Age changes in blood of the golden hamster

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (5) ◽  
pp. 1018-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. House ◽  
B. Pansky ◽  
M. S. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Age Changes ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Initial Values ◽  
Beta Globulin

Studies were made on 500 male hamsters, ranging in age from 4 weeks to 1 year. Significant changes from the initial values of blood parameters established in the 4-week-old hamster were the following: a) neutropenia and lymphocytosis at 8 weeks with a return to the basic values by 1 year; b) sustained elevation of hematocrit values beginning at 8 weeks; c) a small increase in hemoglobin, persistent after 8 weeks; d) gradual decline in albumin during the 1st year; e) an elevation of the alpha-2 globulin by the 6th month; f) a decreased beta globulin beginning at 8 weeks; g) alternating increase, decrease, and increase of the gamma globulin-fibrinogen factor, at 8 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year, respectively; h) a decline in the A/G (albumin/globulin) ratio with increasing age; i) an increase in the albumin lipoprotein and a drop in the beta-gamma lipoprotein with advancing age. The fibrinogen of hamster plasma was linked to gamma globulin.

IMMUNOLOGIC AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO RHEUMATIC FEVER

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-576
Author(s):  
ROSE LUBSCHEZ
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Electrophoretic Pattern ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
The Individual ◽  
In Infants And Children

Electrophoretic analyses of blood plasma or serum of 30 children in apparent health between the ages of two and 11 years revealed that the relative concentration of the various components was in close agreement with adult values, although the individual variation was several times greater. For 27 children in apparent health, but who had experienced various types of infection during a one to four month interval prior to the time the specimen was taken, elevation of the gamma component occurred in about 40% of the determinations. Illness within the month produced the greatest number of abnormalities, although abnormalities were noted in specimens of children who had been free of infection two to three months. A few abnormalities were noted in all components except beta globulin. At younger ages (two to four years) children showed a slightly higher albumen level and a slightly lower gamma globulin level. Normal children susceptible to rheumatic fever on a genetic basis exhibited no specific differences in the electrophoretic pattern.

scholarly journals Antigenic Analysis of Plasminogen and Plasmin

Blood ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
UBALDO RIFÉ ◽  
FELIX MILGROM ◽  
SIDNEY SHULMAN
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antigenic Analysis ◽  
Antigenic Properties ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Unidentified Component ◽  
Human Plasminogen

Abstract Human plasminogen and plasmin preparations have been analyzed and compared for their antigenic properties. For the evaluation of such preparations, antisera to Kline plasminogen, prepared in rabbits, were used. Kline plasminogen revealed the presence of three distinct components. One of these was identical to gamma globulin of serum by both chemical and immunological criteria while the other two were in the beta-globulin mobility category. One of these latter could be identified with the proenzyme, plasminogen, itself; the other remained an unidentified component which could not be related to the proenzyme. Plasmin showed a similar pattern except for the absence of the gamma-globulin constituent. The two components of plasmin were antigenically identical to the corresponding components of plasminogen.

scholarly journals THE ANTIBODY MECHANISMS OF RAGWEED ALLERGY. ELECTROPHORETIC AND CHEMICAL STUDIES

1955 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Cooke ◽  
Arthur E. O. Menzel ◽  
Walter R. Kessler ◽  
Phyllis A. Myers
Keyword(s):  
Transfer Test ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Blocking Effect ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Quantitative Interpretation ◽  
Blocking Antibody ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Chemical Studies ◽  
Precision And Accuracy

Three human serums containing artificially produced blocking antibody against low ragweed allergen were studied for the possibility of relating blocking antibody to electrophoretically definable components. An adaptation of the qualitative passive transfer test to quantitative interpretation is described, methods and procedures are given and uncertainties and possible errors due to lack of precision and accuracy are presented and discussed. At least 65 per cent, but probably more, if not all of the blocking antibody is attributable to gamma globulin. However, no rise of gamma globulin, either its absolute amount or its relative percentage value, paralleled the appearance of blocking antibody. Blocking antibody is not contained in albumin or in alpha-1 globulin. Blocking effect could not be ascertained unequivocally as being connected with alpha-2 or with beta globulin and sizable participation of these two latter electrophoretic components appears improbable. Blocking antibody and sensitizing antibody appear to be chemically different entities.

scholarly journals Types of sterilization in feed containing different lipidic sources for golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolpho Marlon Antoniol de Moura ◽  
Clóvis de Paula Santos ◽  
Karoll Andrea Alfonso Torres Cordido ◽  
Leonardo Siqueira Glória ◽  
Rebeca Alves Weigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Hamster ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Protein Solubility ◽  
Mesocricetus Auratus ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Male Golden Hamsters ◽  
Authentic Data

Abstract The Golden hamster has been gaining significance as a new experimental biomodel, finding use as a reliable diagnostic tool in biomedical research and for zoonosis. Authentic data in terms of digestibility, interactions among raw materials and essential nutrients, besides the influence exerted by various sterilization processes on animal behavior remain unclear. We aimed to assess the influence of sterilization, via autoclaving and irradiation, of pellet feeds prepared using salmon or linseed oil on the digestibility and plasma biochemical parameters in Golden hamsters. Randomized evaluations were conducted on 36 adult male Golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus), distributed in six treatments and six replications, namely: common salmon oil; radiated salmon; autoclaved salmon; common linseed oil; radiated linseed and autoclaved linseed. A remarkable effect of the sterilization was evident on the digestibility and protein solubility of the feed, which was lower for autoclaved diets. There was also a significant effect on blood parameters. Animals fed diets containing linseed oil showed lower blood glucose compared to the others. Thus, the inference reached was that while salmon and linseed oil can be used in laboratory hamster feeds, autoclaving disturbs the nutritional quality of the rations.

scholarly journals Studies on the effects of cephradine and colibacellosis on immunological status of broiler chicken vaccinated with newcastle virus vaccine

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Ashraf Elkomy ◽  
Mohamed Aboubakr ◽  
Elsayed Emam ◽  
Mohammed Kassem
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Immunological Status ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
G Ratio

The present study was carried out using 100, one-day old broiler chicks to evaluate the immunological status of broiler chicks vaccinated with Newcastle virus vaccine and infected with E coli and treated by cephradinee.At day 15th of age, broilers chicks were divided into 4 equal groups (25 chicks in each). 1st group, healthy non infected non treated broilers (control group). 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups expermintally infected with E. coli was done at 15th day of age. 2nd group infected, non treated broilers, 3rd group infected broilers and vaccinated with Newcastle disease virus vaccine, 4th group infected broilers vaccinated with Newcastle vaccine and received 20 mg/kg b.wtcephradinee in drinking water daily for 5 consecutive days. At 1st, 10th and 20th day post administration, blood samples were collected for determination cellular and humeral immune response. Infected broilers with E coli only or infected broilers and vaccinated display significant increase in leukocyte, heterophils, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, killing percentage, nitric oxide, lysozyme activity and gamma globulin. Beside significant decrease in lymphocyte, serum total protein, albumin, total globulin, A/G ratio and HI titer coupled with insignificant decrease in esinophils, basophils and monocyte, beta globulin associated with insignificant increase in alpha globulin allover experimental period post vaccination when compared with control broilers. Vaccinated-Infected broilers that received 20 mg/kg b.wtcephradine daily for five consecutive days revealed significant increase in leukocyte, heterophils, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, killing % and gamma globulin at 1st day post treatment coupled with insignificant increase at 10th and 20th day post treatment. In-addition to significant decrease in serum total protein, albumin, total globulin A/G ratio and HI associated with non significant decrease in esinophils, basophils, monocyte,beta globulin and non significant increase in nitric oxide, lysozyme activity and alpha globulin allover the experiment when compared with control broilers. It could be concluded that, colibacillosis in broiler chickens and cephradine induced some adverse effects on immunological status of broiler chickens. Therefore, it’s important not vaccinated broiler during colibacelosis or using cephradine in treatment.  

Preparing Citrated Non-Activated Gamma Globulin for Rapid Infusion.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4118-4118
Author(s):  
Edward Shanbrom ◽  
William J. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Rapid Infusion ◽  
Subcutaneous Infusion ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Safety Studies ◽  
Plasma Fractions ◽  
Intravenous Gamma Globulin ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Free Plasma ◽  
Very High

Abstract Human plasma is our most valuable source of therapeutic proteins, and intravenous gamma globulin (IVIg) is the most widely used plasma derivative. Traditional yields of the product from alcohol fractionation are not optimal; added to this, viral contamination and other well known side effects, including fever and aseptic meningitis, continue to be of concern. A method of precipitating very high yields of cryoprecipitable proteins with sodium citrate (“Supercryoprecipitation”) has been previously described. A by-product of “Supercryoprecipitation” is a very clean cryoprecipitate-free plasma supernatant, with a citrate concentration of 5% to 6% (w/v). When up to 10% (w/v) additional citrate is introduced into the supernatant, there is a preferential precipitation of nearly 100% of the remaining gamma globulin. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) yield was measured by radial immunodiffusion (86.3% ± 12.5%). IgG, being the largest fraction of gamma globulin, is most often used as a measure of product quality. Protein electrophoresis of the citrate precipitation product showed very little contamination by other plasma fractions (albumin: 9.8% ± 3.3%, alpha globulin: 1.6% ± 0.6%, beta globulin: 3.9% ± 1.2%, gamma globulin 84.3% ± 13.8%). Unlike present protein precipitation methods, citrate precipitation does not rely on denaturation, thereby better preserving the native structure of immunoglobulin. This may lead to improved tolerance during infusion, and may allow for more rapid infusion rates, or improved subcutaneous infusion. Stability and safety studies are currently underway. Considering the current unsettled climate in the world, the potential for improved gamma globulin therapies and supply should not be overlooked.

scholarly journals The Lack of Selective Reincorporation into Tissue Protein of the Amino Acids Derived from the Catabolism of Serum Protein

1963 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jevrosima Radovich ◽  
Andor Szentivanyi ◽  
David W. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Time Activity ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Zero Time

Homologous S35-labeled albumin, gamma globulin, and alpha-beta globulin were transfused into rabbits and the specific activities of the electrophoretic fractions of the sera of the recipients were determined at various time intervals up to 12 days after injection. Detectable reincorporation into a fraction other than that transfused was found only in the gamma globulin fraction after albumin injection. This activity rose between 2 and 12 days and reached a level of 2 to 3 per cent of the extrapolated zero time activity of the albumin fraction. When homologous serum protein doubly labeled with I131 and S35 was transfused into mice, marked drops in the ratios of I131 to S35 in the serum and tissue proteins were observed between 1 and 48 hours after injection. On the basis of a determination of the absolute and relative amounts of I131 and S35 found in the various tissue and serum proteins, the amount of reincorporation of S35 into each protein was calculated. The relative amounts of reincorporation of S35 among the various tissues were remarkably similar to the relative amounts of incorporation of S35 after the injection of labeled free amino acids. It is concluded that serum protein does not form a major direct source of amino acids to the tissues but feeds them indirectly through the extracellular pool.

scholarly journals The Metabolism of Serum Proteins in Neonatal Rabbits

1960 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. 1047-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria P. Deichmiller ◽  
Frank J. Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Serum Protein ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Unit Weight ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Newborn Animals

1. Incorporation of S35-labeled amino acids into serum proteins has been studied in neonatal and developing rabbits. It was found that, per unit weight, neonatal rabbits synthesized only about 1/36 of the gamma globulin, 1/7 of the beta globulin, ½ of the alpha globulin, and ⅛ of the albumin that an adult synthesized. The growing rabbit developed the ability to synthesize various serum proteins at different times. 2. Plasma volumes and serum protein concentrations were determined at different times during the growth period of the rabbit. Plasma volumes were found to be 1 and ½ times larger in newborn animals than in adults, with a gradual decline to the adult level. The total serum protein concentration at birth was about 60 to 65 per cent of the adult value and gradually increased with growth as the plasma volume decreased. 3. Half-lives of homologous albumin and gamma globulin were studied. The half-life of albumin in neonates was nearly twice as long as the half-life in adults, the latter value being reached at 1 month of age. The half-life of gamma globulin in neonates was more than twice as long as the half-life in adults and reached adult values at 2 to 3 months. 4. Attempts were made to alter serum protein metabolism. Gamma globulin synthesis early in life was augmented with antigen injections.

scholarly journals ALTERATIONS IN SERUM GLOBULINS DURING THE FORMATION AND RESORPTION OF AMYLOID IN RABBITS

1956 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goetz W. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Filter Paper ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Paper Electrophoresis ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Cessation Of Treatment

A marked increase of the serum beta globulins was found in rabbits developing amyloidosis as a result of prolonged treatment with ribonucleate administered by subcutaneous injections. Following cessation of treatment the beta globulin levels gradually returned to normal while the gamma globulin levels rose strikingly, the changes being accompanied by a resorption of amyloid from the spleen, and probably also from the kidneys. Electrophoretic studies provided some evidence that the increase in beta globulins which accompanied the development of amyloidosis resulted from the production of a globulin not normally present in rabbit serum. A protein or protein derivative that moved as a beta globulin when subjected to filter paper electrophoresis was excreted in substantial quantities in the urine of several amyloidotic rabbits, along with much smaller quantities of substances moving as albumin, alpha and gamma globulins. Considered as a whole, the findings indicate a causal relationship between the abnormal production of circulating beta globulins and the deposition of amyloid in rabbits treated with ribonucleate. Hence it appears that a beta globulin may be directly involved in the formation of amyloid under the conditions of the experiments here reported.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL HYPERGLOBULINEMIA

1952 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goetz W. Richter
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Causative Factor ◽  
Subcutaneous Injections ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Beta Globulin ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Salt Fractionation

It was shown, by means of salt fractionation procedures and electrophoresis that a marked and sustained hyperglobulinemia regularly resulted when sodium ribonucleate was injected subcutaneously at frequent intervals into rabbits undergoing immunization with horse serum. The hyperglobulinemia was characterized by a large increase in the gamma globulin levels, and a slight increase in the alpha and beta globulin levels. In control experiments done concurrently, the immunization of rabbits with horse serum, accompanied by subcutaneous injections of saline instead of ribonucleate, resulted in only moderate elevations in gamma globulin levels, while injections of ribonucleate alone brought about slight elevations in all three globulin components in some of the animals. Precipitin tests showed that the rabbits immunized with horse serum and simultaneously treated with ribonucleate developed antibody titers against horse serum that were no higher than those of the immunized controls given saline instead of ribonucleate. Indeed, some of the animals treated with horse serum and ribonucleate had globulin levels that were much higher and had antibody titers that were significantly lower than were those of several rabbits receiving horse serum and saline. Injections of ribonucleate alone did not result in the formation of specific antibodies detectable by means of precipitin tests. The results made it plain that the hyperglobulinemia of the animals treated with horse serum and ribonucleate was not due to an excessive production of specific antibodies. The findings as a whole provide further evidence that nucleotides play an important role in the formation of proteins in animals, and they indicate that an abnormally increased utilization of ribonucleotides by cells capable of producing globulins may be a causative factor in the pathogenesis of hyperglobulinemia.

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