scholarly journals Effect in dogs of various portal vein shunts on response to insulin

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Starzl ◽  
George W. Butz ◽  
William H. Meyer ◽  
Elizabeth E. Torok ◽  
Ralph E. Dolkart
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
General Health ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Portacaval Transposition ◽  
Portal Drainage ◽  
Made In

Surgical alterations of portal drainage patterns were made in dogs in order to determine the effect of redistribution of endogenous and injected insulin. With an Eck fistula, progressive diminution of hypoglycemic response to insulin was noted. With a reverse Eck fistula, the fall in venous blood sugar was comparable whether injection was given via the portal system or systemically. With portacaval transposition, in which the pancreatic drainage is diverted from the liver, no alterations in general health, fasting blood sugars, or insulin response were noted. The results are discussed in relation to recent concepts in which insulin is thought to regulate or be regulated by the liver.

scholarly journals Effects of BZ 55 and DBI on Blood ATP, Inorganic Phosphorus and Capillary-Venous Blood Sugar Difference

1959 ◽  
Vol 69 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Goto ◽  
Yukio Ujiie ◽  
Akira Takanami ◽  
Akihiko Kuwano ◽  
Tatsuru Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus

Effects of PACAP1–27 on the canine endocrine pancreas in vivo: interaction with cholinergic mechanism

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 720-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nobuharu Yamaguchi ◽  
Tamar Rita Minassian ◽  
Sanae Yamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Pancreas ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Venous Blood Flow ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanism ◽  
Insulin And Glucagon Secretion ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

The aim of the present study was to characterize the effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on the endocrine pancreas in anesthetized dogs. PACAP1–27 and a PACAP receptor (PAC1) blocker, PACAP6–27, were locally administered to the pancreas. PACAP1–27 (0.005–5 μg) increased basal insulin and glucagon secretion in a dose-dependent manner. PACAP6–27 (200 μg) blocked the glucagon response to PACAP1–27 (0.5 μg) by about 80%, while the insulin response remained unchanged. With a higher dose of PACAP6–27 (500 μg), both responses to PACAP1–27 were inhibited by more than 80%. In the presence of atropine with an equivalent dose (128.2 μg) of PACAP6–27 (500 μg) on a molar basis, the insulin response to PACAP1–27 was diminished by about 20%, while the glucagon response was enhanced by about 80%. The PACAP1–27-induced increase in pancreatic venous blood flow was blocked by PACAP6–27 but not by atropine. The study suggests that the endocrine secretagogue effect of PACAP1–27 is primarily mediated by the PAC1 receptor, and that PACAP1–27 may interact with muscarinic receptor function in PACAP-induced insulin and glucagon secretion in the canine pancreas in vivo.Key words: atropine, PACAP, PAC1, muscarinic, interaction.

Glucagon and insulin metabolism in a portal-hypertensive rat model

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (2) ◽  
pp. G110-G115 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sikuler ◽  
J. Polio ◽  
R. J. Groszmann ◽  
R. Hendler
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Clearance Rate ◽  
Portal Blood Flow ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Metabolic Clearance Rate ◽  
Insulin Metabolism ◽  
Portosystemic Shunting ◽  
Glucagon And Insulin

The role that portosystemic shunting plays in inducing the alterations of glucagon and insulin metabolism, which are observed in chronic liver disease, was studied in a rat model of prehepatic portal hypertension induced by portal vein constriction. Net splanchnic output of the hormones into the portal circulation was calculated from the difference between portal and systemic concentrations multiplied by portal plasma flow. Metabolic clearance rate was calculated as the ratio between output and systemic concentration. Portal blood flow was measured by the radioactive microsphere technique. Glucagon output in the portal vein-ligated rats was higher than in the sham-operated controls (5.9 +/- 1.5 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.2 ng/min, P less than 0.05). The metabolic clearance rate of glucagon was not significantly different between the two groups. Insulin output was not significantly different between the two groups; however, the metabolic clearance rate of insulin in the portal vein-ligated rats was reduced in comparison with the sham-operated group (9.5 +/- 1.5 vs. 18.4 +/- 3.3 ml/min, P less than 0.05). Our results indicate that portosystemic shunting per se is sufficient to cause an increased splanchnic output of glucagon into the portal system and a decreased metabolic clearance of insulin.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Modified Glucose Tolerance Test among Pregnant Malaysian Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Muna Kh. Al-kubaisi ◽  
Saad M. Al-Shibli ◽  
Nilar Win
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Local Protocol

Aim: Is to find the mean and two standard deviation of the serum blood sugar among pregnant women while running the modified oral glucose tolerance test (MOGTT) as screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) & to compare the readings with other protocols adopted in diagnosing GDM. Method: A cross sectional study among pregnant women running routine MOGTT at 24-28 weeks’ gestation. A total of 149 women participated in 4 months period. The test included 5 ml of venous blood sample taken after fasting for 8 hours and a second blood sample 2 hours after having 200 ml of 75 g glucose solution within 10 minutes. Results: The mean for the fasting blood sugar is 4.32 mmol/L±0.52 making value of 2SD of 5.36 mmol/l. The mean of the 2 hours glucose level was 6.11mmol/l±1.38 making the 2SD value of 8.87 mmol/l. Conclusion: Our results for the 1st reading in MOGTT is near to the value of the local protocol in diagnosing GDM. The 2 hours postprandial reading in the local protocol is fairly low when compared with our findings & with guidelines of nearby communities.

scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Aziana Valley Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Heba Mohammed Fayyad ◽  
Isaac Saleh Al-Akam
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Parallel Patterns ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Mixed Sediments ◽  
Sedimentation Processes ◽  
Made In

The present study aims at examining quantitatively the morphometric characteristics of Iziana Valley basin that is located in the northern part of Iraq; particularly in south of Erbil Governorate. This basin is considered one of the small sub-basins where its valleys run on formations of the Triple and Quadrant Ages, which are represented by the Bay Hassan formations, and the sediments and mixed sediments of the cliffs, respectively. The area of ​​the Iziana basin amounts to (36.39 km2) whereas the percentage of its rotation reaches (0.17); a low percentage, which indicates that the basin diverges from the circular to the rectangular shape. The value of the elongation ratio of the basin reaches (0.38) while the terrain ratio of the basin is (0.03), a low percentage that entails the weakness of its erosion processes and the small volume of the carried and transported sediments. As for the relative topography of the basin, it was (1.08), which is also a low value. It indicates a relatively large area of ​​the basin and the impressive strides that it has made in its erosion cycle. The total river levels of the basin reach (5) ranks, and their numbers vary from one rank to another. Moreover, the total length of the drainage networks in the basin reached (187.4 km), and the prevailing drainage patterns in the basin are the tree and parallel patterns. The researcher has adopted spatial, formal, topographical, and river net-work properties for the purpose of first determining the shape of the basin, the stage of its erosion, its secondary basins, and its terrestrial features that have been developed as a result of the contrast between the erosion and sedimentation processes. 

scholarly journals Clinical assessment of acid-base balance in Netherland Dwarf rabbit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Chapel ◽  
J. L. Benedito ◽  
J. Hernández ◽  
P. Famigli-Bergamini ◽  
C. Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Base Balance ◽  
Biochemical Profiles ◽  
Made In

Abstract Pet rabbits have increased their popularity in a lot of countries. However, most of the laboratory profiles in rabbit medicine come from the observations made in rabbit as biomodels or meat production. So that further researches are necessary to obtain reference values for hematology and biochemical profiles in pet rabbits and the different breeds, especially, in relation to acid-base balance. The aim of this report was to offer the mean values of the main parameters connected with acid-base profile in Netherland Dwarf breed. Thirty-five healthy rabbits (15 males and 20 females) were studied. Venous blood sample from lateral saphenous vein was analyzed to measure: haematocrit, haemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, blood pH, partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), total CO2, ions bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, base excess and anion Gap. Results showed a shorter range that those reported by different researchers. Moreover, differences between genders were showed in pCO2, its values were higher in males. It may be associated with a greater cellular metabolism. Values obtained in this research should be taken into account by veterinary clinicians for this breed in their clinical assessments. Besides, these values provide new results in parameters with few reference values.

Endothelial Damage of the Portal Vein is Associated with Heparin-Like Effect in Advanced Stages of Cirrhosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 120 (08) ◽  
pp. 1173-1181
Author(s):  
Sarah Shalaby ◽  
Paolo Simioni ◽  
Elena Campello ◽  
Luca Spiezia ◽  
Sabrina Gavasso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Thrombotic Complication ◽  
Vein Thrombosis ◽  
Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Local Risk

Abstract Background Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is the most common thrombotic complication in cirrhosis; however, local risk factors involved in its pathogenesis are still not fully investigated. The aim of the study was to evaluate hemostasis and endothelial damage in the portal vein in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Methods Adult cirrhotics undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt were consecutively enrolled. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), dosage of total circulating glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and endotoxemia levels (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]), along with evaluation of endothelial dysfunction by quantification of circulating endothelial microparticles (MPs), were performed on citrated peripheric and portal venous blood samples from each enrolled patient. Results Forty-five cirrhotics were enrolled. ROTEM analysis revealed the presence of a significant heparin-like effect in portal blood (median ɑ angle NATEM 50° vs. HEPTEM 55°, p = 0.027; median coagulation time NATEM 665 s vs. HEPTEM 585 s, p = 0.006), which was not detected in peripheral blood, and was associated with a higher concentration of circulating GAGs. Even though total annexin V-MP circulating MPs were less concentrated in the splanchnic district, the proportion of MPs of endothelial origin, with respect to annexin V-MP, was significantly increased in the portal district (p = 0.036). LPS concentration was higher in portal (197 pg/mL) compared with peripheral blood (165 pg/mL) (p < 0.001). Conclusion Evidences of a damage of glycocalyx along with increased concentration of endothelial MPs suggest the presence of a significant endothelial alteration in the portal vein with respect to peripheral veins. Portal site-specific endothelial damage could hamper its antithrombotic properties and may represent an important local risk factor in the pathogenesis of PVT.

Splanchnic clearance of plasma vasopressin in the dog: evidence for prehepatic extraction

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (6) ◽  
pp. E611-E615
Author(s):  
K. Matsui ◽  
L. Share ◽  
D. P. Brooks ◽  
J. T. Crofton ◽  
R. W. Rockhold
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Flow ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Venous Drainage ◽  
Extraction Ratio ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Specific Localization ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Made In ◽  
Venous Plasma

It is generally considered that the liver is primarily responsible for the extraction of vasopressin from the circulating blood by the splanchnic viscera. To investigate this matter further, measurements were made in the anesthetized dog of the concentrations of vasopressin in arterial, portal venous, and hepatic venous plasma, and of total splanchnic plasma flow and hepatic arterial plasma flow. The total splanchnic vasopressin extraction ratio was 12.9 +/- 1.0%. However, the concentration of vasopressin in portal venous plasma was consistently lower than in arterial plasma, and there was a substantial prehepatic extraction of vasopressin, averaging 10.5 +/- 0.8%. A quantitative evaluation of the contribution of the “prehepatic” viscera, i.e., viscera with venous drainage into the portal vein, is provided by the relevant clearances of vasopressin. The prehepatic and total splanchnic vasopressin clearances were 1.58 +/- 0.20 and 3.04 +/- 0.31 ml X min-1 X kg-1, respectively. Thus, the splanchnic viscera other than the liver were responsible for approximately half of the splanchnic clearance of vasopressin; the remainder could be attributed to the liver. Immunoreactive vasopressin was not found in the bile. In splenectomized dogs, in which venous blood was collected from the superior mesenteric vein, the vasopressin extraction ratio was 14.6 +/- 2.3%, suggesting that the prehepatic clearance of vasopressin occurs largely in the mesenteric bed. A more specific localization of the prehepatic clearance sites has not as yet been made.

Effect of stimulation of hepatic nerves on hepatic O2 uptake and blood flow

1977 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
pp. H652-H656
Author(s):  
W. W. Lautt
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Hepatic Artery ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Neurogenic Vasoconstriction ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Hepatic Nerves ◽  
Stimulation Of

Acute denervation of the liver did not result in changes of oxygen uptake or hemodynamics in the intact liver of the cat. Stimulation of the hepatic nerves resulted in a marked reduction of vascular conductance of the hepatic artery and portal vein (intrahepatic) resulting in almost complete cessation of arterial flow and increased portal blood pressure. The hepatic artery showed a more complete escape from the neurogenic vasoconstriction than did the portal vein. During the stable "escape phase" oxygen delivery was 86% of control, but hepatic extraction of oxygen increased so that oxygen uptake was not altered from control values. The return of oxygen consumption to normal during nerve stimulation suggests that redistribution of hepatic blood flow did not occur. In spite of arterial and portal venous blood pressure changes and changes in gut conductance, oxygen extraction of the gut did not change.

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