scholarly journals Transient transcriptional events in human skeletal muscle at the outset of concentric resistance exercise training

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Murton ◽  
R. Billeter ◽  
F. B. Stephens ◽  
S. G. Des Etages ◽  
F. Graber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Transcriptional Response ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Αb Crystallin

We sought to ascertain the time course of transcriptional events that occur in human skeletal muscle at the outset of resistance exercise (RE) training in RE naive individuals and determine whether the magnitude of response was associated with exercise-induced muscle damage. Sixteen RE naive men were recruited; eight underwent two sessions of 5 × 30 maximum isokinetic knee extensions (180°/s) separated by 48 h. Muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis, obtained from different sites, were taken at baseline and 24 h after each exercise bout. Eight individuals acted as nonexercise controls with biopsies obtained at the same time intervals. Transcriptional changes were assessed by microarray and protein levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 27 and αB-crystallin in muscle cross sections by immunohistochemistry as a proxy measure of muscle damage. In control subjects, no probe sets were significantly altered (false discovery rate < 0.05), and HSP27 and αB-crystallin protein remained unchanged throughout the study. In exercised subjects, significant intersubject variability following the initial RE bout was observed in the muscle transcriptome, with greatest changes occurring in subjects with elevated HSP27 and αB-crystallin protein. Following the second bout, the transcriptome response was more consistent, revealing a cohort of probe sets associated with immune activation, the suppression of oxidative metabolism, and ubiquitination, as differentially regulated. The results reveal that the initial transcriptional response to RE is variable in RE naive volunteers, potentially associated with muscle damage and unlikely to reflect longer term adaptations to RE training. These results highlight the importance of considering multiple time points when determining the transcriptional response to RE and associated physiological adaptation.

Influence of muscle glycogen availability on ERK1/2 and Akt signaling after resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 950-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Creer ◽  
Philip Gallagher ◽  
Dustin Slivka ◽  
Bozena Jemiolo ◽  
William Fink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Akt Signaling ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Content ◽  
Ribosomal S6 Kinase

Two pathways that have been implicated for cellular growth and development in response to muscle contraction are the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2) and Akt signaling pathways. Although these pathways are readily stimulated after exercise, little is known about how nutritional status may affect stimulation of these pathways in response to resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. To investigate this, experienced cyclists performed 30 repetitions of knee extension exercise at 70% of one repetition maximum after a low (2%) or high (77%) carbohydrate (LCHO or HCHO) diet, which resulted in low or high (∼174 or ∼591 mmol/kg dry wt) preexercise muscle glycogen content. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis before, ∼20 s after, and 10 min after exercise. ERK1/2 and p90 ribosomal S6 kinase phosphorylation increased ( P ≤ 0.05) 10 min after exercise, regardless of muscle glycogen availability. Akt phosphorylation was elevated ( P < 0.05) 10 min after exercise in the HCHO trial but was unaffected after exercise in the LCHO trial. Mammalian target of rapamycin phosphorylation was similar to that of Akt during each trial; however, change or lack of change was not significant. In conclusion, the ERK1/2 pathway appears to be unaffected by muscle glycogen content. However, muscle glycogen availability appears to contribute to regulation of the Akt pathway, which may influence cellular growth and adaptation in response to resistance exercise in a low-glycogen state.

scholarly journals TWEAK-Fn14 pathway activation after exercise in human skeletal muscle: insights from two exercise modes and a time course investigation

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 569-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrika Raue ◽  
Bozena Jemiolo ◽  
Yifan Yang ◽  
Scott Trappe
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Cell Surface Receptor ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Exercise Mode ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Surface Receptor

The cell surface receptor Fn14/TWEAKR was recently reported by our laboratory to be a prominent marker in the resistance exercise (RE) induced Transcriptome. The purpose of the present study was to extend our Transcriptome findings and investigate the gene and protein expression time course of markers in the TWEAK-Fn14 pathway following RE or run exercise (RUN). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from 6 RE subjects [25 ± 4 yr, 1-repetition maximum (RM): 99 ± 27 kg] pre- and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h post RE (3 × 10 at 70% 1-RM). Lateral gastrocnemius biopsies were obtained from 6 RUN subjects [25 ± 4 yr, maximum oxygen uptake (V̇o2max): 63 ± 8 ml·kg−1·min−1] pre- and 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h after a 30-min RUN (75% V̇o2max). After RE, Fn14 gene and protein expression were induced ( P < 0.05) and peaked at 8 and 12 h, respectively. Downstream markers analyzed showed evidence of TWEAK-Fn14 signaling through the alternative NF-κB pathway after RE. After RUN, Fn14 gene expression was induced ( P < 0.05) to a much lesser extent and peaked at 24 h. Fn14 protein expression was only measurable on a sporadic basis, and there was weak evidence of alternative NF-κB pathway signaling after RUN. TWEAK gene and protein expression were not influenced by either exercise mode. These are the first human data to show a transient activation of the TWEAK-Fn14 axis in the recovery from exercise, and our data suggest the level of activation is exercise mode dependent. Furthermore, our collective data support a myogenic role for TWEAK-Fn14 through the alternative NF-κB pathway in human skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Prior acetaminophen consumption impacts the early adaptive cellular response of human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 1012-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. D’Lugos ◽  
Shivam H. Patel ◽  
Jordan C. Ormsby ◽  
Donald P. Curtis ◽  
Christopher S. Fry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Muscle Adaptation ◽  
Cox Inhibitor

Resistance exercise (RE) is a powerful stimulus for skeletal muscle adaptation. Previous data demonstrate that cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibiting drugs alter the cellular mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prior consumption of the COX inhibitor acetaminophen (APAP) alters the immediate adaptive cellular response in human skeletal muscle after RE. In a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design, healthy young men ( n = 8, 25 ± 1 yr) performed two trials of unilateral knee extension RE (8 sets, 10 reps, 65% max strength). Subjects ingested either APAP (1,000 mg/6 h) or placebo (PLA) for 24 h before RE (final dose consumed immediately after RE). Muscle biopsies (vastus lateralis) were collected at rest and 1 h and 3 h after exercise. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 signaling was assessed through immunoblot and immunohistochemistry, and mRNA expression of myogenic genes was examined via RT-qPCR. At 1 h p-rpS6Ser240/244 was increased in both groups but to a greater extent in PLA. At 3 h p-S6K1Thr389 was elevated only in PLA. Furthermore, localization of mTOR to the lysosome (LAMP2) in myosin heavy chain (MHC) II fibers increased 3 h after exercise only in PLA. mTOR-LAMP2 colocalization in MHC I fibers was greater in PLA vs. APAP 1 h after exercise. Myostatin mRNA expression was reduced 1 h after exercise only in PLA. MYF6 mRNA expression was increased 1 h and 3 h after exercise only in APAP. APAP consumption appears to alter the early adaptive cellular response of skeletal muscle to RE. These findings further highlight the mechanisms through which COX-inhibiting drugs impact the adaptive response of skeletal muscle to exercise. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The extent to which the cellular reaction to acetaminophen impacts the mechanisms regulating the adaptive response of human skeletal muscle to resistance exercise is not well understood. Consumption of acetaminophen before resistance exercise appears to suppress the early response of mTORC1 activity to acute resistance exercise. These data also demonstrate, for the first time, that resistance exercise elicits fiber type-specific changes in the intracellular colocalization of mTOR with the lysosome in human skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Time course of molecular responses of human skeletal muscle to acute bouts of resistance exercise

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Bickel ◽  
J. Slade ◽  
E. Mahoney ◽  
F. Haddad ◽  
G. A. Dudley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Responses

Time course and differential responses of the major heat shock protein families in human skeletal muscle following acute nondamaging treadmill exercise

2006 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Morton ◽  
Don P. M. MacLaren ◽  
Nigel T. Cable ◽  
Thomas Bongers ◽  
Richard D. Griffiths ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Running Exercise ◽  
Αb Crystallin ◽  
Exercise Induced

The exercise-induced expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in rodent models is relatively well defined. In contrast, comparable data from human studies are limited and the exercise-induced stress response of human skeletal muscle is far from understood. This study has characterized the time course and magnitude of the HSP response in the skeletal muscles of a healthy active, but untrained, young male population following a running exercise protocol. Eight subjects performed 45 min of treadmill running at a speed corresponding to their lactate threshold (11.7 ± 0.5 km/h; 69.8 ± 4.8% maximum O2 uptake). Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle immediately before and at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 7 days postexercise. Exercise induced a significant ( P < 0.05) but variable increase in HSP70, heat shock cognate (HSC) 70, and HSP60 expression with peak increases (typically occurring at 48 h postexercise) to 210, 170, and 139% of preexercise levels, respectively. In contrast, exercise did not induce a significant increase in either HSP27, αB-crystallin, SOD 2 (MnSOD) protein content, or the activity of SOD and catalase. When examining baseline protein levels, HSC70, HSP27, and αB-crystallin appeared consistently expressed between subjects, whereas HSP70 and MnSOD displayed marked individual variation of up to 3- and 1.5-fold, respectively. These data are the first to define the time course and extent of HSP production in human skeletal muscle following a moderately demanding and nondamaging running exercise protocol. Data demonstrate a differential effect of aerobic exercise on specific HSPs.

scholarly journals Effects of Acute and Chronic Resistance Exercise on the Skeletal Muscle Metabolome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Gehlert ◽  
Patrick Weinisch ◽  
Werner Römisch-Margl ◽  
Richard T. Jaspers ◽  
Anna Artati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Type I

Abstract Resistance training promotes metabolic health and stimulates muscle hypertrophy, but the precise routes by which resistance exercise (RE) conveys these health benefits is largely unknown. Aim: To investigate how acute RE affects human skeletal muscle metabolism. Methods: We collected vastus lateralis biopsies from six healthy male untrained volunteers at rest, before the first of 13 RE training sessions, and 45 min after the first and last bouts of RE. Biopsies were analysed using untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics. Results: We measured 617 metabolites covering a broad range of metabolic pathways. In the untrained state RE altered 33 metabolites, including increased 3-methylhistidine and 1-carboxylethylvaline, suggesting increased protein breakdown, as well as metabolites linked to ATP (xanthosine) and NAD (N1-methyl-2-pyridone-5-carboxamide) metabolism; the bile acid chenodeoxycholate also increased in response to RE in muscle opposing previous findings in blood. Resistance training led to muscle hypertrophy, with slow type I and fast/intermediate type II muscle fibre diameter increasing by 10.7% and 10.4%, respectively. Comparison of post-exercise metabolite levels between trained and untrained state revealed alterations of 46 metabolites, including decreased N-acetylated ketogenic amino acids and increased beta-citrylglutamate which might support growth. Only five of the metabolites that changed after acute exercise in the untrained state were altered after chronic training, indicating that training induces multiple metabolic changes not directly related to the acute exercise response. Conclusion: The human skeletal muscle metabolome is sensitive towards acute RE in the trained and untrained states and reflects a broad range of adaptive processes in response to repeated stimulation.

scholarly journals Metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle after 84 days of bed rest with and without concurrent flywheel resistance exercise

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M. Irimia ◽  
Mario Guerrero ◽  
Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez ◽  
Joan A. Cadefau ◽  
Per A. Tesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Glycogen Synthase ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Bed Rest ◽  
Metabolic Adaptations

As metabolic changes in human skeletal muscle after long-term (simulated) spaceflight are not well understood, this study examined the effects of long-term microgravity, with and without concurrent resistance exercise, on skeletal muscle oxidative and glycolytic capacity. Twenty-one men were subjected to 84 days head-down tilt bed rest with (BRE; n = 9) or without (BR; n = 12) concurrent flywheel resistance exercise. Activity and gene expression of glycogen synthase, glycogen phosphorylase (GPh), hexokinase, phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK-1), and citrate synthase (CS), as well as gene expression of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEFG), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1α), and myostatin, were analyzed in samples from m. vastus lateralis collected before and after bed rest. Activity and gene expression of enzymes controlling oxidative metabolism (CS, SDH) decreased in BR but were partially maintained in BRE. Activity of enzymes regulating anaerobic glycolysis (GPh, PFK-1) was unchanged in BR. Resistance exercise increased the activity of GPh. PGC-1α and VEGF expression decreased in both BR and BRE. Myostatin increased in BR but decreased in BRE after bed rest. The analyses of these unique samples indicate that long-term microgravity induces marked alterations in the oxidative, but not the glycolytic, energy system. The proposed flywheel resistance exercise was effective in counteracting some of the metabolic alterations triggered by 84-day bed rest. Given the disparity between gene expression vs. enzyme activity in several key metabolic markers, posttranscriptional mechanisms should be explored to fully evaluate metabolic adaptations to long-term microgravity with/without exercise countermeasures in human skeletal muscle.

Time course of responses of human skeletal muscle to oxidative stress induced by nondamaging exercise

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1031-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Khassaf ◽  
Robert B. Child ◽  
Anne McArdle ◽  
David A. Brodie ◽  
Cristian Esanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Shock Proteins

Previous studies in animals have demonstrated that a single period of aerobic exercise induces a rise in the skeletal muscle activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase and an increase in the muscle content of heat shock proteins (HSPs). The purpose of this study was to examine the time course of response of human skeletal muscle superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and the content of HSP60 and HSP70 after a period of exhaustive, nondamaging aerobic exercise. Seven volunteers undertook one-legged cycle ergometry at 70% maximal oxygen uptake for 45 min. Biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle 7 days before and at 1, 2, 3, and 6 days after exercise. Muscle superoxide dismutase activity increased to a peak at 3 days postexercise, muscle catalase activities were unchanged, and muscle content of HSP60 and the inducible HSP70 increased by variable amounts to reach means of 190% and 3,100% of preexercise values, respectively, by 6 days postexercise. These data indicate that human skeletal muscle responds to a single bout of nondamaging exercise by increasing superoxide dismutase activity and provide the first evidence of an increase in HSP content of human skeletal muscle after a submaximal exercise bout.

The influence of acute resistance exercise on cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 activity and protein levels in human skeletal muscle

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (1) ◽  
pp. R24-R30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad C. Carroll ◽  
Devin T. O'Connor ◽  
Robert Steinmeyer ◽  
Jonathon D. Del Mundo ◽  
David R. McMullan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 1 ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 1

This study evaluated the activity and content of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 in response to acute resistance exercise (RE) in human skeletal muscle. Previous work suggests that COX-1, but not COX-2, is the primary COX isoform elevated with resistance exercise in human skeletal muscle. COX activity, however, has not been assessed after resistance exercise in humans. It was hypothesized that RE would increase COX-1 but not COX-2 activity. Muscle biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis of nine young men (25 ± 1 yr) at baseline (preexercise), 4, and 24 h after a single bout of knee extensor RE (three sets of 10 repetitions at 70% of maximum). Tissue lysate was assayed for COX-1 and COX-2 activity. COX-1 and COX-2 protein levels were measured via Western blot analysis. COX-1 activity increased at 4 h ( P < 0.05) compared with preexercise, but returned to baseline at 24 h (PRE: 60 ± 10, 4 h: 106 ± 22, 24 h: 72 ± 8 nmol PGH2·g total protein−1·min−1). COX-2 activity was elevated at 4 and 24 h after RE ( P < 0.05, PRE: 51 ± 7, 4 h: 100 ± 19, 24 h: 98 ± 14 nmol PGH2·g total protein−1·min−1). The protein level of COX-1 was not altered ( P > 0.05) with acute RE. In contrast, COX-2 protein levels were nearly 3-fold greater ( P > 0.05) at 4 h and 5-fold greater ( P = 0.06) at 24 h, compared with preexercise. In conclusion, COX-1 activity increases transiently with exercise independent of COX-1 protein levels. In contrast, both COX-2 activity and protein levels were elevated with exercise, and this elevation persisted to at least 24 h after RE.

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