Action of Insulin on Release of Fatty Acids From Tissue Stores

1957 ◽  
Vol 191 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin L. Bierman ◽  
Irving L. Schwartz ◽  
Vincent P. Dole
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Carbohydrate Utilization ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Before And After

The mechanism by which carbohydrate utilization reduces the concentration of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) in plasma was studied by comparing the clearance of C14-labeled palmitic acid before and after the administration of insulin. The rate of disappearance from blood of a single injection of C14-labeled palmitic acid was identical before and after an intravenous injection of insulin (0.1 µ/kg) although the expected significant fall in total NEFA concentration occurred. When steady concentration of labeled NEFA was maintained by a constant infusion, the administration of insulin produced a significant increase in specific activity. It is, therefore, concluded that insulin decreases the release of fatty acids from tissue stores but does not accelerated their removal from blood.

Seasonal Variation in Plasma Nonesterified Fatty Acids of Lake Sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens) in the Vicinity of Hydroelectric Facilities

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2440-2447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. McKinley ◽  
T. D. Singer ◽  
J. S. Ballantyne ◽  
G. Power
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lake Sturgeon ◽  
Acipenser Fulvescens ◽  
Total Plasma ◽  
Nefa Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nefa ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Nefa Concentration ◽  
Fatty Acid Species

To establish the effects of hydroelectric generation on the health of lake sturgeon (Acipenser fulvescens), seasonal variations in plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) upstream and downstream from hydroelectric stations were measured over a 2-yr period. Plasma NEFA profiles were also compared up- and downstream of the stations for differences in utilization of individual NEFA species as substrates for lipid oxidation. Significantly higher levels of total plasma NEFA were found in lake sturgeon upstream (2355 ± 395.9 nmol/mL) compared with those downstream (798 ± 133.5 nmol/mL) of the generating stations during the spring. The NEFA profiles for several key fatty acid species differed significantly among seasons up- and downstream of the facilities. In particular, during spring and summer, the levels of oleic acid (18:1n9) were highest upstream of the stations and levels of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n3), were higher below rather than above the stations. The differences in plasma NEFA concentration may be attributed to altered nutritional status due to the varying flow regime located downstream of the hydroelectric stations.

Effects of fasting on blood plasma levels, metabolism and metabolic effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine in steers

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fröhli ◽  
Jürg W. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Immunoreactive Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Before And After

Abstract. Experiments were designed to study effects of 3 days of fasting on blood plasma levels, metabolic clearance rates (MCR) and effects of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) on levels of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and immunoreactive insulin (IRI) in 12 steers. During fasting, levels of E, NE and protein did not change, whereas IRI, T3 and glucose decreased and NEFA, acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate increased. Before and at the end of fasting, NE or E were iv infused for 120 min. NE and E were elevated after 15 min and to the end of the infusion. The increase in E, but not in NE, was significantly greater after 3 days of fasting than before fasting (P < 0.05). MCR for E was lower after fasting (299 ± 17 vs 204 ± 10 ml·kg−0.75·min−1; P < 0.001), whereas MCR for NE was not significantly different (455 ± 37 vs 400 ±27 ml·kg−0.75·min−1). MCR was higher for NE than for E, both before and after fasting (P < 0.05). After the infusions, E and NE decreased within minutes to pre-infusion concentrations. During E infusions, NEFA increased significantly more, whereas glucose increased less in fasted than in fed animals. During NE infusions, NEFA increased in fasted, but not in fed animals, and glucose increased less at the end than before fasting. IRI decreased during E infusions only in fed animals, and transiently increased after the infusion, except after NE infusion in fasted steers. Changes in plasma levels, clearance rates and sensitivity to effects of NE and E, together with alterations of insulin and T3 concentrations, may contribute to shifts in energy metabolism during food restriction.

scholarly journals JENIS ASAM LEMAK MINYAK TEMPE BUSUK

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
M. H. Rachmawati ◽  
H. Soetjipto ◽  
A. Ign A. Ign. Kristijanto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Before And After

Overripe tempe is a food product that used by peoples in Indonesia as a food seasoning. So far, overripe tempe received less attention than fresh tempe and research of overripe tempe is rarely done. The objective of the study is to identify the fatty acid compounds of the  fifth day fermentation overripe tempe oil before and after purification . The overripe tempe oil of fifth day fermentation was extracted with soxhletation method using n – hexane solvent, then it was purified. The various fatty acids  of overripe tempe oil were analyzed by GC – MS. The purification process was done by using H3PO4 0,2% and NaOH 0,1N. The result of the study showed that before purification the oil  was composed of eight compounds  are palmitic acid (13,33%),  linoleic acid (77,57%), stearic acid (6,15%), and the five chemical components, Dasycarpidan – 1 - methanol, acetate ,  oleic acid, 9 - Octadecenamide ,Cholestane - 3, 7, 12, 25 - tetrol, tetraacetate, (3?, 5?, 7?, 12?) and  6, 7 – Epoxypregn – 4 – ene -9, 11, 18- triol - 3, 20 - dione, 11, 18 – diacetate have percentage of areas less than 3%. After purification the oil  was composed of palmitic acid (12,38% ), linoleic acid (80,35 %), stearic acid (5,84%), and 17 – Octadecynoic acid (1,42 %) .

Metabolism of free fatty acids by myocardium and kidney

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Gold ◽  
John J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Coronary Sinus ◽  
Renal Vein ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Significant Production ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

The myocardial and renal removal and oxidation of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) were studied in dogs receiving an infusion of I-C14-palmitate, oleate, linoleate, or octanoate. The myocardium extracted about 40% of the total arterial FFA, and some was oxidized to CO2. Blood C14O2 was consistently higher in the coronary sinus than in the artery. The specific activity of the coronary sinus C14O2 was higher than that of the arterial C14O2 in dogs infused with long-chain fatty acids. The specific activity of arterial C14O2 was higher than that of the coronary sinus C14O2 when octanoate was infused. There were no differences observed in FFA extraction and C14O2 production among the different groups of animals receiving the various long-chain fatty acids. In gas chromatographic studies palmitic acid was the only FFA with a consistent net removal by the kidney. Approximately 9% of the arterial radiopalmitate was removed by this organ in dogs receiving infusions of palmitic acid-1-C14. Simultaneously, C14O2 was produced by the kidney. A consistent removal of oleate-1-C14 or a significant production of C14O2 was not found. Infusion of octanoate-1-C14 led to a marked release of C14O2 by the kidney, with greatly increased CO2 specific activity in the renal vein.

scholarly journals Obesity increases free thyroxine proportionally to nonesterified fatty acid concentrations in adult neutered female cats

2007 ◽  
Vol 194 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
D C Ferguson ◽  
Z Caffall ◽  
M Hoenig
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acid ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽  
Total Thyroxine ◽  
Obesity Indices ◽  
The Impact

The obese cat is a model for the study of the progression toward type 2 diabetes. In this study, the impact of obesity on the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis was examined in 21 domestic shorthair cats before and after the development of obesity, which significantly increased body mass index (BMI), % body fat (BF), and girth (P<0.0001 for all). Serum total thyroxine (TT4), tri-iodothyronine, free T4 (FT4) by direct dialysis, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and leptin were measured, and FT4 fraction (FFT4) was calculated. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were measured in nine animals by validating a heterologous canine TSH assay with recombinant feline TSH as a standard. FT4, FFT4, NEFAs, and leptin were significantly higher in obese cats. FT4 had the strongest positive correlation with obesity indices BF, BMI, girth, NEFA, and leptin. Fatty acids oleate and palmitate were shown to inhibit T4 binding to pooled cat serum in vitro, suggesting the possibility that this mechanism was also relevant in vivo. Serum TT4 and TSH did not rise significantly. The implications for thyroid hormone (TH) action are not yet clear, but fatty acids have been proposed to inhibit the cellular uptake of TH and/or pituitary TH receptor binding, leading to TH resistance. Increased leptin may also alter sensitivity to negative feedback of TH. In conclusion, feline obesity is associated with a significant increase in FT4 within the normal range; future investigation into the cellular thyroid status will be necessary to establish cause and effect in this obesity model.

Turnover Rates of Fatty Acids of Plasma Triglyceride, Cholesterol Ester and Phospholipid in the Postabsorptive Dog

1958 ◽  
Vol 194 (3) ◽  
pp. 446-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret W. Bates
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Cholesterol Ester ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Triglyceride ◽  
Turnover Rates

The half-life times of plasma phospholipid and nonphospholipid fatty acids were determined in postabsorptive dogs using C14-carboxyl-labeled palmitic acid. Labeled plasma lipids were introduced into the blood of a recipient dog by cross-circulation with a donor dog that had been fed the radioactive palmitic acid 24 hours previously. Blood samples were taken at various time intervals after the cross-circulation was completed. When the specific activity of the nonphospholipid fatty acids was plotted against time, a semilogarithmic curve was obtained that was resolved into two exponential components with mean half-life times of 22.3 ± 21.9 (S.D.) and 905 ± 182 (S.D.) minutes. A half-life time of 327 ± 81 (S.D.) minutes was found for the phospholipid fatty acids. In one experiment the nonphospholipid fat was further fractionated chromatographically into triglycerides and cholesterol esters. The half-life times of the fatty acids of these two fractions were comparable to the values obtained for the fast and slow components, respectively, found in the preceding experiments. The turnover rate of the triglyceride fatty acids was 1502 ± 505 (S.D.) mg/hr. The rate of appearance of the cholesterol ester fatty acids into the plasma was 29.0 ± 32.7 (S.D.) mg/hr.; the rate of disappearance, 63.4 ± 38.0 (S.D.) mg/hr. A turnover rate of 125.2 ± 49.2 (S.D.) mg/hr. was found for the phospholipid fatty acids in the earlier experiments. The large turnover rate of the plasma triglyceride fatty acids strongly suggests that this fraction is important in the transport of fatty acids in the postabsorptive dog.

scholarly journals Ten weeks of aerobic training does not result in persistent changes in VLDL triglyceride turnover or oxidation in healthy men

2014 ◽  
Vol 171 (5) ◽  
pp. 603-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Kristian Vissing ◽  
Line Thams ◽  
Peter Sieljacks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Before And After

ObjectiveVery low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL–TG) and free fatty acids (FFA) constitute a substantial proportion of human energy supply both at rest and during exercise. Exercise acutely decreases VLDL–TG concentration, and VLDL–TG clearance is increased after an exercise bout. However, the effects of long-term training are not clear.DesignThe aim was to investigate long-term effects of training by direct assessments of VLDL–TG and palmitate kinetics and oxidation in healthy lean men (n=9) at rest, before and after a 10-week training program, compared with a non-training control group (n=9).MethodsVLDL–TG kinetics were assessed by a primed constant infusion of [1-14C]VLDL–TG, and VLDL–TG oxidation by specific activity (14CO2) in expired air. The metabolic study days were placed 60–72 h after the last exercise bout.ResultsPalmitate kinetics and oxidation were assessed by a 2 h constant infusion of [9,10-3H]palmitate. In the training group (n=9), maximal oxygen uptake increased significantly by ≈20% (P<0.05), and the insulin sensitivity (assessed by the hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamp) improved significantly (P<0.05). Despite these metabolic improvements, no changes were observed in VLDL–TG secretion, clearance, or oxidation or in palmitate kinetics.ConclusionWe conclude that 10 weeks of exercise training did not induce changes in VLDL–TG and palmitate kinetics in healthy lean men.

Effects of epinephrine infusion on determinants of intravenous glucose tolerance in dogs

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (5) ◽  
pp. E668-E673 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. K. Martin ◽  
K. M. Weber ◽  
R. C. Boston ◽  
F. P. Alford ◽  
J. D. Best
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Prolonged Infusion ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Before And After

Effects of four- to fivefold elevations of epinephrine (EPI) on glucose (Glc) metabolism were assessed in eight dogs before and after an intravenous Glc tolerance test, performed 30 min (short EPI) and 72 h (long EPI) after start of EPI infusion. Short EPI increased plasma nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA; 0.46 +/- 0.08 to 0.78 +/- 0.12 mmol/l, P less than 0.05), but Glc and insulin were unchanged. After long EPI, NEFA returned to control but Glc increased from 5.1 +/- 0.1 to 5.7 +/- 0.2 mmol/l (P less than 0.05). EPI reduced overall Glc tolerance (KG) from 3.5 +/- 0.7 to 2.5 +/- 0.2 (short EPI, P less than 0.05) and 2.3 +/- 0.3%/min (long EPI, P less than 0.02). Minimal model analysis showed that short EPI decreased insulin sensitivity (SI) from 7.9 +/- 1.1 to 4.2 +/- 1.2 min-1 per mU/l X 10(-4) (P less than 0.005) and increased pancreatic responsiveness (phi 1 from 3.7 +/- 0.3 to 7.4 +/- 2.9 mU/l.min-1 per mg/dl, P less than 0.025; phi 2 from 2.6 +/- 0.7 to 4.9 +/- 1.2 mU/l.min-2 per mg/dl). After long EPI SI, phi 1, and phi 2 returned to control. In contrast, Glc-mediated Glc disposal (SG) was decreased from 3.5 +/- 0.5 X 10(-2) to 2.8 +/- 0.6 X 10(-2) (short EPI) and 1.3 +/- 0.6 X 10(-2) min-1 (long EPI, P less than 0.02). We conclude that prolonged infusion of EPI leads to adaptation to its acute effects on NEFA, SI, phi 1, and phi 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

AGENTS AFFECTING LIPID METABOLISM: XXIII. THE EFFECT OF AN INHIBITOR OF CHOLESTEROL BIOSYNTHESIS ON THE INCORPORATION OF PRECURSORS OF PHOSPHATIDES IN RAT SERUM AND TISSUES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1239-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hill ◽  
J. G. Rochefort
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Rat Tissues ◽  
Rat Serum ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Base Moiety ◽  
Ay 9944

The biosynthesis of phosphatides in rat tissues was investigated with mixtures of choline-Me-14C and palmitic acid-9,10-3H, and dl-serine-3-14C and palmitic acid-9,10-3H respectively. Labeled choline and palmitic acid were incorporated at different rates into N-base and acyl moieties of phosphatides in the tissues, including the brain. Comparison of the specific activity of β-fatty acids of phosphatidyl ethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidyl cholines (PC), labeled with3H derived from palmitic acid, indicated that either the two phosphatides were synthesized from different pools of diglycerides, or that the acyl β-transferases involved in the synthesis of PE and PC had different rates of incorporation.In rats fed a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, AY-9944, the specific activity of β-fatty acids in PE and PC was reduced in the tissues, notably in the lungs. The incorporation of labeled choline was also reduced in the tissues. Except in the lungs, AY-9944 reduced the incorporation of labeled palmitic acid and choline into tissue sphingomyelins to a different degree. Evidence suggested that AY-9944 affected either diglyceride formation or the acyl β-transferases, or both. Furthermore, the alteration in diglyceride, or a more direct effect of AY-9944 on the incorporation of choline via cytidyl phosphorylcholine, resulted in a reduction of incorporation into the N-base moiety.

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