scholarly journals Reversing age-associated arterial dysfunction: insight from preclinical models

2018 ◽  
Vol 125 (6) ◽  
pp. 1860-1870 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkateswara R. Gogulamudi ◽  
Jinjin Cai ◽  
Lisa A. Lesniewski
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sirtuin 1 ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Energy Sensing ◽  
Primary Risk Factor

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain the leading causes of death in the United States, and advancing age is a primary risk factor. Impaired endothelium-dependent dilation and increased stiffening of the arteries with aging are independent predictors of CVD. Increased tissue and systemic oxidative stress and inflammation underlie this age-associated arterial dysfunction. Calorie restriction (CR) is the most powerful intervention known to increase life span and improve age-related phenotypes, including arterial dysfunction. However, the translatability of long-term CR to clinical populations is limited, stimulating interest in the pursuit of pharmacological CR mimetics to reproduce the beneficial effects of CR. The energy-sensing pathways, mammalian target of rapamycin, AMPK, and sirtuin-1 have all been implicated in the beneficial effects of CR on longevity and/or physiological function and, as such, have emerged as potential targets for therapeutic intervention as CR mimetics. Although manipulation of each of these pathways has CR-like benefits on arterial function, the magnitude and/or mechanisms can be disparate from that of CR. Nevertheless, targeting these pathways in older individuals may provide some benefits against arterial dysfunction and CVD. The goal of this review is to provide a brief discussion of the mechanisms and pathways underlying age-associated dysfunction in large arteries, explain how these are impacted by CR, and to present the available evidence, suggesting that targets for energy-sensing pathways may act as vascular CR mimetics.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of multisensory and cognitive stimulation on age-related cognitive decline in long-term-care institutions

2014 ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristovam Picanço-Diniz ◽  
Thais Cristina Galdino De Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Cabral Soares ◽  
Liliane Dias E Dias De Macedo ◽  
Domingos Luiz Wanderley Picanco Diniz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Cognitive Stimulation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Cognitive Decline

scholarly journals Caloric restriction: powerful protection for the aging heart and vasculature

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (4) ◽  
pp. H1205-H1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Weiss ◽  
Luigi Fontana
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Left Ventricular Diastolic Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Research has shown that the majority of the cardiometabolic alterations associated with an increased risk of CVD (e.g., insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and inflammation) can be prevented, and even reversed, with the implementation of healthier diets and regular exercise. Data from animal and human studies indicate that more drastic interventions, i.e., calorie restriction with adequate nutrition (CR), may have additional beneficial effects on several metabolic and molecular factors that are modulating cardiovascular aging itself (e.g., cardiac and arterial stiffness and heart rate variability). The purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge on the effects of CR on the aging of the cardiovascular system and CVD risk in rodents, monkeys, and humans. Taken together, research shows that CR has numerous beneficial effects on the aging cardiovascular system, some of which are likely related to reductions in inflammation and oxidative stress. In the vasculature, CR appears to protect against endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness and attenuates atherogenesis by improving several cardiometabolic risk factors. In the heart, CR attenuates age-related changes in the myocardium (i.e., CR protects against fibrosis, reduces cardiomyocyte apoptosis, prevents myosin isoform shifts, etc.) and preserves or improves left ventricular diastolic function. These effects, in combination with other benefits of CR, such as protection against obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer, suggest that CR may have a major beneficial effect on health span, life span, and quality of life in humans.

scholarly journals Social Media Listening to Understand the Lived Experience of Presbyopia: Systematic Search and Content Analysis Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S Wolffsohn ◽  
Claudia Leteneux-Pantais ◽  
Sima Chiva-Razavi ◽  
Sarah Bentley ◽  
Chloe Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Manual Review

BACKGROUND Presbyopia is defined as the age-related deterioration of near vision over time which is experienced in over 80% of people aged 40 years or older. Individuals with presbyopia have difficulty with tasks that rely on near vision. It is not currently possible to stop or reverse the aging process that causes presbyopia; generally, it is corrected with glasses, contact lenses, surgery, or the use of a magnifying glass. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore how individuals used social media to describe their experience of presbyopia with regard to the symptoms experienced and the impacts of presbyopia on their quality of life. METHODS Social media sources including Twitter, forums, blogs, and news outlets were searched using a predefined search string relating to symptoms and impacts of presbyopia. The data that were downloaded, based on the keywords, underwent manual review to identify relevant data points. Relevant posts were further manually analyzed through a process of data tagging, categorization, and clustering. Key themes relating to symptoms, impacts, treatment, and lived experiences were identified. RESULTS A total of 4456 social media posts related to presbyopia were identified between May 2017 and August 2017. Using a random sampling methodology, we selected 2229 (50.0%) posts for manual review, with 1470 (65.9%) of these 2229 posts identified as relevant to the study objectives. Twitter was the most commonly used channel for discussions on presbyopia compared to forums and blogs. The majority of relevant posts originated in Spain (559/1470, 38.0%) and the United States (426/1470, 29.0%). Of the relevant posts, 270/1470 (18.4%) were categorized as posts written by individuals who have presbyopia, of which 37 of the 270 posts (13.7%) discussed symptoms. On social media, individuals with presbyopia most frequently reported experiencing difficulty reading small print (24/37, 64.9%), difficulty focusing on near objects (15/37, 40.5%), eye strain (12/37, 32.4%), headaches (9/37, 24.3%), and blurred vision (8/37, 21.6%). 81 of the 270 posts (30.0%) discussed impacts of presbyopia—emotional burden (57/81, 70.4%), functional or daily living impacts (46/81, 56.8%), such as difficulty reading (46/81, 56.8%) and using electronic devices (21/81, 25.9%), and impacts on work (3/81, 3.7%). CONCLUSIONS Findings from this social media listening study provided insight into how people with presbyopia discuss their condition online and highlight the impact of presbyopia on individuals’ quality of life. The social media listening methodology can be used to generate insights into the lived experience of a condition, but it is recommended that this research be combined with prospective qualitative research for added rigor and for confirmation of the relevance of the findings.

Aging Societies and the Ethical Challenges of Long Life

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison R. Heid ◽  
Steven H. Zarit
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chronic Health Conditions ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Chronic Health

Individuals are living longer than they ever have before with average life expectancy at birth estimated at 79 years of age in the United States. A greater proportion of individuals are living to advanced ages of 85 or more and the ratio of individuals 65 and over to individuals of younger age groups is shrinking. Disparities in life expectancy across genders and races are pronounced. Financial challenges of sustaining the older population are substantial in most developed and many developing countries. In the United States in particular, employer-based pension programs are diminishing. Furthermore, Social Security will begin taking in less money than it pays out as early as 2023, and the debate over its future in part entails discussions of equitable distribution of resources for the young in need and the old. Living longer is associated with a greater number of chronic health conditions—over two-thirds of Medicare beneficiaries in the United States have two or more chronic health conditions that require complex self-management regimes partnered with informal and formal care services from family caregivers and institutional long-term services and supports. Caregiver burden and stress is high as are quality care deficiencies in residential long-term care settings. The balance of honoring individuals’ autonomous wishes and providing person-centered care that also addresses the practicalities of safety is an ever-present quandary. Furthermore, complex decisions regarding end-of-life care and treatments plague the medical and social realms, as more money is spent at the end of life than at any other point and individuals’ wishes for less invasive treatment are often not accommodated. Yet, despite these challenges of later life, a large percentage of older individuals are giving financial support, time, and energy to younger generations, who are increasingly strained by economic hardship, the pressures on dual earner parents, and the problems faced by single parenthood. Older individuals’ engagement in society and the help they provide others runs counter to stereotypes that render them helpless and lonely. Overall, the ethical challenges faced by society due to the aging of the population are considerable. Difficult decisions that must be addressed include the sustainability of programs, resources, and social justice in care, as well as how to marshal the resources, talents, and wisdom that older people provide.

The Biology, Medical Management, and Podiatric Implications of Menopause

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur H. Friedlander ◽  
Lester J. Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Estrogen Deprivation ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Foot Biomechanics

Approximately 36 million women in the United States are in the postmenopausal phase of life, creating unique challenges for the provision of compassionate, comprehensive podiatric medical treatment. Long-term estrogen deprivation arising from menopause in association with age-related factors disproportionately increases the risk of ischemic heart disease, osteoporosis, and concomitant podiatric complications. This article discusses the physiologic basis of menopause, hormone replacement therapy and its effects on osteoporosis, and other podiatric implications of menopause. Podiatric physicians caring for larger numbers of peri- and postmenopausal women must formulate a comprehensive management plan for treating fractures that arise from a combination of estrogen-deprivation osteoporosis and abnormal foot biomechanics. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 92(8): 437-443, 2002)

scholarly journals Eip74EF is a dominant modifier for ALS-FTD linked mutant VCP phenotypes in Drosophila, but not miR-34

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madeleine R. Chalmers ◽  
JiHye Kim ◽  
Nam Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Frontotemporal Dementia ◽  
Genetic Modifier ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
The Other ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Downstream Target ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

AbstractIn 2012 Liu et al. reported that miR-34 is an age-related miRNA regulating age-associated events and long-term brain integrity in Drosophila. They demonstrated that modulating miR-34 and its downstream target Eip74EF showed beneficial effects on age-related diseases using a Drosophila model of SCA3trQ78. These results imply that miR-34 could be a general genetic modifier and therapeutic candidate for age-related diseases. Therefore, we examined the effect of miR-34 and Eip74EF on another age-related Drosophila disease model. Using a Drosophila model expressing mutant Drosophila VCP that causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD), or multisystem proteinopathy (MSP), we demonstrated that abnormal eye phenotypes generated by Drosophila VCP R152H were rescued when expressed with Eip74EF siRNA. Contrary to our expectation, miR-34 overexpression resulted in lethality when expressed with mutant VCP. Our data indicate that the other downstream targets of miR-34 might more significantly interact with mutant VCP, causing lethality. Identifying transcriptional targets of Eip74EF might provide valuable insights into diseases caused by mutations in VCP such as ALS, FTD, and MSP.

scholarly journals Social Media Listening to Understand the Lived Experience of Presbyopia: Systematic Search and Content Analysis Study

10.2196/18306 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. e18306
Author(s):  
James S Wolffsohn ◽  
Claudia Leteneux-Pantais ◽  
Sima Chiva-Razavi ◽  
Sarah Bentley ◽  
Chloe Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Near Vision ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Manual Review

Background Presbyopia is defined as the age-related deterioration of near vision over time which is experienced in over 80% of people aged 40 years or older. Individuals with presbyopia have difficulty with tasks that rely on near vision. It is not currently possible to stop or reverse the aging process that causes presbyopia; generally, it is corrected with glasses, contact lenses, surgery, or the use of a magnifying glass. Objective This study aimed to explore how individuals used social media to describe their experience of presbyopia with regard to the symptoms experienced and the impacts of presbyopia on their quality of life. Methods Social media sources including Twitter, forums, blogs, and news outlets were searched using a predefined search string relating to symptoms and impacts of presbyopia. The data that were downloaded, based on the keywords, underwent manual review to identify relevant data points. Relevant posts were further manually analyzed through a process of data tagging, categorization, and clustering. Key themes relating to symptoms, impacts, treatment, and lived experiences were identified. Results A total of 4456 social media posts related to presbyopia were identified between May 2017 and August 2017. Using a random sampling methodology, we selected 2229 (50.0%) posts for manual review, with 1470 (65.9%) of these 2229 posts identified as relevant to the study objectives. Twitter was the most commonly used channel for discussions on presbyopia compared to forums and blogs. The majority of relevant posts originated in Spain (559/1470, 38.0%) and the United States (426/1470, 29.0%). Of the relevant posts, 270/1470 (18.4%) were categorized as posts written by individuals who have presbyopia, of which 37 of the 270 posts (13.7%) discussed symptoms. On social media, individuals with presbyopia most frequently reported experiencing difficulty reading small print (24/37, 64.9%), difficulty focusing on near objects (15/37, 40.5%), eye strain (12/37, 32.4%), headaches (9/37, 24.3%), and blurred vision (8/37, 21.6%). 81 of the 270 posts (30.0%) discussed impacts of presbyopia—emotional burden (57/81, 70.4%), functional or daily living impacts (46/81, 56.8%), such as difficulty reading (46/81, 56.8%) and using electronic devices (21/81, 25.9%), and impacts on work (3/81, 3.7%). Conclusions Findings from this social media listening study provided insight into how people with presbyopia discuss their condition online and highlight the impact of presbyopia on individuals’ quality of life. The social media listening methodology can be used to generate insights into the lived experience of a condition, but it is recommended that this research be combined with prospective qualitative research for added rigor and for confirmation of the relevance of the findings.

New Insights Into the Clinical and Nonclinical Effects of Psychedelic Substances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Forstmann ◽  
Christina Sagioglou
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cognitive Mechanisms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
History Of ◽  
Short And Long Term

Abstract. After decades of stagnation, research on psychedelic substances (such as lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], psilocybin, or N,N-dimethyltryptamine [DMT]) has experienced a renaissance over the last 10 years, with various major research programs being conducted across Europe and the United States. This research primarily investigates the potential of psychedelics in the treatment of mental health disorders, their short- and long-term effects on recreational users, and the neurological and cognitive processes responsible for their effects. The present review provides a concise summary of the most recent insights gained from this research. We briefly outline the history of psychedelic research, the objective and subjective effects caused by these substances, the prevalence and socio-psychological correlates of their use, as well as their potential for harm. Subsequently, we review empirical research on the beneficial effects of psychedelics in clinical samples, focusing on their efficacy in the treatment of major depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders, and discuss research on the proposed neural and cognitive mechanisms behind these effects. We then review research on their effects on healthy subjects, focusing on psychological well-being as well as changes in personality, nature-relatedness, and creativity. Finally, we review empirical evidence regarding the long-term effects of single experiences with psychedelics and conclude with a summary and outlook.

Abstract 15422: Distribution of 10- and 30-year Predicted Risks for Heart Failure in the United States: NHANES 2015 to 2018

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilay S Shah ◽  
Hongyan Ning ◽  
Sanjiv J Shah ◽  
Clyde Yancy ◽  
John T Wilkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Life Course ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Predicted Risk

Introduction: Heart failure (HF) poses a significant health burden with prevalence projected to increase by 46% by 2030 in the United States. Targeted implementation and dissemination of clinical and public health preventive measures across the life course will be informed by describing population distributions of short- and long-term predicted HF risk. Methods: Among nonpregnant middle-aged (30-59 years) adults without prevalent CVD from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2015-18, continuous 10-year (10Y) and 30-year (30Y) HF risk estimates were calculated using short- and long-term risk equations derived in the Cardiovascular Lifetime Risk Pooling Project. High estimated 10Y risk was classified as ≥5%, and high 30Y risk as ≥20%. Participants were categorized by combined 10Y and 30Y estimated risk categories overall and stratified by sex, race, age, and body mass index. Distributions were compared using chi-square tests. Results: In 1495 NHANES participants (representing 53,022,413 Americans) with mean age 45 years (SE 0.3), median 10Y risk was 0.8% and 30Y risk was 11%. Approximately 4% of individuals were estimated to have high 10Y predicted risk of HF. Of those who were classified as low 10Y risk, 23% had high 30Y predicted risk. Distributions differed significantly by sex, race, age, and BMI (P<0.01, Figure ). Black males more frequently were classified as high 10Y or 30Y risk compared to other race-sex groups. Older individuals and those with BMI ≥30 kg/m 2 had a higher frequency of low 10Y but high 30Y risk. Conclusions: More than one-fourth of middle-aged U.S. adults have elevated short- or long-term predicted risk for HF. While the majority of middle-aged US adults are at low 10Y risk for HF, a large proportion among this subgroup are at high 30Y HF risk. Application of both short- and long-term HF risk prediction may mitigate the growing morbidity and mortality related to HF and identify strategies to target those at-risk earlier in the life course.

scholarly journals γ-Oryzanol Improves Cognitive Function and Modulates Hippocampal Proteome in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiramon Rungratanawanich ◽  
Giovanna Cenini ◽  
Andrea Mastinu ◽  
Marc Sylvester ◽  
Anne Wilkening ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Quantitative Changes

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the richest source of γ-oryzanol, a compound endowed with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. γ-Oryzanol has been demonstrated to cross the blood-brain barrier in intact form and exert beneficial effects on brain function. This study aimed to clarify the effects of γ-oryzanol in the hippocampus in terms of cognitive function and protein expression. Adult mice were administered with γ-oryzanol 100 mg/kg or vehicle (control) once a day for 21 consecutive days following which cognitive behavior and hippocampal proteome were investigated. Cognitive tests using novel object recognition and Y-maze showed that long-term consumption of γ-oryzanol improves cognitive function in mice. To investigate the hippocampal proteome modulated by γ-oryzanol, 2D-difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) was performed. Interestingly, we found that γ-oryzanol modulates quantitative changes of proteins involved in synaptic plasticity and neuronal trafficking, neuroprotection and antioxidant activity, and mitochondria and energy metabolism. These findings suggested γ-oryzanol as a natural compound able to maintain and reinforce brain function. Although more intensive studies are needed, we propose γ-oryzanol as a putative dietary phytochemical for preserving brain reserve, the ability to tolerate age-related changes, thereby preventing clinical symptoms or signs of neurodegenerative diseases.

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