Action of prostaglandins, endoperoxides, and thromboxanes on the lamb ductus arteriosus

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. H117-H122 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Coceani ◽  
I. Bishai ◽  
E. White ◽  
E. Bodach ◽  
P. M. Olley
Keyword(s):  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Synthetic Reaction ◽  
Pg E2 ◽  
Dose Dependent

Prostaglandin (PG) E2, the PG endoperoxides PGG2 and PGH2, and enzymatically generated PGI2 and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) were tested in vitro on circular strips of ductus arteriosus from mature fetal lambs. Both PGE2 and the PG endoperoxides produced a dose-dependent relaxation of the ductus at low PO2 (7-11 torr), and their action was reduced or abolished at high PO2 (410-660 torr). PGE2, however, was more potent than the endoperoxides. The reaction mixture containing PGI2 relaxed the hypoxic ductus, but this response was not due to PGI2 but to two, more stable and as yet unidentified, compounds, one of which is most certainly PGE2. TXA2 was inactive on the vessel at low and high PO2. These results confirm that PGE2 is the most effective PG acting on the ductus and provide further support to the hypothesis that this PG is responsible for patency of the vessel during fetal life. PGE2 action, however, may be complemented by that of another endoperoxide derivative formed in the PGI2 synthetic reaction which remains to be identified.

Modulation of adiponectin system expression in the porcine uterus during early pregnancy by prostaglandin E2 and F2α

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamil Dobrzyn ◽  
Nina Smolinska ◽  
Karol Szeszko ◽  
Marta Kiezun ◽  
Anna Maleszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Pregnancy ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Adiponectin Receptor ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Pg E2 ◽  
Dose Dependent

Studies have demonstrated that adiponectin could be a link between reproductive functions and energy metabolism in animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of prostaglandin (PG) E2 and PGF2α (10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 ng mL–1) on the expression and secretion of adiponectin and its receptor genes and proteins by cultured in vitro porcine endometrial and myometrial tissues on Days 10–28 of pregnancy and Days 10–11 of the oestrous cycle. The gene expression was analysed using the real-time PCR method. Adiponectin protein secretion was determined by ELISA, whereas the receptors proteins content was defined using Western Blot analysis. Both PGE2 and PGF2α modulated the expression of adiponectin system genes and proteins in the uterus during early pregnancy. PGE2 and PGF2α had similar effects on the adiponectin system, which differed between the stages of gestation and between pregnancy and the oestrous cycle. On Days 10–11 of gestation, PGE2 and PGF2α generally increased adiponectin secretion by endometrial and myometrial tissues. Both PGs decreased levels of endometrial adiponectin receptor type 1 (AdipoR1), whereas only PGF2α decreased myometrial levels of AdipoR1. Both PGs increased myometrial adiponectin receptor type 2 (AdipoR2) levels. On Days 12–13 of gestation, PGE2 decreased AdipoR1 concentrations in both tissues and AdipoR2 levels in the endometrium. PGF2α decreased myometrial concentrations of both receptors. On Days 15–16 of gestation, both PGE2 and PGF2α increased concentrations of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in the endometrium and myometrium. PGE2 stimulated the secretion of adiponectin in the endometrium, but not in the myometrium. On Days 27–28 of pregnancy, both PGE2 and PGF2α inhibited the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 in endometrial and myometrial tissues and decreased the secretion of endometrial adiponectin. Both PGE2 and PGF2α had tissue-specific and dose-dependent effects on the adiponectin system.

scholarly journals Continentalic Acid Rather Than Kaurenoic Acid Is Responsible for the Anti-Arthritic Activity of Manchurian Spikenard In Vitro and In Vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5488
Author(s):  
Riwon Hong ◽  
Kyoung Soo Kim ◽  
Gwang Muk Choi ◽  
Mijung Yeom ◽  
Bombi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Kaurenoic Acid ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Continentalic Acid ◽  
Pg E2 ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim of this study was to identify the active compound responsible for the pharmacological activities of Manchurian spikenard (Aralia continentalis Kitag.). Interleukin (IL)-1β-stimulated human chondrocytes and monoiodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritic rats were treated with the 50% ethanolic extract of spikenard or its major components, such as continentalic acid (ent-pimara-8(14),15-diene-19-oic acid) and kaurenoic acid (ent-kaura-16-en-19-oic acid). The spikenard extract significantly inhibited IL-1β-stimulated production of IL-6, IL-8, metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, MMP-13, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and prostaglandin(PG)E2 in a dose-dependent manner but not MMP-3 production. The extract also inhibited the IL-1β-induced translocation of NF-κB/p65 into the nucleus and dose-dependent phosphorylation levels of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase. Continentalic acid exhibited significant anti-arthritic activity corresponding exactly to that of the extract containing an equivalent amount of continentalic acid. On the other hand, kaurenoic acid exhibited a compatible activity at about a 10-times higher molar concentration than that of continentalic acid. In vitro anti-arthritic activities of the spikenard extract and continentalic acid were also confirmed in MIA-induced osteoarthritic rats. The 50% ethanolic extract of Manchurian spikenard exhibited promising anti-arthritic activities in the in vitro and in vivo osteoarthritis models, and continentalic acid, not kaurenoic acid, was most probably responsible for those activities.

Age-dependent changes in the response of the lamb ductus arteriosus to oxygen and ibuprofen

1979 ◽  
Vol 57 (8) ◽  
pp. 825-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Coceani ◽  
E. White ◽  
E. Bodach ◽  
P. M. Olley
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ductus Arteriosus ◽  
Maximal Activity ◽  
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Antiinflammatory Drugs ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Gestational Group ◽  
Dose Dependent

Circular strips of ductus arteriosus from lambs of gestational age between 90 and 144 days (term 147 days) were studied in vitro at low (8–16 torr (1 torr = 133.322 Pa)) and high (426–622 torr) [Formula: see text]. Potassium- and oxygen-induced contractions increased with the gestational age and attained a maximum at term. At low [Formula: see text], ibuprofen, a blocker of prostaglandin synthesis, produced a dose-dependent contraction of the ductus at all ages and enhanced the potassium-induced contraction of the immature ductus (90–124 days). Both effects were relatively greater in the 103- to 107-day gestational group. At that age, ibuprofen also potentiated the oxygen-induced contraction. These findings, while confirming that a prostaglandin is involved in ductus patency, indicate that the prostaglandin-relaxing mechanism becomes functional at an early stage of gestation and reaches maximal activity before term. The existence of an active, prostaglandin-mediated relaxation in the preterm ductus may account, in part, for the reduced responsiveness of the vessel to oxygen. It is confirmed that ibuprofen and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are well suited for the management of the premature infant with patent ductus arteriosus.

Increased Protein Synthesis by Human Platelets during Phagocytosis of Latex Particles in Vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 35 (02) ◽  
pp. 350-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Bessler ◽  
Galila Agam ◽  
Meir Djaldetti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Latex Particles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Platelet Protein ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Phagocytotic Activity

SummaryA three-fold increase of protein synthesis by human platelets during in vitro phagocytosis of polystyrene latex particles was detected. During the first two hours of incubation, the percentage of phagocytizing platelets and the number of latex particles per platelet increased; by the end of the third hour, the first parameter remained stable, while the number of latex particles per cell had decreased.Vincristine (20 μg/ml of cell suspension) inhibited platelet protein synthesis. This effect was both time- and dose-dependent. The drug also caused a decrease in the number of phagocytizing cells, as well as in their phagocytotic activity.

The Effect of Adrenaline Infusions on Blood Coagulation in Normal and Haemophilia B Dogs

1966 ◽  
Vol 15 (03/04) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.H Özge ◽  
H.C Rowsell ◽  
H.G Downie ◽  
J.F Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Clotting Factor ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Generation Test ◽  
Plasma Activity

SummaryThe addition of trace amounts of adrenaline to whole blood in plasma in vitro increased factor VIII, factor IX and whole plasma activity in the thromboplastin generation test. This was dose dependent.Adrenaline infusions less than 22 (μg/kg body weight in normal dogs accelerated clotting, increased factor IX, factor VIII and whole plasma activity in the thromboplastin generation test and caused a fall in blood pH. In a factor IX deficient dog, there was no increase in factor IX activity. After adrenaline infusions, however, the other changes occurred and were of the same order of magnitude as in the normal. Adrenaline in doses greater than 22 μg/kg body weight did not produce as great an effect on clotting in normal or factor IX deficient dogs. The platelet count in the peripheral blood was increased following the infusion of all doses of adrenaline. These observations suggest that the accelerating effect of adrenaline on clotting is not mediated through increase in activity of a specific clotting factor.

Soluble Thrombomodulin Purified from Human Urine Exhibits a Potent Anticoagulant Effect In Vitro and In Vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (05) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Takahashi ◽  
Yoshitaka Hosaka ◽  
Hiromi Niina ◽  
Katsuaki Nagasawa ◽  
Masaaki Naotsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Urine ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Rabbit Lung ◽  
Soluble Thrombomodulin ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryWe examined the anticoagulant activity of two major molecules of soluble thrombomodulin purified from human urine. The apparent molecular weights of these urinary thrombomodulins (UTMs) were 72,000 and 79,000, respectively. Both UTMs showed more potent cofactor activity for protein C activation [specific activity >5,000 thrombomodulin units (TMU)/mg] than human placental thrombomodulin (2,180 TMU/mg) and rabbit lung thrombomodulin (1,980 TMU/mg). The UTMs prolonged thrombin-induced fibrinogen clotting time (>1 TMU/ml), APTT (>5 TMU/ml), TT (>5 TMU/ml) and PT (>40 TMU/ml) in a dose-dependent fashion. These effects appeared in the concentration range of soluble thrombomodulins present in human plasma and urine. In the rat DIC model induced by thromboplastin, administration of UTMs by infusion (300-3,000 TMU/kg) restored the hematological abnormalities derived from DIC in a dose-dependent fashion. These results demonstrate that UTMs exhibit potent anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities, and could play a physiologically important role in microcirculation.

In Vitro Incorporation and Metabolism of Icosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Human Platelets - Effect on Aggregation

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (01) ◽  
pp. 057-062 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martine Croset ◽  
M Lagarde
Keyword(s):  
Arachidonic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Thromboxane A2 ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Aggregation Response ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acids ◽  
Membrane Level

SummaryWashed human platelets were pre-loaded with icosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or EPA + DHA and tested for their aggregation response in comparison with control platelets. In fatty acid-rich platelets, an inhibition of the aggregation could be observed when induced by thrombin, collagen or U-46619. The strongest inhibition was observed with DHA-rich platelets and it was reduced when DHA was incorporated in the presence of EPA.Study of fatty acid distribution in cell lipids after loading showed that around 90% of EPA or DHA taken up was acylated into phospholipids and a very small amount (less than 2%) remained in their free and hydroxylated forms. DHA was more efficiently acylated into phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) than into phosphatidylinositol (PI) in contrast to what observed with EPA, and both acids were preferentially incorporated into phosphatidylcholine (PC). EPA inhibited total incorporation of DHA and increased its relative acylation into PE at the expense of PC. In contrast, DHA did not affect the acylation of EPA. Upon stimulation with, thrombin, EPA was liberated from phospholipids and oxygenated (as judged by the formation of its monohydroxy derivative) whereas DHA was much less metabolized, although consistently transferred into PE.It is concluded that EPA and DHA might affect platelet aggregation via different mechanisms when pre-loaded in phospholipids. Whereas EPA is known to alter thromboxane A2 metabolism from endogenous arachidonic acid, by competing with it, DHA might act directly at the membrane level for inhibiting aggregation.

Oxygenation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone as the final reaction for aldosterone biosynthesis

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaru Kojima ◽  
Etsuro Ogata ◽  
Hiroshi Inano ◽  
Bun-ichi Tamaoki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Preparation ◽  
Final Reaction ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Abstract. Incubation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone with the sonicated mitochondrial preparation of bovine adrenal glomerulosa tissue leads to the production of aldosterone, as measured by radioimmunoassay. The in vitro production of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone requires both molecular oxygen and NADPH, and is inhibited by carbon monoxide. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors such as metyrapone, SU 8000. SU 10603, SKF 525A, amphenone B and spironolactone decrease the biosynthesis of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone. These results support the conclusion that the final reaction in aldosterone synthesis from 18-hydroxycorticosterone is catalyzed by an oxygenase, but not by 18-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By the same preparation, the production of [3H]aldosterone but not [3H]18-hydroxycorticosterone from [1,2-3H ]corticosterone is decreased in a dose-dependent manner by addition of non-radioactive 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

Differences between antigenic determinants of pig and cat zona pellucida proteins

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 15-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Jewgenow ◽  
M Rohleder ◽  
I Wegner
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Zona Pellucida ◽  
Antigenic Determinants ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Contraceptive Vaccine ◽  
Sperm Binding ◽  
Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent Inhibition ◽  
Dose Dependent

Despite many efforts, the control of reproduction in feral cat populations is still a problem in urban regions around the world. Immunocontraception is a promising approach; thus the present study examined the suitability of the widely used pig zona pellucida proteins (pZP) for contraception in feral domestic cats. Purified zona pellucida proteins obtained from pig and cat ovaries were used to produce highly specific antisera in rabbits. Antibodies against pZP raised in rabbits or lions were not effective inhibitors of either in vitro sperm binding (cat spermatozoa to cat oocytes) or in vitro fertilization in cats, whereas antibodies against feline zona pellucida proteins (fZP) raised in rabbits showed a dose-dependent inhibition of in vitro fertilization. Immunoelectrophoresis, ELISA and immunohistology of ovaries confirmed these results, showing crossreactivity of anti-fZP sera to fZP and to a lesser extent to pZP, but no interaction of anti-pZP sera with fZP. It is concluded that cat and pig zonae pellucidae express a very small number of shared antigenic determinants, making the use of pZP vaccine in cats questionable. A contraceptive vaccine based on feline zona pellucida determinants will be a better choice for the control of reproduction in feral cats if immunogenity can be achieved.

Effect of Jatropha curcas Latex on L3 Haemonchus contortus Larval Motility

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzaid Muhamad ◽  
Syahirah Sazeli ◽  
Resni Mona ◽  
Jannathul Firdous
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plants Extract

The anthelmintic resistance has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and thus has awakened interest in the study of plants extract as a source of anthelmintics. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Jatrophacurcas latex extract against Haemonchuscontortus larval motility. To evaluate the larvicidal activity, H.contortus L3 were incubated with the extracts with varying concentration of 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL at 27°C for 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P less than 0.05). The extracts showed dose-dependent larvicidal effects. These results suggest that J.curcas can be used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants.

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