scholarly journals Morphometric Characteristics of the Aziana Valley Basin

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-180
Author(s):  
Heba Mohammed Fayyad ◽  
Isaac Saleh Al-Akam
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Parallel Patterns ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Mixed Sediments ◽  
Sedimentation Processes ◽  
Made In

The present study aims at examining quantitatively the morphometric characteristics of Iziana Valley basin that is located in the northern part of Iraq; particularly in south of Erbil Governorate. This basin is considered one of the small sub-basins where its valleys run on formations of the Triple and Quadrant Ages, which are represented by the Bay Hassan formations, and the sediments and mixed sediments of the cliffs, respectively. The area of ​​the Iziana basin amounts to (36.39 km2) whereas the percentage of its rotation reaches (0.17); a low percentage, which indicates that the basin diverges from the circular to the rectangular shape. The value of the elongation ratio of the basin reaches (0.38) while the terrain ratio of the basin is (0.03), a low percentage that entails the weakness of its erosion processes and the small volume of the carried and transported sediments. As for the relative topography of the basin, it was (1.08), which is also a low value. It indicates a relatively large area of ​​the basin and the impressive strides that it has made in its erosion cycle. The total river levels of the basin reach (5) ranks, and their numbers vary from one rank to another. Moreover, the total length of the drainage networks in the basin reached (187.4 km), and the prevailing drainage patterns in the basin are the tree and parallel patterns. The researcher has adopted spatial, formal, topographical, and river net-work properties for the purpose of first determining the shape of the basin, the stage of its erosion, its secondary basins, and its terrestrial features that have been developed as a result of the contrast between the erosion and sedimentation processes. 

Morphologic and Engineering Characteristics of East Wasit Watersheds Feeding the Al-Shewicha Trough in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed S. Shamkhi ◽  
Jasim Mohammed Ridha Azee ◽  
Ali A. Abdul-Sahib
Keyword(s):  
Peak Flow ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Coarse Texture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
High Runoff ◽  
Group B

The Al-Shewicha Trough represents a serious flood hazard to Kut City (the capital of Wasit Province, Iraq) and to the other cities along the Tigris River downstream Kut Barrage, especially in heavy monsoon years. In this study, The Geographic Information System software ArcGIS was used in the morphologic analysis of six river basins that represent the main feeding sources for the Al-Shewicha Trough. The results revealed that the high values for the greatest length of Basins 1, 5, and 6 meant that these watersheds had high concentration time (tc) values, which delay peak flow. All basins consisted of very coarse and permeable subsurface strata that were of coarse texture. Circularity ratio form factor and elongation ratio suggested an elongated shape for all basins with lower peak flow and long duration. Analyses of soil data demonstrated that the soil type that covered a large area was loam soil (classified as hydrologic soil group B), which indicates that all basins had low permeability and high runoff. The predominant land use was bare soil, and all basins had a covering of poor vegetation, which highlighted the fact that basins were highly susceptible to erosion, thus resulting in the generation of higher sedimentation.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Impact of the Large Building Investments on the Neighborhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6537
Author(s):  
Marian Łupieżowiec
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Building ◽  
Additional Safety ◽  
Made In

The article presents the concept of monitoring buildings and infrastructure elements located near large construction investments (the construction of high-rise buildings of the Oak Terraces housing estate in Katowice and the construction of a tunnel under the roundabout in Katowice along the intercity express road DTŚ). The impacts include deep excavation, lowering of the groundwater level over a large area, and dynamic influences related to the use of impact methods of soil improvement. The presented monitoring includes observation of the groundwater level with the use of piezometers, geodetic measurements of settlement and inclinations, as well as the measurement of vibration amplitudes generated during the works involving shocks and vibrations. It was also important to observe the development of cracks on the basis of a previously made inventory of damage. The results of the monitoring allow corrections to be made in the technology of works (e.g., reduction of vibration amplitudes, application of additional protections at excavations, etc.) or the use additional safety measures. Currently, there are also monitoring systems used during the operation of completed facilities.

Organic Materials for Multifunctional Transistor-Based Devices

2002 ◽  
Vol 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.E. Katz ◽  
T. Someya ◽  
B. Crone ◽  
X.M. Hong ◽  
M. Mushrush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Microprocessor Technology ◽  
Silicon Based ◽  
Electronic Ink ◽  
Made In ◽  
Charge Channel

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are “soft material” versions of accumulationmode silicon-based FETs, where a gate field across a dielectric induces a conductive charge channel at the interface of the dielectric with a semiconductor, between source and drain electrodes. Charge carrier mobilities >0.01 and on/off ratios >10,000 are routinely obtained, adequate for a few specialized applications such as electrophoretic pixel switches but well below standards established for silicon microprocessor technology. Still, progress that has been made in solution-phase semiconductor deposition and the printing of contacts and dielectrics stimulates the development of OFET circuits for situations where extreme low cost, large area, and mechanical flexibility are important. Circuits with hundreds of OFETs have been demonstrated and a prototype OFETcontrolled black-on-white “electronic ink” sign has been fabricated.

scholarly journals Effect in dogs of various portal vein shunts on response to insulin

1962 ◽  
Vol 203 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Starzl ◽  
George W. Butz ◽  
William H. Meyer ◽  
Elizabeth E. Torok ◽  
Ralph E. Dolkart
Keyword(s):  
Portal Vein ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
General Health ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Portal System ◽  
Drainage Patterns ◽  
Portacaval Transposition ◽  
Portal Drainage ◽  
Made In

Surgical alterations of portal drainage patterns were made in dogs in order to determine the effect of redistribution of endogenous and injected insulin. With an Eck fistula, progressive diminution of hypoglycemic response to insulin was noted. With a reverse Eck fistula, the fall in venous blood sugar was comparable whether injection was given via the portal system or systemically. With portacaval transposition, in which the pancreatic drainage is diverted from the liver, no alterations in general health, fasting blood sugars, or insulin response were noted. The results are discussed in relation to recent concepts in which insulin is thought to regulate or be regulated by the liver.

Stability Test Of 4 Ft2 Triple-Junction a-Si Alloy PV Production Modules

1994 ◽  
Vol 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Deng ◽  
M. Izu ◽  
K. L. Narasimhan ◽  
S. R. Ovshinsky
Keyword(s):  
Triple Junction ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Roll To Roll ◽  
Manufacturing Line ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Stable Module ◽  
Module Efficiency ◽  
Sun Light ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTWe report results of stability tests of 4 ft2 triple-junction a-Si alloy photovoltaic (PV) Modules. These Modules were produced in ECD's 2 Megawatt (MW) continuous, roll-to-roll PV Manufacturing line during the early stage of optimization. The stable module efficiency after 600 hours of 1 sun light soaking at approximately 50°C under load, is 8%. This is the highest stable efficiency for large area (≥4 ft2) a-Si alloy PV Modules Made in a production line.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF WADI DARNAH WATERSHED NE LIBYA, USING GIS TECHNIQUES

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-49
Author(s):  
Nouria El Hadi. A. Aboshaala
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Structural Control ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Elongation Ratio ◽  
Drainage Pattern ◽  
Infiltration Capacity ◽  
Stream Network ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Drainage Patterns

Wadi Darnah is about 586 km2 and lies in the northern portion of the Al Jabil AL Akhdar. The Wadi drains into the Mediterranean Sea. The present study incorporates a morphometric analysis of Wadi Darnah by using remote sensing and GIS techniques. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and topographic sheets were processed in ArcGIS software. The study revealed that the drainage patterns of stream network from the basin are mainly of dendritic type which indicates homogeneity in texture and lack of structural control. The bifurcation ratio value of 4.53 indicates that the area is not much influenced by the geological structure and undisturbed drainage pattern. The study area is of the low density group basins (2.09 km-1). The elongation ratio (0.36), circularity ratio (0.14) and form factor (0.10) show elongated basin with steep relief, moderate discharge, and a long main channel. The basin has a high relief up to 850 m, which leads to a high rate of runoff but the effect of this water flow is reduced by the high infiltration capacity due to the high rate of karstification and karst features in the basin area.

scholarly journals Feed not weeds - doing the basics well

1998 ◽  
pp. 19-21
Author(s):  
Peter Brooker
Keyword(s):  
Major Elements ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Winter Crop ◽  
S Application ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Made In

Margaret and I own and operate a farm of 260 effective ha in the Maruia Valley. We have a 230-cow dairy unit on 125 ha and use the remaining area to support the dairy operation and run 450 ewes and approximately 60 beef bulls. During the late 1970s and early 1980s we developed a large area of manuka and fern country into pasture. As we were working reasonably large areas of difficult country, some areas were quite rough when sown down and the home block was abandoned in terms of cultivation for a number of years. Since 1985 we have undertaken quite a lot of regrassing of the newer areas and when the decision was made in March 1995 to return to dairying, the home block (now dairy) received some urgent attention and approximately 40 ha of the dairy unit has now been redeveloped. On the dry stock unit we are now growing brassicas to winter the dairy stock. The need to cultivate and regrass or grow a winter crop is determined by three factors: • Pasture production/species of existing pasture. • Contour, infestation of rushes, cutty grass, drain spoil, etc. • Compaction and therefore pugging problems. Over the last 10 years we have sown a variety of species, with the main emphasis on short- to medium-term ryegrasses mixed with clovers and timothy. We have had very good results with these varieties, especially when considering the excellent autumn/early spring production of these species and the importance of fully feeding early in the season to capture milk, beef and lamb growth opportunities. The lack of stem weevil, good fertility and moisture levels ensures many good seasons out of short-rotation species. Low endophyte levels in pasture are also a benefit. When a paddock is earmarked for regrassing, a soil test is done if fertility is questionable. Most of our farm has adequate base phosphorus and pH levels. The dairy unit levels range between 30 and 40 P, and 5.8 pH. The dry stock areas range from 25+ P, and 5.6-5.8 pH. All other major elements are in the optimum range. Annual fertiliser (N/P/K/S) application is: Dairy 114/50/80/87 Dry stock 30/25/25/35

Functional organization within the medullary reticular formation of intact unanesthetized cat. I. Movements evoked by microstimulation

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Drew ◽  
S. Rossignol
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stem ◽  
Reticular Formation ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Medullary Reticular Formation ◽  
Discrete Movements ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Flexion And Extension ◽  
Made In

1. The present article described the various patterns of movement evoked in the limbs and neck by microstimulation (33-ms trains, 330 Hz, 0.2-ms pulses at less than or equal to 35 microA) of the medullary reticular formation (MRF) of seven chronically implanted, unanesthetized, intact cats. Altogether 878 loci were stimulated in 83 penetrations. However, as stimulation in the more lateral regions of the MRF was less effective, the results are based on stimulation in 592 loci made in 56 penetrations at distances of between 0.5 and 2.5 mm lateral to the midline. 2. Of these 592 loci, movement of one or more parts of the body was evoked from a total of 539 (91%) sites. Most of these movements were compound in nature, involving movement of one or more limbs as well as the head. Discrete movements were observed only with respect to the head; limb movements were always accompanied by head movement. In addition, hindlimb movements were always accompanied by forelimb movements, although the inverse was generally not true. 3. The most common effects of the stimulation were as follows: a turning of the head to the ipsilateral side (79% of stimulated sites); flexion of the ipsilateral elbow (41%); and extension of the contralateral elbow (45%). Effects in the hindlimbs were more variable and less frequent, with the majority of the effective loci causing flexion of the ipsilateral knee (9%) together with extension of the contralateral knee (8%). In total, including both flexion and extension, 18% of the stimulated sites caused movement of the ipsilateral hindlimb and 11% of the contralateral hindlimb. 4. Although movements of the head were obtained from the whole extent of the brain stem, movements of the forelimbs showed a dorsoventral organization with flexion of the ipsilateral elbow being evoked from the more dorsal regions of the brain stem, whereas contralateral elbow extension was evoked more frequently from the ventral regions. There was a large area of overlap from which movements of both limbs could be obtained simultaneously. Movements of the hindlimbs were more frequently evoked from central and ventral areas of the brain stem and from the most rostral aspect of the explored region. 5. In examining the combinations of movements evoked by the MRF stimulation, it was found that the most commonly evoked pattern was movement of the head to the stimulated side together with flexion of the ipsilateral forelimb and extension of the contralateral forelimb (26.5% of sites).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Biological Effects of Power-plant Thermal Effluents in Card Sound, Florida

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitra Thorhaug ◽  
Martin A. Roessler ◽  
Steven D. Bach ◽  
Raymond Hixon ◽  
Iver M. Brook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Benthic Community ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Marine Environments ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Thermal Effluents ◽  
Made In

Few studies have been reported of the effects of power-plant discharges on tropical and semi-tropical marine environments where plants and animals in non-stressed conditions live close to their upper lethal thermal limits. This paper describes a multidisciplinary three-years' study made in Card Sound, Florida, before, during, and after, thermal effluents were released from a power-plant. Biomass, growth, and production, of Thalassia and macroalgae, were estimated. Animals were collected by trawl, drop-net, suction dredge, in artifical habitats, and on mesh-panels. Except in an area of 2–3 ha adjacent to the canal mouth, little damage to the benthic community was observed. This was very different from the effect of the first canal emanating from the same power-plant at Turkey Point, where a large area had been affected by heated effluents.

scholarly journals Assessment of terrain as a factor in the development of erosion processes based on GIS technologies

2020 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
N. A. Bondarenko ◽  
I. V. Ivanus ◽  
T. N. Kuropatkina ◽  
A. A. Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Information Model ◽  
Overlay Analysis ◽  
Morphometric Characteristics ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Engineering Protection

We analyzed: 1) morphometric characteristics of the terrain: density of dissection (km/km2), depth of dissection (m/km2), General dissection of the terrain (km/km2), obtained by multi-stage processing of data from The earth's radar survey (SRTM). Overlay analysis of the following maps was performed: maps of the density of the terrain division, maps of the depth of the terrain division, and maps of the General terrain division. A geo-information model of potentially dangerous areas of origin and development of erosion processes was created based on the overlay of zones of the highest values of terrain dissection. The resulting map was created by interpreting the results of overlay operations and defining extreme values for each parameter. The graphic constructions obtained from a set of morphometric indicators will be of great applied value when planning the construction of new socio-economic objects, when developing General schemes for expanding existing settlements and designing new ones, when planning the construction of linear objects, as well as when developing measures for the engineering protection of territories, buildings and structures. Были проанализированы: 1) морфометрические характеристики рельефа: густота расчленения (км/км2), глубина расчленения (м/км2), общее расчленение рельефа (км/км2), полученные путем многоступенчатой обработки данных радиолокационной радарной съемки Земли (SRTM). Осуществлен оверлейный анализ следующих карт: карты густоты расчленения рельефа, карты глубины расчленения рельефа и карты общего расчленения рельефа. На основании наложения зон наиболее высоких значений расчлененности рельефа была создана геоинформационная модель потенциально-опасных участков зарождения и развития эрозионных процессов. Создание результирующей карты выполнялось путем интерпретации результатов оверлейных операций и определения экстремальных значений по каждому параметру. Полученные по комплексу морфометрических показателей графические построения будут иметь большое прикладное значение при планировании строительства новых социально-экономических объектов, при разработке генеральных схем расширения существующих населенных пунктов и проектировании новых, планировании строительства линейных объектов, а также при разработке мероприятий инженерной защиты территорий, зданий и сооружений.

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