scholarly journals Effects of ambient temperature on adaptive thermogenesis during maintenance of reduced body weight in mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (4) ◽  
pp. R438-R448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Ravussin ◽  
Charles A. LeDuc ◽  
Kazuhisa Watanabe ◽  
Rudolph L. Leibel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure

We showed previously that, at ambient room temperature (22°C), mice maintained at 20% below their initial body weight by calorie restriction expend energy at a rate below that which can be accounted for by the decrease of fat and fat-free mass. Food-restricted rodents may become torpid at subthermoneutral temperatures, a possible confounding factor when using mice as human models in obesity research. We examined the bioenergetic, hormonal, and behavioral responses to maintenance of a 20% body weight reduction in singly housed C57BL/6J +/+ and Lep ob mice housed at both 22°C and 30°C. Weight-reduced high-fat-fed diet mice (HFD-WR) showed similar quantitative reductions in energy expenditure—adjusted for body mass and composition—at both 22°C and 30°C: −1.4 kcal/24 h and −1.6 kcal/24 h below predicted, respectively, and neither group entered torpor. In contrast, weight-reduced Lep ob mice (OB-WR) housed at 22°C became torpid in the late lights-off period (0200–0500) but did not when housed at 30°C. These studies indicate that mice with an intact leptin axis display similar decreases in “absolute” energy expenditure in response to weight reduction at both 22°C and 30°C ambient temperature. More importantly, the “percent” decrease in total energy expenditure observed in the HFD-WR compared with AL mice is much greater at 30°C (−19%) than at 22°C (−10%). Basal energy expenditure demands are ∼45% lower in mice housed at 30°C vs. 22°C, since the mice housed at thermoneutrality do not allocate extra energy for heat production. The higher total energy expenditure of mice housed at 22°C due to these increased thermogenic demands may mask physiologically relevant changes in energy expenditure showing that ambient temperature must be carefully considered when quantifying energy metabolism in both rodents and humans.

Total energy expenditure in 4- to 6-yr-old children

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. E706-E711 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Goran ◽  
W. H. Carpenter ◽  
E. T. Poehlman
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Interindividual Variation

There is a sparsity of data on energy expenditure in young children. We therefore examined the components of daily energy expenditure in a group of 30 children (16 boys, 14 girls; age 4–6 yr) characterized for body weight, height, heart rate, and body composition from bioelectrical resistance. Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured over 14 days under free living conditions by doubly labeled water, resting energy expenditure (REE) from indirect calorimetry, and activity energy expenditure was estimated from the difference between TEE and REE. Mean TEE was 1,379 +/- 290 kcal/day, which was 475 +/- 202 kcal/day lower than energy intake recommendations for this age group. Activity-related energy expenditure was estimated to be 267 +/- 203 kcal/day. TEE was most significantly related to fat-free mass (FFM; r = 0.86; P < 0.001), body weight (r = 0.83; P < 0.001), and REE (r = 0.80; P < 0.001). When TEE was adjusted for FFM, a significant correlation with heart rate was observed (partial r = 0.54; P = 0.002). Collectively, 86% of interindividual variation in TEE was accounted for by FFM, heart rate, and REE. We conclude that, in young 4- to 6-yr-old children, 1) TEE is approximately 25% lower than current recommendations for energy intake and 2) combined measurement of FFM, heart rate, and REE explain 86% of interindividual variation in TEE, thus providing a possible alternative method to estimate TEE in young children.

scholarly journals Total energy expenditure in patients with colorectal cancer: associations with body composition, physical activity, and energy recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A Purcell ◽  
Sarah A Elliott ◽  
Peter J Walter ◽  
Tom Preston ◽  
Hongyi Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Fat Free Mass

ABSTRACT Background Total energy expenditure (TEE) data in patients with early-stage cancer are scarce, precluding an understanding of energy requirements. Objective The objective was to cross-sectionally characterize TEE in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and to compare measured TEE with energy recommendations. It was hypothesized that TEE would differ according to body mass, body composition, and physical activity level (PAL) and current energy recommendations would have poor individual-level accuracy. Methods Patients with newly diagnosed CRC had resting energy expenditure (REE) measured by indirect calorimetry and TEE by doubly labeled water. Hypermetabolism was defined as REE &gt; 110% of that predicted from the Mifflin St.-Jeor equation. Body composition was assessed via DXA. Physical activity was determined as the ratio of TEE to REE (TEE:REE) (PAL) and residual activity energy expenditure (RAEE). TEE was compared with energy recommendations of 25–30 kcal/d and Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) using Bland–Altman analyses. Patients were stratified according to median BMI, PAL, and sex-specific ratio of fat mass (FM) to fat-free mass (FFM). Results Twenty-one patients (M:F 14:7; mean ± SD BMI: 28.3 ± 4.9 kg/m2, age: 57 ± 12 y) were included. Most (n = 20) had stage II–III disease; 1 had stage IV. Approximately half (n = 11) were hypermetabolic; TEE was not different in those with hypermetabolism and REE as a percentage of predicted was not correlated with TEE. Mean ± SD TEE was 2473 ± 499 kcal/d (range: 1562–3622 kcal/d), or 29.7 ± 6.3 kcal/kg body weight (range: 20.4–48.5 kcal/kg body weight). Mean ± SD PAL was 1.43 ± 0.27. The energy recommendation of 25 kcal/kg underestimated TEE (−12.6% ± 16.5%, P = 0.002); all energy recommendations had wide limits of agreement (the smallest was DRI with measured PAL: −21.2% to 29.3%). Patients with higher BMI and FM:FFM had higher bias using kilocalories per kilogram recommendations; bias from several recommendations was frequently lower (i.e. underestimation) in patients with higher PAL and RAEE. Conclusions TEE variability was not reflected in energy recommendations and error was related to body weight, body composition, and physical activity. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03131921.

scholarly journals Předsoutěžní redukce tělesné hmotnosti a její vliv na tělesné složení

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126
Author(s):  
Klára Coufalová ◽  
Ivana Kinkorová ◽  
Lucia Malá ◽  
Jan Heller
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Extracellular Water ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Multifrequency Bioimpedance ◽  
Total Body

The aim of our study was to monitor changes in individual components of body composition due to reduction in body weight in judo. This precontest weight reduction is very common in combat sports and it can have negative impact not only on performance but also on health. Research group consisted of 11 judoists at the age of 17-27 years belonging to the representation of the Czech Republic. The measurement of body composition had two parts; the first was before body weight reduction and the second part at the end of body weight reduction. For the measurement of body composition we used multifrequency bioimpedance analyzer BIA 2000 - M. The results of our study show that rapid intensive weight reduction is reflected in varying degrees in all parameters of body composition. We noticed a reduction of body weight by an average of 4.7% (approximately 3.8 kg), the weight loss ranged from 1.6 kg to 8.1 kg. The greatest changes in the parameters of body composition were detected in the extracellular water (ECW), there was a decrease of this parameter on average by 13.8 %, while total body water (TBW) decreased by 6.0 %. There was also a reduction in the amount of body fat by 13.2 %, the amount of extracellular mass (ECM) decreased by 9.8 %, the ratio of ECM/BCM by 8.9 % and the amount of fat-free mass (FFM) decreased by 4.0 %. Only in intracellular water (ICW), we noticed a slight increase by 1.4 %, which may be due to the redistribution of body fluids. Changes of particular parameters of body composition were statistically and substantively significant.

Energy Expenditure and Body Fat Distribution in Mohawk Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Michael I. Goran ◽  
Mary Kaskoun ◽  
Rachel Johnson ◽  
Charlene Martinez ◽  
Benson Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Fat Free Mass

Objective. Epidemiologic studies suggest that Native Americans, including the Mohawk people, have a high prevalence of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk. However, current information on alterations in related variables such as energy metabolism and body composition in Native Americans is almost exclusively limited to already obese Pima adults living in the Southwest. The aim of this study was to characterize energy metabolism and body composition in young Mohawk children (17 girls, 11 boys; aged 4 to 7 years) as compared to Caucasian children (36 girls, 34 boys; aged 4 to 7 years). Total energy expenditure was measured by doubly labeled water, postprandial resting energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, and activity energy expenditure was derived from the difference between total and resting energy expenditure. Fat and fat free mass were estimated from bioelectrical resistance, and body fat distribution was estimated from skinfolds and circumferences. Results. There were no significant effects of ethnic background or sex on body weight, height, or body mass index. Fat free mass was significantly higher in boys and fat mass was significantly higher in girls, with no effect of ethnic background. Chest skinfold thickness, the ratio of trunk skinfolds:extremity skinfolds, and the waist:hip ratio were significantly higher in Mohawk children by 2.5 mm, 0.09 units, and 0.03 units, respectively, independent of sex and fat mass. Total energy expenditure was significantly higher in Mohawk children compared to Caucasian (100 kcal/day in girls, 150 kcal/day in boys), independent of fat free mass and sex, due to a significantly higher physical activity-related energy expenditure. Conclusion. These data suggest that: 1) body fat is more centrally distributed in Mohawk relative to Caucasian children, and this effect is independent of sex and body fat content; 2) Mohawk children have a greater total energy expenditure than Caucasian children, independent of fat free mass, due to greater physical activity-related energy expenditure.

scholarly journals Low Dose Leptin Administration Reverses Effects of Sustained Weight-Reduction on Energy Expenditure and Circulating Concentrations of Thyroid Hormones

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 2391-2394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rosenbaum ◽  
Ellen M. Murphy ◽  
Steven B. Heymsfield ◽  
Dwight E. Matthews ◽  
Rudolph L. Leibel
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Reduced State

Maintenance of a reduced body weight is associated with decreased 24-hour energy expenditure, and decreased circulating concentrations of leptin and thyroid hormones. To determine whether these adaptive metabolic and endocrine changes are partly leptin-mediated, we measured body composition, aspects of energy expenditure, and circulating concentrations of leptin and thyroid hormones in 4 subjects at 3 time points: 1.) Usual body weight; 2.) While stable at 10% reduced body weight; and 3.) During a 5-week period at 10% reduced body weight while receiving twice per day leptin injections that restored 8 AM circulating leptin concentrations to those seen at usual body weight. During maintenance of a 10% reduced body weight, circulating T3, T4, and leptin concentrations were decreased. All of these endocrine changes were reversed by administration of “replacement” doses of leptin (r-metHuLeptin). Indirect calorimetry, and subtle changes in body composition associated with leptin administration, were used to calculate the net change in stored calories and in 24-hour energy expenditure. Total energy expenditure increased in all subjects during r-metHuLeptin administration. These data indicate that decrease leptin concentrations resulting from loss of fat mass account for some aspects of the endocrine/metabolic phenotype associated with the weight-reduced state.

Inter-individual and seasonal weight variation in rural Nepali women

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Panter-Brick
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Age Related

SummaryChanges in body weight were examined for non-pregnant women in rural Nepal, using 183 anthropometric measures between the early winter and monsoon seasons in 1982, 1982–83, 1990–91 and 1993. The women gained weight when work loads decreased after the monsoon, but despite substantial changes in total energy expenditure, which were out of phase with changes in food intake, seasonal changes were small, averaging only up to 2.6% of initial body weight.There were notable differences between individual women, changes in body weight ranging from-5·6 kg to 4·8 kg. Weight change was examined with respect to lactation status, age, body mass index, mid upper arm circumference and skinfolds as well as total energy expenditure and intake. Non-lactating women, very thin women and women aged under 25 years gained more weight than their counterparts, both before and after the monsoon. Data for a sub-sample in 1982–83 indicated that women who maintained high physical activity levels throughout the year were less prone to weight loss than women whose activity fluctuated between seasons. Initial energy reserves, age-related maturation factors, levels of physical activity and energy intake combine to produce the notable inter-individual variation in body weight changes observed in this population.

scholarly journals Energy expenditure in dogs before and after body weight reduction

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. O19
Author(s):  
Caroline Larsson ◽  
Anne Vitger ◽  
Rasmus Jensen ◽  
Peter Junghans ◽  
Anne-Helene Tauson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Body Weight Reduction ◽  
Before And After

Total energy expenditure in burned children using the doubly labeled water technique

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. E576-E585 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Goran ◽  
E. J. Peters ◽  
D. N. Herndon ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Resting Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Activity Factor ◽  
Basal Energy Expenditure

Total energy expenditure (TEE) was measured in 15 burned children with the doubly labeled water technique. Application of the technique in burned children required evaluation of potential errors resulting from nutritional intake altering background enrichments during studies and from the high rate of water turnover relative to CO2 production. Five studies were discarded because of these potential problems. TEE was 1.33 +/- 0.27 times predicted basal energy expenditure (BEE), and in studies where resting energy expenditure (REE) was simultaneously measured, TEE was 1.18 +/- 0.17 times REE, which in turn was 1.16 +/- 0.10 times predicted BEE. TEE was significantly correlated with measured REE (r2 = 0.92) but not with predicted BEE. These studies substantiate the advantage of measuring REE to predict TEE in severely burned patients as opposed to relying on standardized equations. Therefore we recommend that optimal nutritional support will be achieved in convalescent burned children by multiplying REE by an activity factor of 1.2.

scholarly journals Validity of Two Questionnaires and Two Prediction Equations for Estimating Total Energy Expenditure in Healthy Adults: A Doubly Labeled Water Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1175-1175
Author(s):  
Megan McCrory ◽  
Hannah Bernard ◽  
Owen Maroney ◽  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Susan Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Total Energy Expenditure ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Limits Of Agreement ◽  
Bod Pod

Abstract Objectives The doubly labeled water (DLW) method is the gold standard for assessing total energy expenditure (TEE), but is costly. Questionnaires and prediction equations for TEE are nearly cost-free but research on their validity is scarce. We evaluated the validity of TEE assessed by two questionnaires and two prediction equations in comparison with TEE assessed by DLW. Based on previous work, we hypothesized that the questionnaires would be valid at a group level, and that the prediction equations would be valid at an individual level. Methods Data from a 10-d observational study in 124 healthy, nonsmoking adults were used (63% F, aged 29.8 ± 12.2 y, BMI 24.5 ± 3.9 kg/m2 (Mean ± SD)). TEE was measured by DLW using a mixed oral 2H218O dose containing 0.15 g 2H218O and 0.07 g of 2H2O per kg body weight. Analysis of urine samples and calculations of TEE were carried out using standard methodology. TEE was estimated from the 7-day Physical Activity Recall (7dPAR; Sallis et al. 1985), the Block Work and Home Survey (BWHS; Block et al. 2009), Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) equations for estimated energy requirements of adults with normal weight or overweight/obesity (IOM 2005), and the BOD POD air displacement plethysmograph. 7dPAR TEE was estimated by multiplying MET-min/day with resting metabolic rate estimated from DRI basal energy expenditure equations. The BOD POD measured body composition by densitometry and TEE was estimated from fat-free mass and fat mass (Nelson et al. 1992) and an activity factor (WHO 1985). Results TEE values were 2430 ± 535 (DLW), 2375 ± 445 (7dPAR), 2407 ± 750 (BWHS), 2335 ± 388 (DRI), 2134 ± 439 (BOD POD) kcal/d (Mean ± SD), with DRI and BOD POD significantly lower than DLW (P &lt;0.01). Mean ± 2SD limits of agreement (kcal/d) between DLW and 7dPAR (−766, 877) and BWHS (−1420, 1468) were wider than those between DLW and DRI (−630, 822) and BOD POD (−463, 1057). The R2 and SEE of the method associations with DLW ranged from 0.17 to 0.54 and 264 to 688 kcal/d, respectively (all P = 0.000). Conclusions The 7dPAR and BWHS were valid for estimating TEE at a group level. While the DRI and BOD POD equations were more accurate at estimating TEE of individuals, none of the tools are recommended for individual assessment of TEE due to their low R2 and wide Bland-Altman limits of agreement with DLW. Funding Sources NIH R01 DK075862 and Purdue University.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document