Correlation of plasma corticosterone levels with running activity in the blinded rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 231 (3) ◽  
pp. 817-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
FP Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Running Wheel ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Activity Cycles

Blinded female reats were placed in running-wheel cages to monitor the phase of their activity cycle.After approximately a month of adaptation to the wheels, jugular vein blood samples were withdrawn at the beginning and end of the running phase of activity and analyzed for plasma corticosterone. By the time blood samples were obtained, the blined rats' activity cycles had desynchronized from the lighting cycle of the room in an apparently free-running fashion, and were out of phase with each other. The corticosterone levels were high at the beginning of the running phase and low at the end: begin run corticosterone was 34.5 +/- 13, end run corticosteronewas 14.2 +/- 10 (mean +/-SD in mug/100 ml of plasma; t = 7.93, df = 82, P less than 0.001). It was concluded that blinded rats do have an adrenocortical rhythm and that it is in phase with the activity cycle of each individual rat.

Circadian rhythms in blinded rats: correlation between pineal and activity cycles

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (3) ◽  
pp. R110-R114
Author(s):  
C. R. Pohl ◽  
F. P. Gibbs
Keyword(s):  
Pineal Gland ◽  
Activity Rhythm ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Activity Phase ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Rat Pineal Gland ◽  
Sampling Times

The rat pineal gland exhibits diurnal rhythms in levels of N-acetyltransferase activity and its substrate serotonin. We attempted to demonstrate the endogenous nature of these changes by measuring the pineal enzyme and its substrate in rats blinded for 37 and 60 days. In order to determine the proper sampling times for these one-time, terminal measurements, the running activity rhythm of each rat was monitored continuously and the animals were killed at either midrest or midrun. Circadian changes of pineal N-acetyltransferase and serotonin were demonstrated, with enzyme levels high and substrate content low during midrun. Absolute values during each activity phase were similar to those of control rats entrained to a light cycle (LD 12:12). Levels of the pineal constituents were unrelated to local time. These results suggest that rats blinded for up to 60 days maintain their free-running pineal rhythms with undamped amplitudes and in synchronization with the activity rhythm.

scholarly journals When the sun never sets: diverse activity rhythms under continuous daylight in free-living arctic-breeding birds

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1764) ◽  
pp. 20131016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke S. Steiger ◽  
Mihai Valcu ◽  
Kamiel Spoelstra ◽  
Barbara Helm ◽  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Activity ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Continuous Darkness ◽  
Activity Rhythms ◽  
Running Activity ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Free Running ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
Species Specific

Circadian clocks are centrally involved in the regulation of daily behavioural and physiological processes. These clocks are synchronized to the 24 h day by external cues ( Zeitgeber ), the most important of which is the light–dark cycle. In polar environments, however, the strength of the Zeitgeber is greatly reduced around the summer and winter solstices (continuous daylight or continuous darkness). How animals time their behaviour under such conditions has rarely been studied in the wild. Using a radio-telemetry-based system, we investigated daily activity rhythms under continuous daylight in Barrow, Alaska, throughout the breeding season in four bird species that differ in mating system and parental behaviour. We found substantial diversity in daily activity rhythms depending on species, sex and breeding stage. Individuals exhibited either robust, entrained 24 h activity cycles, were continuously active (arrhythmic) or showed ‘free-running’ activity cycles. In semipalmated sandpipers, a shorebird with biparental incubation, we show that the free-running rhythm is synchronized between pair mates. The diversity of diel time-keeping under continuous daylight emphasizes the plasticity of the circadian system, and the importance of the social and life-history context. Our results support the idea that circadian behaviour can be adaptively modified to enable species-specific time-keeping under polar conditions.

Association of Retained Fetal Membranes with Haematological Profile in Crossbred Cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Rokde ◽  
S. Kumar ◽  
A. Bhardwaz ◽  
S. S. Mahour ◽  
S. P. Nema ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eosinophil Count ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Monocyte Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Haematological Profile ◽  
The Mean

This study was carried out on clinical cases of retained fetal membranes in crossbred cows presented at College Clinics and College dairy farm and from Villages in and around Mhow. The blood samples were collected from jugular vein just before 12 hr. postpartum and on 7th day postpartum. Haematological profile revealed that the mean values of haemoglobin, neutrophil and monocyte count after 12 hrs and 7th day postpartum were significantly lower and lymphocyte count was significantly higher in RFM cows (n=18) than normally calved cows (n=6). The differences in mean TLC, eosinophil and basophil counts were non-significant at 12 hrs postpartum, however on 7th day postpartum the TLC and eosinophil count were significantly higher and basophil count was non-significantly different in RFM cows than the normally calved cows.

Serum Endocrine Profile in Relation to Estrus Synchronization in Surti Does

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Chaudhary ◽  
C. T. Khasatiya ◽  
S. B. Patel ◽  
S. S. Chaudhary ◽  
V. B. Atara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Endocrine Profile ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
And Control

The serum progesterone and estradiol profiles during synchronization of estrus by buck effect and PGF2α treatments were monitored in Surti does. Total eighteen non-pregnant does selected were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Group I were teased with a sexuallyactive- apronized buck; and those of Group II were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice 11 days apart, while the Group III served as untreated control. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 0 (before 1st PGF2α injection), 3rd day (during treatment), 11th day (before 2nd PGF2α injection), 14th day (after treatment) and 40th day (post-service) by jugular vein puncture. The serum separated was stored at -20°C till further analysis. In all the three groups, 83.33% does, conceived at first service in the sampling cycle. The overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Group I does (5.82±0.72 ng/ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) as compared to Group II (2.93±0.38 ng/ml) and III (2.88±0.30 ng/ml). Similarly, the overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Surti does on day 0 (2.65±0.46 ng/ml), 3rd (2.56±0.80 ng/ml), 11th (4.45±0.84 ng/ml) and 14th (3.40±0.63 ng/ml) did not differ significantly, but the overall mean level at day 40 (6.31±0.45 ng/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher, because most of animals became pregnant at that time. The overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Group I (24.40±2.98 pg/ ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in Group II (15.77±1.77 pg/ml) and III (12.21±1.45 pg/ ml). On the other hand, the overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Surti does on day 0 (12.89±1.21 pg/ml), 3rd (15.84±1.74 pg/ml), 11th (14.81±1.96 pg/ml), 14th (22.15±2.97 pg/ml) and 40th (21.64±5.16 pg/ml) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) and the slightly higher overall mean level found at 40th day might be the influence of the non-pregnant does at first service in the cumulative animals. The hormonal profile reflected the initiation of cyclicity and establishment of pregnancy in treated and control animals.

scholarly journals Surrogate Indexes of Insulin Resistance in Dairy Goats: Transitional Variation in Subclinical Hyperketonemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Siqi Liu ◽  
Yezi Kong ◽  
Jing Wen ◽  
Yan Huang ◽  
Yaoquan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Homeostasis Model Assessment ◽  
Dairy Goats ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Normal Glucose

Background: Dairy goats are highly susceptible to subclinical hyperketonemia (SCHK) during the transition period. This study aimed to compare the variation in metabolic parameters and surrogate indexes of insulin resistance (sIR) between goats with SCHK and clinically healthy (HEAL) goats during the transition period. Methods: Twenty Guanzhong dairy goats were assorted to HEAL (n = 10) and SCHK (n = 10) groups according to the blood β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations. The blood samples were taken from the jugular vein of each goat at −3, −2, −1, 0 (partum), +1, +2, and +3 weeks relative to kidding to analyses GLU and INS. The sIR was calculated from blood metabolic parameters. Results: Compared with the HEAL goats, the insulin concentrations were significantly higher in SCHK goats during the first three weeks postpartum. The QUICKI, revised QUICKI (RQUICKI), and RQUICKIBHBA were significantly lower in goats with SCHK at 1 week postpartum, while the homeostasis model assessment-IR (HOMA-IR) was significantly higher. Conclusion: Goats with SCHK made more efforts through elevated insulin levels at early lactation than HEAL goats, thereby maintaining the normal glucose concentrations.

Automatic blood sampling equipment for use in studies of animal physiology

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 769-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Goddard ◽  
G. J. Gaskin ◽  
A. J. Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Start Time ◽  
Confounding Effect ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
Vein Catheter ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Large Animals ◽  
Jugular Vein Catheter

AbstractA device for the collection of discrete blood samples from large animals has been developed to allow studies of physiology to be undertaken without the confounding effect of restraint. A microprocessor controlled unit (measuring 180 × 110 × 90 mm), weighing less than 1-2 kg, is mounted on the back of the experimental subject using a simple harness. A sampling line is connected to a previously inserted jugular vein catheter. Samples of blood (approx. 5 ml) are collected at pre-determined times following a start time which can be delayed by up to 48 h to allow the subject to recover from any effects of attachment of the sampler. The results from three studies suggest that the device offers a novel way to overcome a number of difficulties which occur when conventional methods are used to collect blood in experiments.

scholarly journals Influence of Pre-Sampling Handling Duration on Selected Biochemical Indices in the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Chloupek ◽  
Eva Voslářová ◽  
Pavel Suchý ◽  
Iveta Bedáňová ◽  
Vladimíra Pištěková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Phasianus Colchicus ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Common Pheasant ◽  
The Common ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Biochemical Indices

The effects of varying periods of pre-sampling handling (1.5 min, 3 min, 4.5 min, 6 min) on selected biochemical indices were monitored in a group of 8–9-month-old common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) kept at a pheasantry in Jinačovice, Czech Republic. The duration of pheasant handling (capture, restraint, and blood sampling) was positively correlated with plasma corticosterone (p < 0.001) and lactate (p < 0.05) levels. Negative correlations were found between the handling duration and glucose concentration (p < 0.01), and aspartate aminotransferase level (p < 0.05) in the blood plasma. A significant increase in corticosterone plasma concentrations and a decrease in glucose plasma concentrations were already found in blood samples taken after 3 min of capture in comparison to blood samples of pheasants taken within 1.5 min.

scholarly journals Discovery of short-term activity cycles in F-type stars

2019 ◽  
Vol 621 ◽  
pp. A136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Mittag ◽  
J. H. M. M. Schmitt ◽  
A. Hempelmann ◽  
K.-P. Schröder
Keyword(s):  
Activity Cycle ◽  
Total Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cyclic Activity ◽  
Solar Type ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Activity Cycles ◽  
F Stars ◽  
One Year ◽  
Index Time Series

Previous studies have revealed a 120 day activity cycle in the F-type star τ Boo, which represents the shortest activity cycle discovered until now. The question arises as to whether or not short-term activity cycles are a common phenomenon in F-type stars. To address this question, we analyse S-index time series of F-type stars taken with the TIGRE telescope to search for periodic variations with a maximal length of 2 years using the generalised Lomb-Scargle periodogram method. In our sample, we find four F-type stars showing periodic variations shorter than one year. However, the amplitude of these variations in our sample of F-star type stars appears to be smaller than that of solar-type stars with well-developed cyclic activity, and apparently represents only a part of the total activity. We conclude that among F-stars, the time-behaviour of activity differs from that of the Sun and cooler main sequence stars, as short-term cyclic variations with shallow amplitude of the cycle seem to prevail, rather than cycles with 10+ years periods and a larger cycle amplitude.

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