Moraxella catarrhalisinduces an immune response in the murine lung that is independent of human CEACAM5 expression and long-term smoke exposure

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (3) ◽  
pp. L250-L261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgitt Gutbier ◽  
Katja Fischer ◽  
Jan-Moritz Doehn ◽  
Carolin von Lachner ◽  
Christian Herr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lower Airways ◽  
The Impact

In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), Moraxella catarrhalis infection of the lower airways is associated with chronic colonization and inflammation during stable disease and acute exacerbations. Chronic smoke exposure induces chronic inflammation and impairs mucociliary clearance, thus contributing to bacterial colonization of the lower airways in COPD patients. The human-specific carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) 5, expressed in human airways, has been shown to contribute to epithelial colonization of CEACAM-binding pathogens. To investigate the impact of CEACAM5 expression on pulmonary M. catarrhalis colonization, we infected mice transgenic for human CEACAM5 (hCEACAM5) and wild type mice intratracheally with M. catarrhalis with or without preceding smoke exposure and analyzed bacterial colonization and local and systemic inflammation. Our results show that airway infection with M. catarrhalis accelerated acute local but not systemic inflammation, albeit independent of hCEACAM5 expression. Long-term smoke exposure alone or prior to M. catarrhalis infection did not contribute to increased local or systemic inflammation. No difference was found in pulmonary clearance of M. catarrhalis in hCEACAM5-transgenic mice compared with wild-type mice. Smoke exposure neither altered time nor extent of persistence of M. catarrhalis in the lungs of both genotypes. In conclusion, M. catarrhalis induced a local acute immune response in murine airways. Neither hCEACAM5 expression nor chronic smoke exposure nor a combination of both was sufficient as prerequisites for the establishment of chronic M. catarrhalis colonization. Our results demonstrate the difficulties in mirroring conditions of chronic airways colonization of M. catarrhalis in a murine model.

scholarly journals Development and Characterization of a Long-Term Murine Model of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection of the Lower Airways

2014 ◽  
Vol 82 (8) ◽  
pp. 3289-3298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Haste ◽  
Kathryn Hulland ◽  
Sarah Bolton ◽  
Hasan Yesilkaya ◽  
Kenneth McKechnie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Lower Airways

ABSTRACTChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by long periods of stable symptoms, but exacerbations occur, which result in a permanent worsening of symptoms. Previous studies have shown a link between bacterial colonization of the lower airways of COPD sufferers and an increase in exacerbation frequency. One of the most frequent bacterial colonizers isStreptococcus pneumoniae. To mimic this aspect of COPD, a murine model of low-level pneumococcal colonization in the lung has been developed, in whichS. pneumoniaepersisted in the lungs for at least 28 days. From day 14 postinfection, bacterial numbers remained constant until at least 28 days postinfection, and animals showed no outward signs of disease. The bacterial presence correlated with a low-level inflammatory response that was localized to small foci across the left and inferior lobes of the lung. The cellular response was predominantly monocytic, and focal fibroplasia was observed at the airway transitional zones. Physiological changes in the lungs were investigated with a Forced Maneuvers system. This new model provides a means of study of a long-term pulmonary infection with a human pathogen in a rodent system. This is an excellent tool for the development of future models that mimic complex respiratory diseases such as COPD and asthma.

scholarly journals Bronchiectasis and increased mortality in patients with corticosteroid-dependent severe asthma: a nationwide population study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175346662096303
Author(s):  
Hayoung Choi ◽  
Hyun Lee ◽  
Jiin Ryu ◽  
Sung Jun Chung ◽  
Dong Won Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact

Background: Long-term corticosteroid (CS) use is associated with increased mortality in patients with asthma, and comorbid bronchiectasis is also associated with frequent asthma exacerbation and increased healthcare use. However, there is limited information on whether bronchiectasis further increases mortality in patients with CS-dependent asthma. This study examined the impact of bronchiectasis on mortality in patients with CS-dependent asthma. Methods: A retrospective cohort of patients with CS-dependent asthma ⩾18 years old was established using records from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database from 2005 to 2015. Patients with CS-dependent asthma with and without bronchiectasis were matched by age, sex, type of insurance, and Charlson comorbidity index. We evaluated the hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality in patients with bronchiectasis compared with those without bronchiectasis. Results: The study cohort included 754 patients with CS-dependent asthma with bronchiectasis and 3016 patients with CS-dependent asthma without bronchiectasis. Patients with CS-dependent asthma with bronchiectasis had a higher all-cause mortality than those without bronchiectasis (8429/100,000 versus 6962/100,000 person-years, p < 0.001). The adjusted HR for mortality in patients with CS-dependent asthma with bronchiectasis relative to those without bronchiectasis was 1.33 (95% confidence interval, 1.18–1.50), and the association was primarily significant for respiratory diseases (subdistribution HR = 1.65, 95% confidence interval, 1.42–1.92). Conclusions: Bronchiectasis further increases all-cause mortality in patients with CS-dependent asthma, a trend that was especially associated with respiratory diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Strategies to improve treatment outcomes in patients with CS-dependent asthma with bronchiectasis are urgently needed to improve long-term survival. The reviews of this paper are available via the supplemental material section.

scholarly journals Online Tool for the Assessment of the Burden of COVID-19 in Patients: Development Study

10.2196/22603 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e22603
Author(s):  
Esther M J van Noort ◽  
Danny Claessens ◽  
Catharina C Moor ◽  
Carlijn A L Van Den Berg ◽  
Marise J Kasteleyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Online Tool ◽  
Perceived Burden ◽  
Physical Impact ◽  
Development Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Background The impact of COVID-19 has been felt worldwide, yet we are still unsure about its full impact. One of the gaps in our current knowledge relates to the long-term mental and physical impact of the infection on affected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic hit the Netherlands at the end of February 2020, resulting in over 900,000 people testing positive for the virus, over 24,000 hospitalizations, and over 13,000 deaths by the end of January 2021. Although many patients recover from the acute phase of the disease, experience with other virus outbreaks has raised concerns regarding possible late sequelae of the infection. Objective This study aims to develop an online tool to assess the long-term burden of COVID-19 in patients. Methods In this paper, we describe the process of development, assessment, programming, implementation, and use of this new tool: the assessment of burden of COVID-19 (ABCoV) tool. This new tool is based on the well-validated assessment of burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease tool. Results As of January 2021, the new ABCoV tool has been used in an online patient platform by more than 2100 self-registered patients and another 400 patients in a hospital setting, resulting in over 2500 patients. These patients have submitted the ABCoV questionnaire 3926 times. Among the self-registered patients who agreed to have their data analyzed (n=1898), the number of females was high (n=1153, 60.7%), many were medically diagnosed with COVID-19 (n=892, 47.0%), and many were relatively young with only 7.4% (n=141) being older than 60 years. Of all patients that actually used the tool (n=1517), almost one-quarter (n=356, 23.5%) used the tool twice, and only a small group (n=76, 5.0%) used the tool 6 times. Conclusions This new ABCoV tool has been broadly and repeatedly used, and may provide insight into the perceived burden of disease, provide direction for personalized aftercare for people post COVID-19, and help us to be prepared for possible future recurrences.

scholarly journals The Prevalance of Depression amongst People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease on Long Term Oxygen Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Emma Mold
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Oxygen Therapy ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Term Oxygen Therapy

<p>Aim: To determine the prevalence of depression amongst people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on long term oxygen therapy (LTOT) and examine the differences and relationships between depressed and not depressed patients to inform clinical practice. Methods: In September 2009 a cross-sectional point prevalence study of the total District Health Board (DHB) population of COPD patients on LTOT oxygen in a large urban area in New Zealand (NZ) was conducted. Depression was assessed using the self-completed Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Additional clinical and demographic characteristics were obtained from hospital records and a self-completed questionnaire. Results: Sixty three patients (36 females, mean age 72) from the total population of 73 with severe COPD (forced expiratory volume in one second [FEV1] 37% predicted) completed the survey. PHQ-9 results indicate the total prevalence of depression was 54%; 95% CI 41.71-65.87. Twenty five percent of patients had mild depression and 29% had moderate to severe depression. One in six patients of those who screened positively was being treated for depression. No significant correlations or differences were found between the depressions scores and the demographic (age, gender, lives alone) or clinical (portable oxygen, time on oxygen, hospital admissions, pulmonary rehabilitation and FEV1) characteristics. Conclusion: This study provides new evidence regarding the prevalence of depression in NZ COPD LTOT populations. Depression symptoms and depression are highly prevalent in this patient population and there is evidence depression is undertreated. The PHQ-9 is a simple and effective tool community nurses can use for the initial screening of depression, which could improve the recognition and possible uptake of effective interventions to lessen the impact of depression in this population. The PHQ-9 is validated screening tool that should be used in further depression prevalence research with NZ COPD and other long-term condition populations to determine homogeneity across studies.</p>

scholarly journals The impact of the long-term exposure of industrial aerosols on clinical and functional indices of the broncho-pulmonary system in aluminum smelter workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
pp. 1160-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Beygel ◽  
E. V. Katamanova ◽  
S. F. Shayakhmetov ◽  
O. V. Ushakova ◽  
N. A. Pavlenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Aluminum Smelter ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Complex Chemical Composition ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Functional Indices

It was found that the appearance of respiratory diseases among workers was established to be associated with the impact of aerosols with the complex chemical composition, exceeding corresponding MAC. Among respiratory diseases in workers there were detected predominantly chronic non-obstructive bronchitis - 59.15%, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) - in 35.2% of cases. In the analysis of spirometric indices of examined patients the vast majority (76.3%) of them showed disturbances of the bronchial patency of mild to moderate degree of the pronouncement. As a result of the implementation offlexible bronchoscopy there was established the presence of a diffuse lesion of bronchi with a predominance of subatrophic and atrophic processes in the mucosa. It was found that under the increase of the concentration of HF in the air of industrial premises the probability of bronchial obstruction and deterioration of the tracheobronchial patency in aluminum smelter workers was established to elevate.

A Review of the Advances in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 576-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole L. Metzger ◽  
Lisa M. Lundquist
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality across the globe and within the United States. Although several medication classes are used for COPD treatment, none of these medications have been shown to significantly improve long-term lung function or mitigate overall disease progression. This review describes the pharmacologic treatment options for COPD and highlights recent studies evaluating the impact of bronchodilators and combination therapy on lung function, mortality, quality of life, and exacerbations. Additionally, indacaterol and roflumilast, 2 new COPD treatment agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 2011, are discussed. Pharmacists play an important role in managing and educating patients with COPD and should utilize new evidence to make recommendations.

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