Temporal relationships between eating behavior and liver adenine nucleotides in rats treated with 2,5-AM

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. R610-R617 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Koch ◽  
Hong Ji ◽  
Mary D. Osbakken ◽  
Mark I. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The Relationship

Administration of the fructose analog 2,5-anhydro-d-mannitol (2,5-AM) elicits eating behavior in rats by its action in the liver. To evaluate whether the decrease in liver ATP levels produced by injection of 2,5-AM plays a role in the eating response, we examined the relationship between changes in eating behavior and liver adenine nucleotide levels over time in rats given 2,5-AM. Liver ATP concentrations decreased within 15 min after injection of 2,5-AM (300 mg/kg ip), remained low for up to 90 min postinjection, and returned to control (saline injection) levels by 4 h after treatment. Rats fed ad libitum initiated eating between 15 and 45 min after 2,5-AM treatment, after liver ATP levels had declined. Rats given food 1 h after 2,5-AM treatment increased food intake, but if access to food was delayed for 4 h after 2,5-AM injection the eating response was attenuated or absent. Whereas liver AMP and ADP levels were also altered by injection of 2,5-AM, changes in food intake did not consistently track changes in these nucleotides. The results support the hypothesis that the eating response to 2,5-AM is triggered by a decrease in liver ATP level.

scholarly journals A Pilot Study of Gut-Brain Signaling After Octreotide Therapy for Unintentional Weight Loss After Esophagectomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 106 (1) ◽  
pp. e204-e216
Author(s):  
Conor F Murphy ◽  
Nicholas Stratford ◽  
Neil G Docherty ◽  
Brendan Moran ◽  
Jessie A Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Symptom Burden ◽  
Octreotide Lar ◽  
Gut Hormone ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Brain Reward

Abstract Background Recurrence-free patients after esophageal cancer surgery face long-term nutritional consequences, occurring in the context of an exaggerated postprandial gut hormone response. Acute gut hormone suppression influences brain reward signaling and eating behavior. This study aimed to suppress gut hormone secretion and characterize reward responses and eating behavior among postesophagectomy patients with unintentional weight loss. Methods This pilot study prospectively studied postoperative patients with 10% or greater body weight loss (BWL) beyond 1 year who were candidates for clinical treatment with long-acting octreotide (LAR). Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, gut hormone secretion, food cue reactivity (functional magnetic resonance imaging), eating motivation (progressive ratio task), ad libitum food intake, body composition, and symptom burden were assessed. Results Eight patients (7 male, age: mean ± SD 62.8 ± 9.4 years, postoperative BWL: 15.5 ± 5.8%) participated. Octreotide LAR did not significantly suppress total postprandial plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 response at 4 weeks (P = .08). Postprandial symptom burden improved after treatment (Sigstad score median [range]: 12 [2-28] vs 8 [3-18], P = .04) but weight remained stable (pre: 68.6 ± 12.8 kg vs post: 69.2 ± 13.4 kg, P = .13). There was no significant change in brain reward system responses, during evaluation of high-energy or low-energy food pictures, nor their appeal rating. Moreover, treatment did not alter motivation to eat (P = .41) nor ad libitum food intake(P = .46). Conclusion The protocol used made it feasible to characterize the gut-brain axis and eating behavior in this cohort. Inadequate suppression of gut hormone responses 4 weeks after octreotide LAR administration may explain the lack of gut-brain pathway alterations. A higher dose or shorter interdose interval may be required to optimize the intervention.

Reduced ghrelin production induced anorexia after rat gastric ischemia and reperfusion

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (3) ◽  
pp. G359-G364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachiko Mogami ◽  
Hidekazu Suzuki ◽  
Seiichiro Fukuhara ◽  
Juntaro Matsuzaki ◽  
Kenji Kangawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gastric Ischemia ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Mrna Expression Levels

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is one of the most susceptible organs to ischemia. We previously reported altered gastric motility after gastric ischemia and reperfusion (I/R). However, there have also been few reports of alterations in the eating behavior after gastric I/R. Ghrelin is a GI peptide that stimulates food intake and GI motility. Although ghrelin itself has been demonstrated to attenuate the mucosal injuries induced by gastric I/R, the endogenous ghrelin dynamics after I/R has not yet been elucidated. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between food intake and the ghrelin dynamics after gastric I/R. Wistar rats were exposed to 80-min gastric ischemia, followed by 12-h or 48-h reperfusion. The food intake, plasma ghrelin levels, gastric preproghrelin mRNA expression levels, and the histological localization of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells were evaluated. The effect of exogenous ghrelin on the food intake after I/R was also examined. Food intake, the plasma ghrelin levels, the count of ghrelin-immunoreactive cells corrected by the percentage areas of the remaining mucosa, and the expression levels of preproghrelin mRNA in the stomach were significantly reduced at 12 h and 48 h after I/R compared with the levels in the sham-operated rats. Intraperitoneal administration of ghrelin significantly reversed the decrease of food intake after I/R. These data show that gastric I/R evoked anorexia with decreased plasma ghrelin levels and ghrelin production, which appears to be attributable to the I/R-induced gastric mucosal injuries. The decrease in the plasma ghrelin levels may have been responsible for the decreased food intake after gastric I/R.

Area postrema lesion attenuates the long-term hypotensive effects of losartan in salt-replete rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (2) ◽  
pp. R357-R366 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Collister ◽  
John W. Osborn
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Area Postrema ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Receptor Blockade ◽  
Conscious Rat ◽  
Sham Surgery ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Access To Food

We reported that the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan decreases arterial pressure in sodium-replete rats and that this response is attenuated in area postrema-lesioned (APx) rats (J. P. Collister, B. J. Hornfeldt, and J. W. Osborn. Hypertension 27: 598–606, 1996). In that study, food intake for the 3-wk period after sham lesion was restricted to that observed in APx rats. Food-restricted sham rats had lower arterial pressures and attenuated responses to losartan compared with control rats fed ad libitum. The present study examined whether these differences persisted months, rather than weeks after APx or sham lesions. Losartan was administered for 10 days to APx and two groups of sham rats 3 mo after APx or sham surgery. The first sham group was food restricted (SFR) for 3 wk after surgery, whereas the second sham group was allowed ad libitum (SAL) access to food. By day 8of losartan administration, both sham groups demonstrated a marked hypotension (SFR: −38 ± 4; SAL: −33 ± 4 mmHg). This response was attenuated ( P < 0.05) on the same day in APx rats (−17 ± 3 mmHg). This trend continued throughout days 9 and 10. Because both sham groups responded similarly to losartan (yet significantly different from APx rats), these results demonstrate that transient decreases in food intake do not affect the response to losartan if rats are allowed an adequate recovery period. We conclude that the area postrema mediates part of the long-term hypotensive effects of AT1 receptor blockade in the conscious rat.

Increases of cell ATP produced by exogenous adenine nucleotides in isolated rabbit kidney tubules

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (4) ◽  
pp. F720-F733 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Weinberg ◽  
H. D. Humes
Keyword(s):  
Cell Injury ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Rabbit Kidney ◽  
Kidney Tubules ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
Adenine Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Functional Consequences

The effects of exogenous nucleotides on adenine nucleotide metabolism and cell cation levels in normal and O2-deprived isolated rabbit kidney tubules were studied to gain insight into ways in which exogenous nucleotides could contribute to ameliorating O2 deprivation-induced injury. In control oxygenated tubules, 250 microM exogenous ATP, ADP, or AMP resulted in two- to threefold increases of cell ATP over 75-90 min of incubation and smaller relative increases of ADP and AMP. GTP was not increased. Exogenous adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine were substantially less effective at increasing intracellular nucleotides than equimolar concentrations of exogenous nucleotides. Nucleotide-treated cells had higher levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ than untreated cells. Treatment of O2-deprived tubules with exogenous Mg-ATP improved recovery of ATP levels following O2 deprivation, and tubules with mild injury increased their ATP levels to supranormal values such as those seen in control oxygenated tubules treated with nucleotides. Increases of tubule cell ATP levels required ongoing oxidative metabolism and thus were not evident until the reoxygenation recovery period. Exogenous ATP produced some improvement of other injury-associated metabolic parameters but did not substantially alter the overall pattern of tubule susceptibility to lethal cell injury. Allopurinol did not affect the behavior of oxygenated or O2-deprived tubules irrespective of the presence of exogenous ATP. These data clarify the potential for manipulating intracellular ATP levels with exogenous nucleotides and the functional consequences of such manipulation in oxygenated and O2-deprived renal tubule cells.

Restricted feeding of egg-strain chickens during growth and throughout an extended laying period

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (94) ◽  
pp. 658 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Robinson ◽  
G Horsnell ◽  
PJ McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Mortality Cost ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

White Leghorn x Australorp crossbred pullets were either fed ad libitum or given restricted access to food from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Birds from each of these rearing treatments were thereafter distributed among five feeding regimes: ad libitum and four allowances representing reductions of 3, 6, 12 and 24 per cent of the food intake of the birds fed ad libitum throughout life. Biological and economic performance data were examined for the rearing period and for three periods of lay terminating at 66, 78 and 90 weeks of age. From 8 to 20 weeks of age the restrictively reared pullets ate 30.5 per cent less food, suffered 1.7 per cent higher mortality, cost 19 cents per bird less to rear and were 20.5 per cent lighter in weight at 20 weeks than the pullets fed ad libitum. Compared with ad libitum feeding, restricted feeding in the rearing period gave higher values for hen-housed egg production and hen-housed gross margin when food intake in lay was restricted by 0, 3 and 6 per cent, and lower values for these criteria when food intake in lay was restricted by 12 and 24 per cent. Birds whose food intake was restricted by 6 per cent in the laying period laid about 25 more eggs to 90 weeks of age than birds fed ad libitum in lay. Optimum slaughter time (age at which average gross margin per week was maximized) was at about week 90 for the ad libitum/12 per cent restriction and ad libitum/24 per cent restriction treatments, and between weeks 66 and 78 for all other treatments. The highest weekly average gross margin was achieved with the birds that were restrictively reared and restricted by 6 per cent throughout a laying period terminating at 78 weeks of age; at this stage their gross margin was $2.30 per bird higher than that of the birds fed ad libitum throughout life

Food hoarding is increased by food deprivation and decreased by leptin treatment in Syrian hamsters

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (5) ◽  
pp. R1021-R1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A. Buckley ◽  
Jill E. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Syrian Hamsters ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Hoarding Behavior ◽  
Increase Food Intake ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Rats And Mice

Compensatory increases in food intake are commonly observed after a period of food deprivation in many species, including laboratory rats and mice. Thus it is interesting that Syrian hamsters fail to increase food intake after a period of food deprivation, despite a fall in plasma leptin concentrations similar to those seen in food-deprived rats and mice. In previous laboratory studies, food-deprived Syrian hamsters increased the amount of food hoarded. We hypothesized that leptin treatment during food deprivation would attenuate food-deprivation-induced increases in hoarding. Baseline levels of hoarding were bimodally distributed, with no hamsters showing intermediate levels of hoarding. Both high (HH) and low hoarding (LH) hamsters were included in each experimental group. Fifty-six male hamsters were either food deprived or given ad libitum access to food for 48 h. One-half of each group received intraperitoneal injections of leptin (4 mg/kg) or vehicle every 12 h during the food-deprivation period. Within the HH group, the hoarding score increased significantly in food-deprived but not fed hamsters ( P < 0.05). Leptin treatment significantly decreased hoarding in the food-deprived HH hamsters ( P < 0.05). The LH hamsters did not increase hoarding regardless of whether they were food deprived or had ad libitum access to food. These results are consistent with the idea that HH hamsters respond to energetic challenges at least in part by changing their hoarding behavior and that leptin might be one factor that mediates this response.

Anorexigenic effects of adrenaline, amphetamine, and FMS 1A

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Russek ◽  
J. A. F. Stevenson ◽  
G. J. Mogenson
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Dark Period ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Saline Injection ◽  
Average Decrease ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
Anorexigenic Effect

Adrenaline 0.15 mg/kg, amphetamine 2 mg/kg, and urinary anorexigen (FMS 1A) 60 mg/kg, administered by intraperitoneal injection (i.p.), produced approximately the same average decrease in the food intake of rats fed for 1 h daily. Noradrenaline 0.15 mg/kg produced a much smaller decrease in food intake, and isotonic saline produced no significant change. Repetition of injections of adrenaline and amphetamine every second day revealed some variation of the anorexigenic effect, but no extinction of it was apparent during 10 injections. No conditioning of the anorexia to a saline injection was observed either. In rats fed ad libitum, only FMS 1A had a prolonged anorexigenic effect which was still apparent after 48 h. Adrenaline and amphetamine had only a small effect on the 24-h food consumption, but adrenaline injected just before the beginning of the dark period reduced by 90% the food consumption of the following hour although the intake for the next 23 h was approximately normal. This indicates that the immediate effect of adrenaline on the rats fed ad libitium was less in hungry than in recently fed rats.

The effects of work on food intake and ingestive behaviour of draught cattle and buffalo given barley straw

1994 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Person ◽  
D. G. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Feeding Behaviour ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Time Eating

AbstractIn the first experiment the animals were worked for 5h/day and/or given 17 h access to food. In the second experiment they were worked for 4 h/day and/or given 20 h access to food. When animals were prevented from feeding on barley straw for 7 h/day their dry-matter intake (DMI) was significantly less than when they were given 24 h access to food. When feeding was prevented for only 4 h/day food intake was not significantly different from that with 24-h access.A study of feeding behaviour (experiment 2) suggested that when most animals were deprived of food for 4 h they maintained similar intakes to those on ad libitum feeding by increasing their rate of eating, rather than by increasing the time they spent eating. Preventing food intake for 4 h/day was associated with little change in time spent ruminating during the day. On all treatments, the buffalo spent significantly less time eating and more time ruminating than the cattle.Work, during the periods when food was withheld, had little effect on the DMI of either the buffalo or cattle compared with restricted feeding. No rumination occurred during the time that the animals were at work. However on working days, time spent ruminating was similar to that seen on restricted feeding days, but the animals spent more time ruminating later in the day than when they were able to ruminate during the middle of the day.

Rapid alterations of hypothalamic and hippocampal bombesin-like peptide levels with feeding status

1993 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. R420-R425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Merali ◽  
C. C. Kateb
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Ingestive Behavior ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Access To Food

It has been suggested that bombesin (BN)-like peptides may play a physiological role in the control of food intake. We studied the time course of changes in the levels of central BN-like peptides during a meal. Four groups of animals were used: rats that were food (but not water) deprived for 12-h period (preprandial group) and then given access to food for either 10 min (partially satiated group) or 35 min (postprandial group). The fourth group constituted nondeprived controls (ad libitum fed group). BN-like immunoreactivity (BLI) of the hypothalamus, hippocampus, and medulla was determined using a radioimmunoassay. Our data revealed that at the hypothalamus, the BLI content dropped significantly after food deprivation (preprandially), and returned to the ad libitum fed control levels after the meal (postprandially). At the hippocampus, food deprivation did not affect the BLI levels; however, food ingestion significantly elevated the BLI content within 35 min. The medullary BLI levels failed to alter in relation to the feeding status. The observed rapid alterations suggest that the hypothalamic response to food intake is satiety linked and hence lend support to the contention that BN-like peptides play a physiological role in the central regulation of ingestive behavior. The alterations noted at the hippocampus implicate physiological role of BN-like peptides in other meal-associated processes (such as memory).

Effects of food restriction on energy metabolism in male Apodemus chevrieri from Hengduan mountain region of China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-long Zhu ◽  
Li-xin Chen ◽  
Xue-na Gong ◽  
Hao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Energy Strategies ◽  
Different Levels

To investigate the relationship between the energy strategies in response to food restriction and the levels of metabolism in small mammals, body mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity were measured in Apodemus chevrieri that were subjected to different levels of food restriction (FR). The results showed that cold-exposed group had significantly increased RMR and NST, but decreased body mass and survival rate after being restricted to 80% of ad libitum food intake compared with their counterparts maintained at room temperature. A. chevrieri with higher RMR consumed higher food intake than individuals with lower RMR, whereas no differences were observed in body mass and survival rate between two groups after being restricted to 80% of ad libitum food intake. The results suggest that A. chevrieri characterized by higher levels of metabolism are sensitive to periods of FR, providing a support for the “metabolism switch hypothesis”.

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