α2-Adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine protects septic acute kidney injury through increasing BMP-7 and inhibiting HDAC2 and HDAC5

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (10) ◽  
pp. F1443-F1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Hsi Hsing ◽  
Chiou-Feng Lin ◽  
Edmund So ◽  
Ding-Ping Sun ◽  
Tai-Chi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Trichostatin A ◽  
Histone H3 ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tnf Α

Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-7 protects sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Dexmedetomidine (DEX), an α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) agonist, has anti-inflammatory effects. We investigated the protective effects of DEX on sepsis-induced AKI and the expression of BMP-7 and histone deacetylases (HDACs). In vitro , the effects of DEX or trichostatin A (TSA, an HDAC inhibitor) on TNF-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1), BMP-7, and HDAC mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated rat renal tubular epithelial NRK52E cells, was determined using real-time PCR. In vivo, mice were intraperitoneally injected with DEX (25 μg/kg) or saline immediately and 12 h after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. Twenty-four hours after CLP, we examined kidney injury and renal TNF-α, MCP-1, BMP-7, and HDAC expression. Survival was monitored for 120 h. LPS increased HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-α, and MCP-1 expression, but decreased BMP-7 expression in NRK52E cells. DEX treatment decreased the HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-α, and MCP-1 expression, but increased BMP-7 and acetyl histone H3 expression, whose effects were blocked by yohimbine, an α2-AR antagonist. With DEX treatment, the LPS-induced TNF-α expression and cell death were attenuated in scRNAi-NRK52E but not BMP-7 RNAi-NRK52E cells. In CLP mice, DEX treatment increased survival and attenuated AKI. The expression of HDAC2, HDAC5, TNF-α, and MCP-1 mRNA in the kidneys of CLP mice was increased, but BMP-7 was decreased. However, DEX treatment reduced those changes. DEX reduces sepsis-induced AKI by decreasing TNF-α and MCP-1 and increasing BMP-7, which is associated with decreasing HDAC2 and HDAC5, as well as increasing acetyl histone H3.

scholarly journals MiR-22-3p suppresses sepsis-induced acute kidney injury by targeting PTEN

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Wang ◽  
Yali Wang ◽  
Mingjian Kong ◽  
Jianping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Tnf Α

Abstract Background: Septic acute kidney injury is considered as a severe and frequent complication that occurs during sepsis. The present study was performed to understand the role of miR-22-3p and its underlying mechanism in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury. Methods: Rats were injected with adenovirus carrying miR-22-3p or miR-NC in the caudal vein before cecal ligation. Meanwhile, HK-2 cells were transfected with the above adenovirus following LPS stimulation. We measured the markers of renal injury (blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCR)). Histological changes in kidney tissues were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson staining, periodic acid Schiff staining and TUNEL staining. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NO were determined by ELISA assay. Using TargetScan prediction and luciferase reporter assay, we predicted and validated the association between PTEN and miR-22-3p. Results: Our data showed that miR-22-3p was significantly down-regulated in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury, in vivo and LPS-induced sepsis model in HK-2 cells, in vitro. Overexpression of miR-22-3p remarkably suppressed the inflammatory response and apoptosis via down-regulating HMGB1, p-p65, TLR4 and pro-inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and NO), both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, PTEN was identified as a target of miR-22-3p. Furthermore, PTEN knockdown augmented, while overexpression reversed the suppressive role of miR-22-3p in LPS-induced inflammatory response. Conclusions: Our results showed that miR-22-3p induced protective role in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury may rely on the repression of PTEN.

scholarly journals Melatonin Alleviates Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Activation of Sirt3

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chunmei Zhang ◽  
Mengying Suo ◽  
Lingxin Liu ◽  
Yan Qi ◽  
Chen Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Melatonin Treatment

Oxidative stress and apoptosis play a vital role in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). The purpose of our study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of melatonin against CI-AKI in a CI-AKI mouse model and NRK-52E cells. We established the CI-AKI model in mice, and the animals were pretreated with melatonin (20 mg/kg). Our results demonstrated that melatonin treatment exerted a renoprotective effect by decreasing the level of serum creatinine (SCr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), lessening the histological changes of renal tubular injuries, and reducing the expression of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipid (NGAL), a marker of kidney injury. We also found that pretreatment with melatonin remarkably increased the expression of Sirt3 and decreased the ac-SOD2 K68 level. Consequently, melatonin treatment significantly decreased the oxidative stress by reducing the Nox4, ROS, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and by increasing the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity levels. The antiapoptotic effect of melatonin on CI-AKI was revealed by decreasing the ratio of Bax/Bcl2 and the cleaved caspase3 level and by reducing the number of apoptosis-positive tubular cells. In addition, melatonin treatment remarkably reduced the inflammatory cytokines of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) in vivo and in vitro. Sirt3 deletion and specific Sirt3 siRNA abolished the above renoprotective effects of melatonin in mice with iohexol-induced acute kidney injury and in NRK-52E cells. Thus, our results demonstrated that melatonin exhibited the renoprotective effects of antioxidative stress, antiapoptosis, and anti-inflammation by the activation of Sirt3 in the CI-AKI model in vivo and in vitro. Melatonin may be a potential drug to ameliorate CI-AKI in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Inhibition of gap junction composed of Cx43 prevents against acute kidney injury following liver transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongdong Yuan ◽  
Xiaoyun Li ◽  
Chenfang Luo ◽  
Xianlong Li ◽  
Nan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Organ Protection ◽  
Cx43 Expression

Abstract Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a severe complication after liver transplantation (LT). Its deterioration and magnification lead to the increase in mortality. Connexin43 (Cx43) mediates direct transmission of intracellular signals between neighboring cells, always considered to be the potent biological basis of organ damage deterioration and magnification. Thus, we explored the effects of Cx43 on AKI following LT and its related possible mechanism. In this study, alternations of Cx43 expression were observed in 82 patients, receiving the first-time orthotopic LT. We built autologous orthotopic liver transplantation (AOLT) models with Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats in vivo, and hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) pretreatment models with kidney tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) in vitro, both of which were the most important independent risk factors of AKI following LT. Then, different methods were used to alter the function of Cx43 channels to determine its protective effects on AKI. The results indicated that patients with AKI suffering from longer time of tracheal intubation or intensive care unit stay, importantly, had significantly lower survival rate at postoperative 30 days and 3 years. In rat AOLT models, as Cx43 was inhibited with heptanol, postoperative AKI was attenuated significantly. In vitro experiments, downregulation of Cx43 with selective inhibitors, or siRNA protected against post-hypoxic NRK-52E cell injuries caused by H/R and/or LPS, while upregulation of Cx43 exacerbated the above-mentioned cell injuries. Of note, alternation of Cx43 function regulated the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which not only mediated oxidative stress and inflammation reactions effectively, but also regulated necroptosis. Therefore, we concluded that Cx43 inhibition protected against AKI following LT through attenuating ROS transmission between the neighboring cells. ROS alternation depressed oxidative stress and inflammation reaction, which ultimately reduced necroptosis. This might offer new insights for targeted intervention for organ protection in LT, or even in other major surgeries.

scholarly journals Heme oxygenase-1 induction contributes to renoprotection by G-CSF during rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (1) ◽  
pp. F162-F170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Wei ◽  
William D. Hill ◽  
Yunchao Su ◽  
Shuang Huang ◽  
Zheng Dong
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Renal Tubular Cells

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is renoprotective during acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by ischemia and cisplatin nephrotoxicity; however, the underlying mechanism is not entirely clear. Rhabdomyolysis is another important clinical cause of AKI, due to the release of nephrotoxins (e.g., heme) from disrupted muscles. The current study has determined the effects of G-CSF on rhabdomyolysis-associated AKI using in vivo and in vitro models. In C57BL/6 mice, intramuscular injection of glycerol induced AKI, which was partially prevented by G-CSF pretreatment. Consistently, glycerol-induced renal tissue damage was ameliorated by G-CSF. In addition, animal survival following the glycerol injection was improved from ∼30 to ∼70% by G-CSF. In cultured renal tubular cells, hemin-induced apoptosis was also suppressed by G-CSF. Interestingly, G-CSF induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1, a critical enzyme for heme/hemin degradation and detoxification) in both cultured tubular cells and mouse kidneys. Blockade of HO-1 with protoporphyrin IX zinc(II) (ZnPP) could largely diminish the protective effects of G-CSF. Together, these results demonstrated the renoprotective effects of G-CSF in rhabdomyolysis-associated AKI. Notably, G-CSF may directly protect against tubular cell injury under the disease condition by inducing HO-1.

Protective effects of formononetin against rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury by upregulating Nrf2 in vivo and in vitro

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (112) ◽  
pp. 110874-110883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Huang ◽  
Changyuan Wang ◽  
Qiang Meng ◽  
Zhihao Liu ◽  
Xiaokui Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organ Injury ◽  
Protective Effects

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a well-known organ injury frequently observed after rhabdomyolysis (RM).

scholarly journals Leonurine alleviates ferroptosis in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianqiang HU ◽  
Wenjing Gu ◽  
Ning Ma ◽  
Xiaoye Fan ◽  
Xinxin Ci
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Iron Accumulation ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nrf2 Signaling Pathway

Background and purpose: Increasing evidence suggests that ferroptosis plays a key role in the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury induced by cisplatin. The Nrf2 signaling pathway regulates oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and positively regulates cisplatin-induced AKI (CI-AKI). However, Nrf2 and its activator leonurine on ferroptosis after CI-AKI remain unclear. Experimental Approach: The anti-ferroptotic effects of Nrf2 and its activator leonurine were assessed using a mouse model of cisplatin-induced AKI. In vitro, the potential effects of leonurine on erastin- and RSL3-induced HK-2 human PTEC ferroptosis were examined. Key Results: As expected, Nrf2 deletion induced ferroptosis-related protein expression and iron accumulation in vivo, further aggravating CI-AKI. The Nrf2 activator leonurine prevented iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation and inhibited ferroptosis in vitro, while these effects were abolished in siNrf2-treated cells. Moreover, leonurine potently ameliorated cisplatin-induced renal damage, as indicated by the assessment of SCr, BUN, KIM-1, and NGAL. Importantly, leonurine activated the Nrf2 antioxidative signaling pathway and prohibited changes in ferroptosis-related morphological and biochemical indicators, such as the MDA level, SOD and GSH depletion and GPX4 and xCT downregulation, in CI-AKI. Moreover, Nrf2 KO mice were more susceptible to ferroptosis after CI-AKI than control mice, and the protective effects of leonurine on AKI and ferroptosis were largely abolished in Nrf2 KO mice. Conclusion and Implications: These data suggest that the renal protective effects of Nrf2 and its activator leonurine on CI-AKI are achieved at least partially by inhibiting lipid peroxide-mediated ferroptosis and highlight the potential of leonurine as a CI-AKI treatment.

scholarly journals Acetylbritannilactone attenuates contrast-induced acute kidney injury through its anti-pyroptosis effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Chen ◽  
Jingchao Lu ◽  
Xiuchun Yang ◽  
Bing Xiao ◽  
Huiqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Nucleotide Binding Domain ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a severe complication caused by intravascular applied radial contrast media (CM). Pyroptosis is a lytic type of cell death inherently associated with inflammation response and the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines following caspase-1 activation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of acetylbritannilactone (ABL) on iopromide (IOP)-induced acute renal failure and reveal the underlying mechanism. In vivo and in vitro, IOP treatment caused renal damage and elevated the caspase-1 (+) propidium iodide (PI) (+) cell count, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and the relative expression of nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC), and gasdermin D (GSDMD), suggesting that IOP induces AKI via the activation of pyroptosis. Furthermore, the pretreatment of ABL partly mitigated the CI-AKI, development of pyroptosis, and subsequent kidney inflammation. These data revealed that ABL partially prevents renal dysfunction and reduces pyroptosis in CI-AKI, which may provide a therapeutic target for the treatment of CM-induced AKI.

scholarly journals A Biochemical and Pharmacological Characterization of Phospholipase A2 and Metalloproteinase Fractions from Eastern Russell’s Viper (Daboia siamensis) Venom: Two Major Components Associated with Acute Kidney Injury

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Janeyuth Chaisakul ◽  
Orawan Khow ◽  
Kulachet Wiwatwarayos ◽  
Muhamad Rusdi Ahmad Rusmili ◽  
Watcharamon Prasert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Protein Identification ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Pharmacological Characterization ◽  
Russell’S Viper

Acute kidney injury (AKI) following Eastern Russell’s viper (Daboia siamensis) envenoming is a significant symptom in systemically envenomed victims. A number of venom components have been identified as causing the nephrotoxicity which leads to AKI. However, the precise mechanism of nephrotoxicity caused by these toxins is still unclear. In the present study, we purified two proteins from D. siamensis venom, namely RvPLA2 and RvMP. Protein identification using LCMS/MS confirmed the identity of RvPLA2 to be snake venom phospholipase A2 (SVPLA2) from Thai D. siamensis venom, whereas RvMP exhibited the presence of a factor X activator with two subunits. In vitro and in vivo pharmacological studies demonstrated myotoxicity and histopathological changes of kidney, heart, and spleen. RvPLA2 (3–10 µg/mL) caused inhibition of direct twitches of the chick biventer cervicis muscle preparation. After administration of RvPLA2 or RvMP (300 µg/kg, i.p.) for 24 h, diffuse glomerular congestion and tubular injury with minor loss of brush border were detected in envenomed mice. RvPLA2 and RvMP (300 µg/kg; i.p.) also induced congestion and tissue inflammation of heart muscle as well as diffuse congestion of mouse spleen. This study showed the significant roles of PLA2 and SVMP in snake bite envenoming caused by Thai D. siamensis and their similarities with observed clinical manifestations in envenomed victims. This study also indicated that there is a need to reevaluate the current treatment strategies for Thai D. siamensis envenoming, given the potential for irreversible nephrotoxicity.

scholarly journals RIP3 impedes transcription factor EB to suppress autophagic degradation in septic acute kidney injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruizhao Li ◽  
Xingchen Zhao ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Wei Dong ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Septic Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Transcription Factor Eb ◽  
Autophagic Degradation ◽  
Lps Treatment

AbstractAutophagy is an important renal-protective mechanism in septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3) has been implicated in the renal tubular injury and renal dysfunction during septic AKI. Here we investigated the role and mechanism of RIP3 on autophagy in septic AKI. We showed an activation of RIP3, accompanied by an accumulation of the autophagosome marker LC3II and the autophagic substrate p62, in the kidneys of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced septic AKI mice and LPS-treated cultured renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs). The lysosome inhibitor did not further increase the levels of LCII or p62 in LPS-treated PTECs. Moreover, inhibition of RIP3 attenuated the aberrant accumulation of LC3II and p62 under LPS treatment in vivo and in vitro. By utilizing mCherry-GFP-LC3 autophagy reporter mice in vivo and PTECs overexpression mRFP-GFP-LC3 in vitro, we observed that inhibition of RIP3 restored the formation of autolysosomes and eliminated the accumulated autophagosomes under LPS treatment. These results indicated that RIP3 impaired autophagic degradation, contributing to the accumulation of autophagosomes. Mechanistically, the nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a master regulator of the lysosome and autophagy pathway, was inhibited in LPS-induced mice and LPS-treated PTECs. Inhibition of RIP3 restored the nuclear translocation of TFEB in vivo and in vitro. Co-immunoprecipitation further showed an interaction of RIP3 and TFEB in LPS-treated PTECs. Also, the expression of LAMP1 and cathepsin B, two potential target genes of TFEB involved in lysosome function, were decreased under LPS treatment in vivo and in vitro, and this decrease was rescued by inhibiting RIP3. Finally, overexpression of TFEB restored the autophagic degradation in LPS-treated PTECs. Together, the present study has identified a pivotal role of RIP3 in suppressing autophagic degradation through impeding the TFEB-lysosome pathway in septic AKI, providing potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of septic AKI.

scholarly journals TRPV4-mediated Ca2+ influx is essential to glomerular endothelial inflammation in sepsis associated acute kidney injury

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Wang ◽  
Yinhua Wang ◽  
Guo Zhou ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
Huanhuan Huo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Cecal Ligation ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Endothelial Inflammation ◽  
Glomerular Endothelial Cells

Abstract Background Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is a frequent complication of critical patients and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The glomerular endothelial cell injury is the main characteristics during S-AKI. Ca2+ influx is a key step in the establishment of endothelial injury. Transient receptor vanilloid subtype 4 (TRPV4) ion channels are permeable to Ca2+ and are widely expressed in endothelial cells. However, the role of TRPV4 on glomerular endothelial inflammation in S-AKI has remained elusive. Methods Mouse glomerular endothelial cells (MRGEC) were used to test the molecular mechanism of TRPV4 on LPS-induced glomerular endothelial inflammation. The cecal-ligation-and-puncture (CLP) model was established by ligation of cecum with 4-0 suture and punctured with a 21-gauge needle. Then 0.2mL faeces was extruded from the puncture site to trigger peritoneal inflammation. Results In the present study, we found that blocking TRPV4 diminishes LPS-induced cytosolic Ca2+-elevations, which are essential for glomerular endothelial inflammation and barrier function. Furthermore, TRPV4 regulated LPS-induced phosphorylation and translocation of NF-κB and IRF-3 in mouse glomerular endothelial cells (MRGEC). Clamping intracellular Ca2+ mimics the LPS-induce response seen in the absence of TRPV4. In vivo, pharmacological blockade or knock down of TRPV4 reduced the inflammatory response of glomerular endothelial cells, inhibited translocation of NF-κB and IRF-3, increased survival rate and improved renal function in CLP-induced sepsis but without altering renal cortical blood perfusion. Conclusions Taken together, these results suggested that inhibition of TRPV4 ameliorates glomerular endothelial inflammation, kidney dysfunction, and increased mortality via mediating Ca2+ overload and NF-κB/IRF-3 activation. These discoveries may provide novel pharmacological strategies for the treatment of glomerular endothelial dysfunction and kidney injury during endotoxemia, sepsis, and other inflammatory diseases.

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