Treadmill exercise training and estradiol increase plasma ACTH and prolactin after novel footshock

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 931-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. White-Welkley ◽  
G. L. Warren ◽  
B. N. Bunnell ◽  
E. H. Mougey ◽  
J. L. Meyerhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Hpg Axis ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis

We examined whether rats that were treadmill exercise trained (Tr) or chronically immobilized (CI) had similar responses by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) cortical axis to acute stress and whether the HPA responses interacted with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. After 6 wk (1 h/day, 6 days/wk) of Tr or CI, plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone ([ACTH]), [prolactin], and [corticosterone] were measured after familiar (treadmill running or immobilization) or novel (footshock) stress. Ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley females (n = 72) were implanted with capsules containing estradiol benzoate (E2) and randomly assigned in a 2-group (E2 vs. no E2) x 3 treatment (Tr vs. CI vs. sedentary) x 4 acute stressor [footshock vs. treadmill running (Run) vs. immobilization (Im) vs. no stress] x 3 recovery time (1 vs. 15 vs. 30 min) mixed-model analysis of variance. E2 capsules were removed from one-half of the animals 48 h before the first stressor session. After 10 min of acute stress, blood was drawn from a jugular catheter at 1, 15, and 30 min of recovery. [ACTH] and [prolactin] after footshock were higher in Tr rats with E2 compared with CI and sedentary rats without E2; recovery levels for sedentary animals were higher after Run compared with Im. The elevation in [corticosterone] from minute 1 to 15 of recovery was higher after the familiar Run and Im conditions. Our findings are consistent with an increased responsiveness of the HPA axis to novel footshock after treadmill exercise training that is additionally modulated by the HPG axis.

scholarly journals Short-Term Treadmill Running as a Model for Studying Cell-Free DNA Kinetics In Vivo

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Beiter ◽  
Annunziata Fragasso ◽  
Jens Hudemann ◽  
Andreas M Nieß ◽  
Perikles Simon
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cell Free Dna ◽  
Free Dna ◽  
Cross Country

BACKGROUND Increased plasma concentrations of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) are considered a hallmark of various clinical conditions. Despite intensive research in this field, limited data are available concerning the time course of release and clearance of cf-DNA in vivo. METHODS We extracted cf-DNA from plasma samples taken before and immediately after a 10-km cross-country run, and from samples taken before, immediately after, and 30 min after exhaustive short-term treadmill exercise. The contribution of nuclear (nDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The incremental treadmill exercise setup was exploited to delineate the precise sequencing and timing of cf-nDNA, lactate, and high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) release during the exercise and recovery phases. RESULTS Postexercise plasma cf-nDNA concentrations in cross-country and treadmill runners were significantly increased, by 7.6-fold and 9.9-fold, respectively (P < 0.001). cf-nDNA concentrations were not correlated with age, sex, or body mass index. Plasma concentrations of cf-nDNA and HMGB1 in postexercise samples of treadmill runners were significantly correlated (r = 0.84; P = 0.004). cf-mtDNA concentrations were not affected by treadmill exercise. Time-course analyses demonstrated that cf-nDNA is released within minutes after the onset of exercise and is rapidly cleared from the circulation after the cessation of exercise. Nearly congruent kinetics for cf-nDNA, lactate, and HMGB1 were observed during the exercise phase. CONCLUSIONS A single bout of exhaustive short-term treadmill exercise constitutes a versatile model system suitable for addressing basic questions about cf-DNA biology.

scholarly journals Differential expression of stress proteins in rat myocardium after free wheel or treadmill run training

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 1696-1701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl G. Noble ◽  
Albert Moraska ◽  
Robert S. Mazzeo ◽  
David A. Roth ◽  
M. Charlotte Olsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

High-intensity treadmill exercise increases the expression of a cardioprotective, inducible 72-kDa stress protein (SP72) in cardiac muscle. This investigation examined whether voluntary free wheel exercise training would be sufficient to confer a similar response. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to either treadmill (TM-Tr) or free wheel (FW-Tr) training groups. By the end of the 8-wk training period, TM-Tr animals ran 1 h/day, 5 days/wk up a 10% grade, covering a distance of 8,282 m/wk. FW-Tr rats ran, on average, 5,300 m/wk, with one-third of the animals covering distances similar to those for the TM-Tr group. At the time of death, hearts of trained and caged sedentary control (Sed) animals were divided into left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles. Citrate synthase activity and the relative immunoblot contents of SP72, SP73 (the constitutive isoform of the SP70 family), and a 75-kDa mitochondrial chaperone (SP75) were subsequently determined. LV and RV did not differ on any measure, and SP73, SP75, and citrate synthase were not affected by training. Cardiac SP72 levels were elevated over fourfold in both ventricles of TM-Tr compared with RV of FW-Sed rats. Despite the animals having run a similar total distance, cardiac SP72 content in FW-Tr rats was not different from that in Sed animals. These data indicate that voluntary exercise training is insufficient to elicit an elevation of SP72 in rat heart and suggest that exercise intensity may be a critical factor in evoking the cardioprotective SP72 response.

Response of XIAP, ARC, and FLIP apoptotic suppressors to 8 wk of treadmill running in rat heart and skeletal muscle

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 204-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parco M. Siu ◽  
Randall W. Bryner ◽  
Zsolt Murlasits ◽  
Stephen E. Alway
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Antiapoptotic Effect ◽  
Apoptosis Protein ◽  
Mrna Content ◽  
Cardiac Muscles

Although it has been demonstrated that exercise training has an antiapoptotic effect on postmitotic myocytes, the mechanisms responsible for this effect are still largely unclear. Because the antiapoptotic effect of exercise training in postmitotic myocytes could be possibly mediated by the upregulation of apoptotic suppressors, this study examined the effect of endurance training on endogenous apoptotic suppressors including X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), apoptosis repressor with caspases recruitment domain protein (ARC), and FADD-like inhibitor protein (FLIP) in skeletal and cardiac muscles. Eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were trained 5 days weekly for 8 wk on treadmill, and eight sedentary rats served as controls. Soleus and ventricle muscles were dissected 2 days after the last training session. The mRNA content of XIAP, ARC, and FLIP was estimated by RT-PCR with ribosomal 18S RNA used as an internal control. The protein expression of XIAP, ARC, FLIPS, and FLIPα was assessed by Western immunoblot. After training, mRNA content of ARC and FLIP was not different between the control and trained animals, whereas XIAP mRNA content was elevated by 22 and 14% in the trained soleus and cardiac muscles, respectively, relative to the control samples. No difference was found in the protein content of FLIPS and FLIPα between control and trained muscles, whereas XIAP and ARC protein content was increased by 18 and 38%, respectively, in the soleus muscle of trained animals. Furthermore, negative relationships were found between XIAP and apoptotic DNA fragmentation as well as ARC and caspase-3 activity. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the modulation of apoptotic suppressors is involved in training-induced attenuation of apoptosis in skeletal and cardiac muscles.

Abstract P100: Bioavailability of Arginine versus Erbumine Formulations of Perindopril in Healthy Subjects

Hypertension ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Event ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Period 2

Perindopril is an angiotensin converting-enzyme inhibitor with a proven track record in cardiovascular clinical trials. Traditionally formulated as the t -butyl amine (“erbumine”) salt, perindopril’s arginine salt has been FDA-approved in combination with amlodipine besylate. The arginine salt has the advantage of being more stable at higher temperatures or humidity. To demonstrate bioequivalence (using the standard FDA definition of 90% confidence intervals that are within 80-125% of the values seen with the reference product), the bioavailability of the two perindopril formulations was compared. After screening 121 healthy subjects, 30 (73% male, 38.9±9.5 years of age, 67% African American, BMI of 26.6±2.7 kg/m 2 ) signed informed consent, and were studied in a randomized, single-center, single-dose, open-label, 2-period, 2-way cross-over design with a 14-day washout period. After an overnight fast, perindopril was administered orally with 240 mL of water, and blood samples taken at defined time points. After dose-normalization (the arginine salt has a molecular weight 1.43-fold greater than that of the erbumine salt), all pharmacokinetic parameters for perindopril plasma concentrations were similar between treatments. Mixed model analysis of these parameters demonstrated bioequivalence (e.g., area under the time-plasma concentration curve: 10.2 vs. 10.5 hr•ng/mL/mg, P = 0.54). Very similar results with non-significant differences were also seen for the pharmacokinetics of perindoprilat (perindopril’s active metabolite): 33.3 vs. 38.3 hr•ng/mL/mg, P = 0.17. Two subjects did not complete the perindopril arginine arm of the study: one withdrew consent, and the other experienced a protocol deviation. No subjects experienced a serious adverse event or withdrew due to a treatment-emergent adverse event. Four subjects reported adverse events after perindopril arginine, and two subjects reported neck pain or presyncope after perindopril erbumine. After dose-normalization, these two formulations of perindopril meet all traditional criteria for AB rating and interchangeability.

scholarly journals Exercise Pills for Drug Addiction: Forced Moderate Endurance Exercise Inhibits Methamphetamine-Induced Hyperactivity through the Striatal Glutamatergic Signaling Pathway in Male Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8203
Author(s):  
Suryun Jung ◽  
Youjeong Kim ◽  
Mingyu Kim ◽  
Minjae Seo ◽  
Suji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Exercise Treatment ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Gsk 3Β

Physical exercise reduces the extent, duration, and frequency of drug use in drug addicts during the drug initiation phase, as well as during prolonged addiction, withdrawal, and recurrence. However, information about exercise-induced neurobiological changes is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of forced moderate endurance exercise training on methamphetamine (METH)-induced behavior and the associated neurobiological changes. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to the administration of METH (1 mg/kg/day, i.p.) and/or forced moderate endurance exercise (treadmill running, 21 m/min, 60 min/day) for 2 weeks. Over the two weeks, endurance exercise training significantly reduced METH-induced hyperactivity. METH and/or exercise treatment increased striatal dopamine (DA) levels, decreased p(Thr308)-Akt expression, and increased p(Tyr216)-GSK-3β expression. However, the phosphorylation levels of Ser9-GSK-3β were significantly increased in the exercise group. METH administration significantly increased the expression of NMDAr1, CaMKK2, MAPKs, and PP1 in the striatum, and exercise treatment significantly decreased the expression of these molecules. Therefore, it is apparent that endurance exercise inhibited the METH-induced hyperactivity due to the decrease in GSK-3β activation by the regulation of the striatal glutamate signaling pathway.

scholarly journals PO-230 Treadmill Running Ameliorates Alcohol-Induced Malfunctioning of Intra- and Extra-Mitochondrial Enzymes in Liver of Aged Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽  
Yubo Liu ◽  
Weibing Ye ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Sathyavelu Reddy Kesireddy
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzyme ◽  
Old Rats

Objective Alcohol consumption particularly at old age can cause severe liver damage through malfunctioning of vital organelles, including mitochondria. Exercise is known to improve the cellular functions against alcohol-induced adverse effects and oxidative stress. Nevertheless, whether exercise can promote mitochondrial function in old alcohol-fed rats remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of exercise training on intra- and extra-mitochondrial enzyme activities in alcohol/ethanol treated rats. Methods  Young (3-month, n=24) and old (18-month, n=24) Wistar albino rats were equally divided into control, exercise, ethanol and combination of exercise plus ethanol treated groups. Following treadmill exercise (23 m/min, 30 min/day 5-day/wk) and ethanol (2 g/kg b.w.) treatment for 2 months, cytosol and mitochondrial enzyme activities, triglycerides and phospholipids were estimated in the liver of young and old rats. Results We found ethanol intoxication significantly decreased (P<0.01) the hepatic intra- and extra-mitochondrial enzyme activities, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) in both young and old rats.  However, exercise training considerably reversed the loss of these enzyme activities, and further maintained above control levels in respective age groups. Restoration of mitochondrial marker enzymes (SDH and GDH) with exercise against ethanol-loss was prominent in young compared to old rats, which indicates old rats are prone to alcohol-induced adverse effects. Alcohol-induced elevated LDH levels in both ages were slightly decreased by exercise plus ethanol treatment. We further noticed that amplified triglycerides and phospholipids were substantially decreased following treadmill exercise in both age groups. Decreased triglycerides level with exercise was prominent in young alcohol-fed rats than that of old. Conclusions Our results imply that 2-month treadmill exercise training effectively ameliorated the ruined cytosol and mitochondrial enzyme activities in young and old ethanol-fed rats. Improved mitochondrial enzymes and decreased triglycerides with exercise training may protect the alcohol-induced liver damage.  

Cardiovascular responses to voluntary and treadmill exercise in rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 1334-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Yancey ◽  
J. M. Overton
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Voluntary Exercise ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Mesenteric Blood Flow ◽  
Doppler Flow ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) were housed in activity wheels and familiarized with treadmill running 2 wk before they were instrumented with Doppler flow probes and a carotid catheter. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), mesenteric blood flow (BFmes), and iliac blood flow were determined during bouts of voluntary and treadmill exercise. One voluntary exercise bout (speed = 33 +/- 2 m/min, duration = 26 +/- 5 s) from each rat was selected to compare with 30 s of treadmill exercise at 30 m/min. Voluntary exercise produced increases in MAP (7 +/- 3 mmHg) and HR (63 +/- 7 beats/min) that were significantly less than the increases of 21 +/- 5 mmHg and 95 +/- 9 beats/min, respectively, with treadmill exercise. Voluntary exercise caused an immediate reduction in BFmes of 32 +/- 6%, whereas treadmill exercise produced a significantly greater reduction of 57 +/- 4%. Voluntary and treadmill exercise caused similar increases in iliac blood flow of 112 +/- 15 and 169 +/- 31%, respectively. The patterns of cardiovascular adjustments to the initiation of voluntary exercise are similar to those observed at the initiation of treadmill exercise; however, MAP, HR, and BFmes responses were significantly greater with treadmill exercise.

scholarly journals Prior exercise training increases collateral-dependent blood flow in rats after acute femoral artery occlusion

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (4) ◽  
pp. H1890-H1897 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Yang ◽  
M. Harold Laughlin ◽  
Ronald L. Terjung
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Femoral Artery ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Artery Occlusion ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Prior Training ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

We evaluated whether prior training would improve collateral blood flow (BF) to the calf muscles after acute-onset occlusion of the femoral artery. Exercise training was performed in the absence of any vascular occlusion. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (∼325 g) were kept sedentary ( n = 14), limited to cage activity, or exercise trained ( n = 14) for 6 wk by treadmill running. Early in the day of measurement, animals were surgically prepared for BF determination, and the femoral arteries were occluded bilaterally. Four to five hours later, collateral BF was determined twice during treadmill running with the use of 141Ce and85Sr microspheres: first, at a demanding speed and, second, after a brief rest and at a higher speed. The absence of any further increase in BF at the higher speed indicated that maximal collateral BF was measured. Prior training increased calf muscle BF by ∼70% compared with sedentary animals; however, absolute BF remained below values previously observed in animals with a well-developed collateral vascular tree. Thus prior training appeared to optimize the use of the existing collateral circuit. This implies that altered vasoresponsiveness induced in normal nonoccluded vessels with exercise training serves to improve collateral BF to the periphery.

Correlation integral of blood pressure as a marker for exercise intensities

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (5) ◽  
pp. R1661-R1666 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Wagner ◽  
H. M. Stauss ◽  
P. B. Persson ◽  
K. C. Kregel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Frequency Component ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Pulse Interval ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Correlation Integral ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Altered Regulation

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the correlation integral technique detects altered regulation of cardiovascular function during graded treadmill exercise. Arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured via telemetry before and during graded treadmill exercise in Sprague-Dawley rats. During treadmill running at mild, moderate, and heavy exercise intensities, the slope of the correlation integrals (SCI) continuously increased from 5.45 ± 0.17 to 7.12 ± 0.18, 7.92 ± 0.23, and 8.40 ± 0.23, respectively. However, corresponding changes in pulse interval, blood pressure, and systolic blood pressure with increasing workload were not consistently observed. Low-frequency, midfrequency, and high-frequency powers of BP were not different between adjacent exercise grades; only the low-frequency component of pulse interval was different between resting state and mild exercise, and BP variance was significantly different between mild and moderate grades. Comparison of the SCI values with those obtained from surrogate data sets suggests that these differences originate mainly from nonlinear components in the cardiovascular control system. These findings support the hypothesis that SCI detects alterations in cardiovascular regulation associated with graded exercise. Furthermore, SCI may be superior to linear techniques in detecting altered regulation with changing exercise intensities.

Treadmill exercise training blunts suppression of splenic natural killer cell cytolysis after footshock

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 2176-2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Dishman ◽  
J. M. Warren ◽  
S. Hong ◽  
B. N. Bunnell ◽  
E. H. Mougey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Training ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Home Cage ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Activity Wheel ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Fischer 344

This study extended to treadmill exercise training our prior report (Dishman RK, Warren JM, Youngstedt SD, Yoo H, Bunnell BN, Mougey EH, Meyerhoff JL, Jaso-Friedmann L, and Evans DL. J Appl Physiol78: 1547–1554, 1995) that activity wheel running abolished the suppression of footshock-induced natural killer (NK) cell cytolysis. Twenty-four male Fischer 344 rats were assigned to one of three groups ( n = 8, all groups): 1) a home-cage control group, 2) a sedentary treatment group, or 3) a treadmill-running group (0° incline, 25 m/min, 35 min/day, 6 days/wk). After 6 wk, the treadmill and sedentary groups received 2 days of footshock. Splenic NK cytotoxicity was determined by standard 4-h 51Cr release assay. Percentages of lymphocytes were determined by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and prolactin concentration were measured by radioimmunoassay. After footshock, percentage of lysis relative to home-cage controls was 40% and 80% for sedentary and treadmill-trained animals, respectively ( P < 0.05). Our results indicate that the protective effect of chronic exercise on innate cellular immunity in the Fischer 344 male rat is not restricted to activity wheel running, nor is it explained by elevations in basal NK activity, increased percentages of splenic NK and cytotoxic T cells, or increased plasma levels of ACTH, corticosterone, and prolactin.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document