI concentrations were higher ( P = 0·05) in patients with PCOS. Women with PCOS had similar fasting but higher ( P <0·05) integrated IRI: C-peptide molar ratios than controls. Fasting and integrated IPI: IRI molar ratios were similar in both groups. These results confirm that lean women with PCOS have peripheral hyperinsulinaemia. The mild fasting hyperinsulinaemia is due to increased pancreatic secretion, whereas the stimulated hyperinsulinaemia is due to both pancreatic hypersecretion and reduced fractional hepatic extraction of insulin. Hyperproinsulinaemia is modest and appropriate in PCOS. GIP and GLP-17–36 amide do not contribute to the stimulated hyperinsulinaemia in PCOS.

Effects of consumption of milk and milk constituents on plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide and metabolites in preruminant goat kids

1993 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Martin ◽  
A. Faulkner ◽  
J. P. McCarthy
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Milk Consumption ◽  
Carbohydrate Absorption ◽  
Major Nutrient ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Skimmed Milk

ABSTRACT Plasma concentrations of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) were measured in preruminant goat kids before and after consumption of milk, skimmed milk or solutions of milk fat, lactose, glucose or casein plus lactose. GIP concentrations increased significantly within 1 h of consumption of milk or milk fat, and were elevated for the remainder of the 5-h sampling period. The integrated mean change in GIP concentration during this period did not differ between these two meals. GIP levels were slightly increased above basal values 5 h after skimmed milk consumption, probably reflecting the absorption of a small amount of fat, but overall there was no significant GIP response to this or to any of the other test meals. The marked increase in GIP concentration after a milk feed indicates a physiological role for the hormone in preruminants but, in contrast to the situation in simple-stomached animals, carbohydrate absorption does not elicit GIP secretion in the preruminant goat. The data strongly suggest that fat is the major nutrient to stimulate GIP secretion in these animals. Journal of Endocrinology (1993) 138, 167–173

Effects of heroin addiction on the responses of glucose, C-peptide and insulin to a standard meal

1988 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Zandomeneghi ◽  
A. Luciani ◽  
M. Massari ◽  
P. Montanari ◽  
C. Pavesi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Heroin Addiction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Hepatic Extraction ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Standard Meal ◽  
C Peptide

1. The aim of the study was to examine the responses of plasma glucose, C-peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and total immunoreactive insulin (IRI) to a standard meal in heroin addicts, since the presence of immunoreactive β-endorphin has been demonstrated in human endocrine pancreas. 2. Ten heroin addicts and 10 control subjects participated in the study. The addicts had been taking heroin (from 0.5 to 2 g/day) for at least 2 months and they had no detectable diseases. 3. After a 12 h fast, each subject received a standard meal; blood samples were taken at − 15, 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min to determine glucose, CPR and IRI. Calculation of the CPR/IRI molar ratio was used as a semiquantitative estimation of the hepatic extraction of insulin. 4. No difference in plasma glucose was observed between the groups. Addicts had lower CPR than normals at 15, 30 and 120 min (P < 0.01). On the contrary, IRI was higher in addicts than in normals (P < 0.05 at − 15 and 0 min, P < 0.01 at 15, 30 and 60 min), except at 120 min. The CPR/IRI molar ratio was lower in addicts (P < 0.01). 5. Heroin addiction seems to produce a β-cell failure and contemporaneously a state of hyperinsulinaemia; blood glucose remains in the normal range. 6. We conclude that chronic heroin addiction may produce a change in the rate of hepatic extraction of insulin.

Exercise-induced changes in blood zinc and related proteins in humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1453-1458 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ohno ◽  
K. Yamashita ◽  
R. Doi ◽  
K. Yamamura ◽  
T. Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Zinc Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Blood Zinc

Effects of cycle ergometer exercise (approximately 75% maximum ventilatory O2 consumption for 30 min) on the concentrations of zinc and related proteins in erythrocytes and/or plasma were studied on 11 sedentary male students. Lower concentrations of total zinc and of zinc derived from carbonic anhydrase I type (CA-I) in erythrocytes were observed immediately after exercise, but they disappeared after 30 min of rest. The change in total zinc concentration in erythrocytes correlated well with that in CA-I concentration immediately after exercise, as well as after rest. The concentration of carbonic anhydrase II type (CA-II)-derived zinc did not vary substantially at any time. On the other hand, there were significant increases in the plasma concentrations of total zinc and of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2-MG)-bound zinc immediately after exercise, whereas no such effect was noted in albumin-bound zinc. A positive correlation was found between total zinc and alpha 2-MG concentrations in plasma immediately after exercise. In addition, the change in the activity of alkaline phosphatase, a zinc metalloenzyme, correlated well with that in the total zinc concentration in plasma. These results suggest that a brief physical exercise induces the movement of zinc into plasma.

Does endothelin-1 participate in the exercise-induced changes of blood flow distribution of muscles in humans?

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Maeda ◽  
Takashi Miyauchi ◽  
Michiko Sakane ◽  
Makoto Saito ◽  
Shinichi Maki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Femoral Vein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Flow Distribution ◽  
Plasma Norepinephrine ◽  
Blood Flow Distribution ◽  
Endothelin 1 ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Maeda, Seiji, Takashi Miyauchi, Michiko Sakane, Makoto Saito, Shinichi Maki, Katsutoshi Goto, and Mitsuo Matsuda. Does endothelin-1 participate in the exercise-induced changes of blood flow distribution of muscles in humans? J. Appl. Physiol. 82(4): 1107–1111, 1997.—Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an endothelium-derived potent vasoconstrictor peptide that potentiates contractions to norepinephrine in human vessels. We previously reported that the circulating plasma concentration of ET-1 is significantly increased after exercise (S. Maeda, T. Miyauchi, K. Goto, and M. Matsuda. J. Appl. Physiol. 77: 1399–1402, 1994). To study the roles of ET-1 during and after exercise, we investigated whether endurance exercise affects the production of ET-1 in the circulation of working muscles and nonworking muscles. Male athletes performed one-leg cycle ergometer exercise of 30-min duration at intensity of 110% of their individual ventilatory threshold. Plasma concentrations of ET-1 in both sides of femoral veins (veins in the working leg and nonworking leg) and in the femoral artery (artery in the nonworking leg) were measured before and after exercise. The plasma ET-1 concentration in the femoral vein in the nonworking leg was significantly increased after exercise, whereas that in femoral vein in the working leg was not changed. The arteriovenous difference in ET-1 concentration was significantly increased after exercise in the circulation of the nonworking leg but not of the working leg, which suggests that the production of ET-1 was increased in the circulation of the nonworking leg by exercise. The present study also demonstrated that the plasma norepinephrine concentrations were elevated by exercise in the femoral veins of both the working and nonworking legs, suggesting that the sympathetic nerve activity was augmented in both legs during exercise. Therefore, the present study demonstrates the possibility that the increase in production of ET-1 in nonworking muscles may cause vasoconstriction and hence decrease blood flow in nonworking muscles through its direct vasoconstrictive action or through an indirect effect of ET-1 to enhance vasoconstrictions to norepinephrine and that these responses may be helpful in increasing blood flow in working muscles. We propose that endogenous ET-1 contributes to the exercise-induced redistribution of blood flow in muscles.

Gastro-entero-pancreatic hormones in amniotic fluid from normal and diabetic pregnant women

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S37-S43
Author(s):  
F. Fallucca ◽  
P. Gargiulo ◽  
F. Troili ◽  
D. Zicari ◽  
G. Pimpinella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amniotic Fluid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Arginine Test ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Status

Abstract. Clinical applications of analyses of hormones in amniotic fluid (AF) have recently been increased. In diabetic pregnancy, determinations of insulin and C-peptide in AF have been suggested as good indicators of the status of the foetus. We have investigated the pancreatic alpha and beta cell function by measuring insulin (IRI), C-peptide (CPR), glucagon (IRG), somatostatin (SLI), and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) in amniotic fluid collected during basal conditions or 2 h after an arginine test in 92 diabetic and 32 nondiabetic pregnant women. During basal conditions, in diabetic pregnant women, IRI, CPR and the insulin: glucagon molar ratio (I/G) were all significantly higher while amniotic fluid-IRG was significantly lower than in the controls. After arginine stimulation, IRI increased in AF of the diabetic pregnant women but not in AF of the controls while no differences were observed in AF-GIP and AF-SLI concentrations. Higher IRI and CPR, as well as lower IRG values were significantly related to poor maternal metabolic control. The occurrence of neonatal morbidity including macrosomia was significantly associated with increased AF, IRI and CPR concentrations after an arginine challenge and these factors were the most sensitive predictors of neonatal morbidity in infants of diabetic mothers. Increased AF glucose concentrations and I/G ratios were related to neonatal hypoglycaemia; jaundice and respiratory distress syndrome were associated to low concentrations of SF-IRG.

Sleep endocrine effects of antigluco- and antimineralocorticoids in healthy males

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. E109-E114
Author(s):  
K. Wiedemann ◽  
C. Lauer ◽  
T. Pollmacher ◽  
F. Holsboer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Endocrine Effects ◽  
Receptor System ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Induced Changes

In several mammalian species the responsiveness of brain neurons to corticosteroids is mediated by mineralo- (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors. These receptors play a key role not only in the endocrine adaptation to stress but also in corticosteroid-induced changes of behavior, including sleep. We further explored the specific physiological role of this binary receptor system in the human brain by studying electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep and changes in plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, and growth hormone from 1800 to 0700 h in a series of investigations in healthy men pretreated the previous evening with the nonselective GR agonist dexamethasone (Dex) and then receiving at 1400 h either placebo, spironolactone (Spi), an MR antagonist, or mifepristone (Mif), a GR antagonist. The Dex-induced suppression of ACTH and cortisol was unaltered after Spi (200 mg) but attenuated by Mif treatment (400 mg). The sleep-associated plasma growth hormone surge was increased by Dex, an effect that remained unchanged by Spi but was reduced by Mif treatment. Pretreatment with Dex did not by itself induce recognizable effects on EEG sleep, but the Dex combination with Spi reduced the amount of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. With Dex plus Mif, both REM sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS) were reduced compared with placebo. The Dex-induced endocrine effects on plasma ACTH, cortisol, and growth hormone concentrations could not be antagonized by Spi, which acts via MRs mainly located in the hippocampus, but were compensated for in part by Mif, which antagonizes GR at the pituitary and in the central nervous system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide secretion in young milk-fed and adult goats

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (3) ◽  
pp. E209-E215
Author(s):  
K. J. Nilssen ◽  
K. Hove ◽  
R. Jorde
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Release ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Gastric Inhibitory Polypeptide ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Infusions

Plasma concentrations of glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), and immunoreactive gastric inhibitory polypeptide (IR-GIP) were studied in six adult and five young milk-fed goats after intravenous or intraduodenal infusions of glucose. Glucose concentrations after intraduodenal infusions were elevated from 3.5 to 4.7 mmol/liter on the average in adult and from 4 to 7 mmol/liter in young goats. Intravenous infusions were given at rates adjusted to mimic very closely the plasma glucose curves after intraduodenal infusions. Plasma IRI increased from 250 to 600 pmol/liter in adult and from 180 to 500-600 pmol/liter in young goats, but no significant differences were observed between intravenous and intraduodenal infusions. Duodenal infusions of glucose did not stimulate the release of IR-GIP in adult or young goats. It is concluded that the goat is lacking the incretin system for rapid disposal of oral glucose loads and that IR-GIP does not participate in regulation of glucose-stimulated insulin release in this species.

scholarly journals Role of Exercise-induced Adiponectin Activation on Obese and Diabetic Individuals

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-213
Author(s):  
Kangil Lim ◽  
Kijeong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Guidelines And Recommendations ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory Cytokine

PURPOSE: The physiological role of adipocytokines on obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance is not clearly understood yet. Furthermore, the mechanism of exercise-induced changes in plasma adiponectin in obesity and diabetes is not known well. The aim of this review is to describe the role of exercise on the adiponectin production in adipose tissue of the obesity and diabetes.METHODS: This study reviews 46 previous studies focusing on the effect of exercise on adiponectin in obese and diabetic individuals.RESULTS: Increasing adiponectin levels after long-term exercise training in obese and diabetic individuals have inconsistent support in the scientific literature. However, the present review summarized evidence that supports for exercise training as a viable strategy to increase adiponectin in obese and diabetic individuals.CONCLUSIONS: Despite the importance of regular physical activity for the prevention of obesity and diabetes outlined in numerous guidelines and recommendations, previous studies showed inconsistent results regarding the effect of physical activity among obese and diabetic individuals. This review suggested that exercise training induces the augmentation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin and in turn, it provides long-term health outcomes for obese and diabetic individuals.

Physiological role for Angptl4/fiaf in exercise-induced muscle AMPK activation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min-Seon Kim ◽  
Ghi-Su Kim ◽  
Hyuckki Chang ◽  
Mi-Seon Shin ◽  
Hyun Kyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ampk Activation ◽  
Exercise Induced
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