Intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration in human muscle during recovery from exercise

1978 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sahlin ◽  
A. Alvestrand ◽  
R. Brandt ◽  
E. Hultman
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Exercise Muscle ◽  
Chloride Method ◽  
Acid Labile

Eight subjects exercised on an ergometer until exhaustion. Femoral venous blood was analyzed for lactate, pyruvate, protein, electrolytes, and acid-base parameters. Muscle samples taken during the recovery period from m. quadriceps femoris were analyzed for water, electrolytes, lactate, and acid-labile CO2. Water content in the muscle biopsy sample was increased after exercise to 78.7 +/- 0.5% compared with the normal 76.7 +/- 0.8% at rest. The distribution of water between the extra- and intracellular space was calculated by the chloride method. In spite of elevated PCO2 in femoral venous blood the content of acid-labile CO2 was decreased in muscle after exercise. One minute after termination of exercise muscle CO2 was about half of the normal content at rest. During the recovery period muscle CO2 increased but was 20 min after termination of exercise still significantly below the value at rest. Intracellular pH (pHi) and bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3-]i) in muscle have been calculated. The validity of the assumptions underlying the calculations are thoroughly discussed. pHi decreased from the normal value at rest, 7.00 +/- 0.06 (mean +/- SD), to about 6.4 after exercise. [HCO3-] decreased from 10.2 +/- 1.2 mmol/l at rest to about 3 mmol/l after exercise. The changes are the greatest so far reported for an in vivo situation. After 20 min recovery pHi was almost the same as at rest, whereas bicarbonate was still well below.

In Vivo Analysis of Gas Transport in Arterial and Venous Blood of the Sea Lamprey Petromyzon Marinus

1992 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119
Author(s):  
B. L. TUFTS ◽  
B. BAGATTO ◽  
B. CAMERON
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Extracellular Acidosis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
In Vivo Analysis

Exercise in sea lampreys resulted in a significant decrease in the extracellular pH (pHe) in both arterial and venous blood. At rest, the erythrocyte pH (pHi) of venous blood was significantly greater than the pHi of arterial blood. Despite the considerable extracellular acidosis after exercise, both arterial and venous pHi were maintained throughout the recovery period. In the venous blood, there was a reversal of the pH gradient (ΔpH) across the erythrocyte membrane immediately after exercise. Exercise also resulted in significant reductions in the partial pressure of oxygen and hemoglobin oxygen-carriage and a significant increase in the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial and venous blood. Although the total CO2 concentration of the plasma decreased after exercise, erythrocyte total CO2 concentrations (CCOCO2,i) increased. In venous blood, the CCOCO2,i immediately after exercise was double the resting value. At rest, partitioning of the total CO2 content between plasma and erythrocytes indicated that 16 % and 22 % of the total CO2 could be attributed to the erythrocytes in arterial and venous whole blood, respectively. After exercise, these percentages increased to 25% (arterial) and 38% (venous). Changes in CCOCO2,i accounted for 62% of the arteriovenous difference in whole-blood total CO2 at rest. This increased to 78% immediately after exercise. Thus, unlike other vertebrates, CO2 transport in the lamprey in vivo is largely dependent on erythrocyte CO2-carriage.

Intracellular and extracellular acid-base regulation in the tropical fresh-water teleost fish Synbranchus marmoratus in response to the transition from water breathing to air breathing

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Heisler
Keyword(s):  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Fresh Water Fish ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Main Site

In the tropical fresh water fish, Synbranchus marmoratus, transition from water breathing to air breathing, induced by reduction of oxygen partial pressure (PO2) in the environmental water below 16 mmHg, causes a considerable rise in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2), from 5.6 to 26 mmHg on the average (half time of the rise between 2 and 6.5 h). The associated fall in arterial plasma pH by about 0.6 units is not compensated by an increase in plasma bicarbonate concentration, whereas the intracellular pH of white skeletal muscle and heart muscle is kept almost constant by elevation of the intracellular bicarbonate concentration. The additional bicarbonate is generated by intracellular non-bicarbonate buffering, and by net transfer into the intracellular space of bicarbonate formed by buffering in blood. Only a relatively small quantity of bicarbonate is taken up from environmental water. This type of acid-base regulation, with almost complete intracellular pH compensation and only minor bicarbonate uptake (equivalent H+ release or OH- uptake) from water, is attributed to several factors. Probably the most important of these is the lack of continuous contact of the gills, which are the main site of ion transfer processes, with the environmental water during air breathing. Regardless of the mechanisms involved, this particular strategy of acid-base regulation provides a constant milieu for the intracellular structures and demonstrates the prevalence of intracellular over extracellular acid-base regulation.

Metabolic response to halothane in piglets susceptible to malignant hyperthermia: an in vivo 31P-NMR study

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Decanniere ◽  
P. Van Hecke ◽  
F. Vanstapel ◽  
H. Ville ◽  
R. Geers
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Hyperthermia ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Intracellular Acidosis ◽  
Nmr Study

Using in vivo 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we studied the skeletal muscle metabolism of 17 anesthetized malignant hyperthermia-susceptible piglets and 25 control piglets during and after a halothane stress test. At rest, the phosphocreatine- (PCr) to-ATP ratio was 12% higher in the anesthetized piglets than in the control piglets, which may reflect a higher proportion of fast glycolytic fibers in the former. About 15 min of halothane administration sufficed to provoke onset of a reaction, which was characterized by a reciprocal drop in PCr and an increase in Pi with commencing intracellular acidosis. Halothane was withdrawn after a 20% drop in PCr. Within the next few minutes, intracellular pH dropped sharply and phosphomonoesters (PME) accumulated excessively. ATP was observed to decrease in 8 of the 17 animals. Halothane inhalation provoked a switch of metabolism toward glycolysis. Accumulation of PME suggests a mismatch between glycogenolysis and glycolysis. Despite severe acidification, glycolysis was not completely halted. Recovery of PCr and Pi started approximately 5 min after halothane withdrawal, with a longer time constant for recovery of the former. PME and intracellular pH aberrations lingered and started to recover later. Lost ATP was never restored within the observed recovery period of approximately 20 min.

Increase in Serum Ionized Calcium during Exercise

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 579-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pors Nielsen ◽  
T. Falch Christiansen ◽  
O. Hartling ◽  
J. Trap-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Serum Ionized Calcium

1. Normal subjects showed an average increase in serum ionized calcium (Ca2+) concentration of 0·11 mmol/l in peripheral venous blood 10 min after onset of bicycle exercise at 70% of maximum aerobic capacity. The corresponding mean rise in serum total calcium concentration was 0·21 mmol/l. 2. The change in serum Ca2+ as result of acidification was studied in 20 normal subjects by carbon dioxide equilibration in vitro followed by measurement of serum Ca2+. The log serum Ca2+ was inversely proportional to serum pH. 3. The Δlog serum Ca2+/ΔpH in vitro was similar to the Δlog serum Caa+/ΔpH in vivo during exercise, this ratio, however, being somewhat greater during the first minute of exercise. 4. Serum Ca2+ returned to normal values about 20 min after stopping exercise as the pH returned to normal, but the fall immediately after stopping exercise was more pronounced than that due to the change in pH, as predicted from the studies in vitro. 5. Blood lactate concentration rose from 0·86 to 8·41 mmol/l after 10 min exercise, but the rise in blood lactate during exercise was slower than the rise in serum Ca2+. Also the fall during the recovery period was delayed compared with the fall in serum Ca2+. 6. It is suggested that the rise in serum Ca2+ during severe muscular exercise might be important for the physiological adaptations during work, and for bone metabolism.

Cl−, K+, and acid–base balance in rainbow trout during exposure to, and recovery from, sublethal environmental acidification

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1123-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Booth ◽  
G. F. Jansz ◽  
G. F. Holeton
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Water Recovery ◽  
Acid Base Balance ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Intracellular Space ◽  
Ion Concentrations ◽  
Blood Ph ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Base Balance

A review of pertinent literature is provided. Previous research showed that fish exposed to sublethal environmental acidification have reduced blood pH, plasma [HCO3−], and [Cl−] and increased plasma [K+]. Simultaneous sampling from blood and water was used to characterize changes in Cl−, K+, and acid–base regulation in rainbow trout during a 5-day exposure to pH 4 followed by a 24-h recovery period at pH 7. At pH 4, there was a continuous loss of Cl− (49.8 μmol/kg per hour), and K+ (23.0 μmol/kg per hour) to the water. Blood ion concentrations did not change in a corresponding manner. Blood pH and plasma [HCO3−] decreased continuously owing to a net uptake of acid from the water. Recovery at pH 7 involved uptake of Cl− from, and loss of K+ to, the water. Plasma [K+] returned to normal but there was no significant change in plasma [Cl−] during this 24-h period. Internal acid–base parameters recovered much more quickly owing to a net excretion of acid into the water. The more rapid recovery of acid–base balance suggests that branchial acid–base and ionoregulatory mechanisms may be only loosely linked. The irregular changes in blood ion concentrations indicate that considerable ionic and osmotic exchanges between the plasma, the remainder of the extracellular space, and the intracellular space must result from exposure to pH 4.

The Intracellular pH of Human Leucocytes in Response to Acid—Base Changes in Vitro

1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Levin ◽  
P. Collinson ◽  
D. N. Baron
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Ph Measurements

1. Viable human leucocytes were isolated from venous blood and suspended in artificial media. Intracellular pH measurements were made by the dimethyloxazolidinedione technique in conditions simulating ‘respiratory’ or ‘metabolic’ acid-base disturbances. 2. Normal intracellular pH was 7·11 ± 0·02 (mean ± 2 sd) at an extracellular Pco2 of 5·8 kPa and a bicarbonate concentration of 25 mmol/l. 3. ‘Respiratory’ and ‘metabolic’ acidosis caused little change in pH1 although increases in Pco2 led to relatively greater falls in pH1 than did reduction in external bicarbonate concentration. 4. ‘Respiratory’ and ‘metabolic’ alkalosis caused similar and relatively greater increases in the pH1 when compared with the response to an external acidosis.

scholarly journals Electrolytes, Metabolic And Acid-Base Parameters In Blood And Fluids of The Reproductive Tract During In Vivo Maturation of Bovine Oocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer F. Gungor ◽  
Saleh Salman ◽  
Saurav Ranjitkar ◽  
Delong Zhang ◽  
Xiuchun (Cindy) Tian
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Base Parameters ◽  
Bovine Oocytes

Abstract Follicular fluid is the microenvironment that supports oocyte maturation and competence. Using Abbott iSTAT1™ and NanoDrop, we determined the dynamics of acid-base, electrolyte, metabolites, and total protein in venous blood, fluids of the dominant follicle (FF), oviduct (OF), and uterus (UF) during the window of oocyte maturation. Holstein heifers (n=36) were synchronized with PGF2α on Days -11 and 0, CIDR during Days -6 to 1, and GnRH given on Day 2 after 2nd PG. Samples were collected at 24h, 48h, 60h, 72h, and 78h after 2nd PG. Most electrolytes analyzed, Cl-, K+, and Ca2+ were significantly affected in blood and FF (P<0.05) by CIDR removal. Similarly, Cl- and Na+ also significantly changed in OF and UF across time. Glucose, lactate, and creatinine significantly changed across time points in FF compared to blood. Moreover, pO2, pCO2, TCO2, and pH significantly changed across time in FF. Most parameters were not significantly correlated between blood and FF across time points except for glucose, Cl- and creatinine. Furthermore, pO2 in FF was nearly 3X higher than blood, suggesting low O2 during in vitro maturation is inappropriate. In conclusion, components of the follicular fluid undergo major changes during the window of oocyte maturation.

Determination of liver intracellular pH in vivo and its homeostasis in acute acidosis and alkalosis

1979 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. F240-F245 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Park ◽  
W. J. Leach ◽  
A. I. Arieff
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Respiratory Alkalosis ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Acute Metabolic Acidosis

An in vivo method is presented for the determination of liver intracellular pH (pHi) using [14C]dimethadione (DMO) in dogs. This method differs from those previously published in that hepatic venous and portal venous blood pH were selected as the extracellular reference pH, and liver blood space corrections are applied to whole liver tissue [14C]DMO activity. Using these corrections, a normal liver pHi of 6.99 +/- 0.03 (SE) was obtained. During acute metabolic acidosis and alkalosis, as well as during acute respiratory acidosis and alkalosis, the liver pHi remained normal; metabolic acidosis was 7.04 +/- 0.04; metabolic alkalosis was 6.92 +/- 0.08; respiratory acidosis was 6.98 +/- 0.04; and respiratory alkalosis was 7.00 +/- 0.10. None of these values was significantly different from normal (P greater than 0.05). Changes in intracellular bicarbonate and lactate appeared to account in part for the observed stability of the liver pHi despite acute manipulations resulting in a range of pH values between 7.09 and 7.63 in arterial blood.

Intracellular pH and Bicarbonate Concentration as Determined in Biopsy Samples from the Quadriceps Muscle of Man at Rest

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-466
Author(s):  
K. Sahlin ◽  
A. Alvestrand ◽  
J. Bergström ◽  
E. Hultman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Cellular Water ◽  
Muscle Biopsies

1. A method for measuring intracellular pH and bicarbonate concentration of human muscle is described. 2. Muscle biopsies from the quadriceps muscle of 13 healthy subjects at rest were analysed for acid-labile carbon dioxide and volume of extra- and intra-cellular water. Extracellular water volume was estimated from the chloride content and intracellular water volume from the potassium content, or alternatively derived from the sample weight. 3. The measured total carbon dioxide content in muscle was 9·84 ± 1·39 mmol/kg. 4. Assuming a normal membrane potential (88 mV) and Pco2 of muscle equal to venous blood, calculated intracellular pH was 7·00 ± 0·06 and intracellular bicarbonate concentration was 10·2 ± 1·2 mmol/l of water.

Effect of bicarbonate administration on skeletal muscle intracellular pH in the rat: implications for acute administration of bicarbonate in man

1992 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Campbell H. Thompson ◽  
Paul D. Syme ◽  
E. Mark Williams ◽  
John G. G. Ledingham ◽  
George K. Radda
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Partial Pressure ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Acute Administration ◽  
Intracellular Acidosis ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration

1. The effect of bicarbonate administration on the intracellular pH of rat skeletal muscle was examined by using 31P n.m.r. 2. Bicarbonate administered intraperitoneally caused a significant intracellular acidosis in rat skeletal muscle in vivo. When the bicarbonate was administered intravenously there was no such change in the pH of the skeletal muscle. 3. Bicarbonate administration by either route resulted in an elevated mixed venous partial pressure of carbon dioxide and an elevated arterial pH, but no significant change in the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide. The increase in arterial bicarbonate concentration after intraperitoneal injection of bicarbonate was delayed when compared with that after intravenous injection. 4. The administration of hypertonic solutions intravenously caused a transient 40–50% fall in blood pressure, which had resolved within 1 min. 5. The data suggest that the effect of bicarbonate administration on intracellular pH in vivo is related not only to carbon dioxide loading of the cell but also to the rate of change in the extracellular bicarbonate concentration.

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