scholarly journals Differential Influence of Frequency, Timing, and Intensity Cues in a Complex Acoustic Categorization Task

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 1426-1437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine I. Nagel ◽  
Helen M. McLendon ◽  
Allison J. Doupe
Keyword(s):  
Pattern Recognition ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Neural Responses ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Auditory Neurons ◽  
Categorization Task ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acoustic Pattern ◽  
The Relationship

Songbirds, which, like humans, learn complex vocalizations, provide an excellent model for the study of acoustic pattern recognition. Here we examined the role of three basic acoustic parameters in an ethologically relevant categorization task. Female zebra finches were first trained to classify songs as belonging to one of two males and then asked whether they could generalize this knowledge to songs systematically altered with respect to frequency, timing, or intensity. Birds' performance on song categorization fell off rapidly when songs were altered in frequency or intensity, but they generalized well to songs that were changed in duration by >25%. Birds were not deaf to timing changes, however; they detected these tempo alterations when asked to discriminate between the same song played back at two different speeds. In addition, when birds were retrained with songs at many intensities, they could correctly categorize songs over a wide range of volumes. Thus although they can detect all these cues, birds attend less to tempo than to frequency or intensity cues during song categorization. These results are unexpected for several reasons: zebra finches normally encounter a wide range of song volumes but most failed to generalize across volumes in this task; males produce only slight variations in tempo, but females generalized widely over changes in song duration; and all three acoustic parameters are critical for auditory neurons. Thus behavioral data place surprising constraints on the relationship between previous experience, behavioral task, neural responses, and perception. We discuss implications for models of auditory pattern recognition.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Internet i nastava književnosti: digitalni modernizam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Stanić ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Change Communication ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Continuous Work ◽  
Teacher's Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship

The wide range of questions that this topic raises lead us to think about the training of teachers, their continuous work and improvement. Following this paragraph, we conclude that a textbook/manual, which would deal with the relationship between the Internet and teaching, or the continuous organization of seminars and trainings, is a necessity for literature teachers. In addition to the teacher's knowledge of the coexistence of literature and new media, it is necessary to pay special attention to the critical attitude of students towards Internet content and to point out the purposeful use of newspapers in the teaching process. The role of teachers in modern timesis not favorable because things related to their profession are rapidly developing: new genres appear, tendencies in study and creation change, communication media are continuously changing, and on the other hand teaching it self must undergo changes and transformations. Nevertheless, proven methodological principles always exist, at least as the essence of teaching, regardless of which teaching aids were used and in what way in class. The Internet content and the opportunities it provides have proven to be stimulating and close to the students, so the teacher can use them, with the awareness that the teaching aid must not overshadow the content that is being processed.

Too tempting to resist? Self-control moderates the relationship between narcissism and antisocial tendencies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Fatfouta ◽  
Radosław Rogoza ◽  
Piotr Paweł Brud ◽  
Katrin Rentzsch
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Behavioral Indicators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interpersonal Transgression ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Antisocial Tendencies ◽  
Moderating Role

Previous research highlights that narcissism predicts a wide range of antisocial tendencies. We propose that the expression of such tendencies is contingent on the level of dispositional self-control. Three independent studies (Ntotal = 1,458) using three different narcissism measures and self-reported as well as behavioral indicators of antisocial tendencies tested this moderation hypothesis. In Study 1, antagonistic narcissism was positively related to self-reported revenge following an interpersonal transgression and this relationship was weakened among individuals high (vs. low) in self-control. Studies 2 and 3 conceptually replicated this finding using different narcissism measures, respectively, and trait (Study 2) as well as behaviorally assessed aggression (Study 3) as outcome variables. Results support the moderating role of self-control in the antagonistic narcissism-antisociality link.

7. Challenging EU action or inaction

2019 ◽  
pp. 312-355
Author(s):  
Elspeth Berry ◽  
Matthew J. Homewood ◽  
Barbara Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Locus Standi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Explanatory Text ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Materials ◽  
The Eu

Titles in the Complete series combine extracts from a wide range of primary materials with clear explanatory text to provide readers with a complete introductory resource. This chapter discusses the role of the Court of Justice in ensuring that the rule of law in the EU is observed both by Member States and EU Institutions. The chapter examines infringement actions under Article 258 TFEU, and financial penalties for Member States under Article 260 TFEU. The discussion of judicial review considers acts that may be challenged; who can bring an action under Article 263 TFEU; permissible applicants under Article 263 TFEU; non-privileged applicants; reforming the criteria for locus standi for non-privileged applicants. The chapter also explains the grounds for annulment; the effect of annulment; the plea of illegality; failure to act; and the relationship between Article 263 TFEU and Article 265 TFEU.

Poor Little Rich Kids? The Role of Nature versus Nurture in Wealth and Other Economic Outcomes and Behaviours

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 1683-1725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra E Black ◽  
Paul J Devereux ◽  
Petter Lundborg ◽  
Kaveh Majlesi
Keyword(s):  
Adoptive Parents ◽  
Nature Versus Nurture ◽  
Biological Parents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Birth Factors ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
Parental Wealth ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Wealth is highly correlated between parents and their children; however, little is known about the extent to which these relationships are genetic or determined by environmental factors. We use administrative data on the net wealth of a large sample of Swedish adoptees merged with similar information for their biological and adoptive parents. Comparing the relationship between the wealth of adopted and biological parents and that of the adopted child, we find that, even prior to any inheritance, there is a substantial role for environment and a much smaller role for pre-birth factors and we find little evidence that nature/nurture interactions are important. When bequests are taken into account, the role of adoptive parental wealth becomes much stronger. Our findings suggest that wealth transmission is not primarily because children from wealthier families are inherently more talented or more able but that, even in relatively egalitarian Sweden, wealth begets wealth. We further build on the existing literature by providing a more comprehensive view of the role of nature and nurture on intergenerational mobility, looking at a wide range of different outcomes using a common sample and method. We find that environmental influences are relatively more important for wealth-related variables such as savings and investment decisions than for human capital. We conclude by studying consumption as an overall measure of welfare and find that, like wealth, it is more determined by environment than by biology.

‘One bourbon, one scotch, one beer’: alcohol sponsorship at Glasgow Jazz Festival, 1987–2001

Popular Music ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244
Author(s):  
Alison C. Eales
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Music Festival ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between music and sponsorship by drinks companies. Glasgow Jazz Festival has taken place annually since 1987 and is the city's longest running music festival. In its early years, the Festival enjoyed both cash and in-kind sponsorship from a wide range of organisations, including breweries and distilleries along with companies specialising in non-alcoholic drinks. In 2015 sponsorship was more difficult to secure, with cash sponsorship proving to be particularly elusive. The article focuses on cash sponsorship from drinks companies from 1987 to 2001, arguing that the decline in this form of sponsorship is a result of a shifting commercial and cultural landscape. Changes in Glasgow's festival calendar have resulted in a crowded marketplace which not only makes it harder for arts organisations to secure funds, but also makes relationships with sponsors more challenging to manage. Meanwhile, legislative and social changes have meant that the role of alcohol in the city's cultural life has been subject to adjustment throughout the Festival's history.

scholarly journals Early life manipulations of vasopressin-family peptides alter vocal learning

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1859) ◽  
pp. 20171114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Baran ◽  
Samantha C. Peck ◽  
Tabitha H. Kim ◽  
Michael H. Goldstein ◽  
Elizabeth Adkins-Regan
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Learning ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Social Motivation ◽  
Arginine Vasotocin ◽  
Zebra Finches ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Typical Behaviour ◽  
Interactive Feedback

Vocal learning from social partners is crucial for the successful development of communication in a wide range of species. Social interactions organize attention and enhance motivation to learn species-typical behaviour. However, the neurobiological mechanisms connecting social motivation and vocal learning are unknown. Using zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ), a ubiquitous model for vocal learning, we show that manipulations of nonapeptide hormones in the vasopressin family (arginine vasotocin, AVT) early in development can promote or disrupt both song and social motivation. Young male zebra finches, like human infants, are socially gregarious and require interactive feedback from adult tutors to learn mature vocal forms. To investigate the role of social motivational mechanisms in song learning, in two studies, we injected hatchling males with AVT or Manning compound (MC, a nonapeptide receptor antagonist) on days 2–8 post-hatching and recorded song at maturity. In both studies, MC males produced a worse match to tutor song than controls. In study 2, which experimentally controlled for tutor and genetic factors, AVT males also learned song significantly better compared with controls. Furthermore, song similarity correlated with several measures of social motivation throughout development. These findings provide the first evidence that nonapeptides are critical to the development of vocal learning.

scholarly journals International Conference “Synthesis in Contemporary Musical Culture” (Rostov-on-Don, April 11–15, 2019)

2019 ◽  
pp. 192-196
Author(s):  
Вера Дёмина ◽  
Vera Demina ◽  
Александра Крылова ◽  
Aleksandra Krylova
Keyword(s):  
Musical Culture ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolution Of Music ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The conference members debated on a wide range of issues to analyse the synthesis of arts in the modern sociocultural space. The reports addressed the transformation of classical forms and genres impacted by synthesis, the emergence of new synthetic patterns that determine the evolution of music. The event summarized the global experience demonstrating the intensification of creative search and experimenting with any forms of artistic synthesis, and the role of technical means and IT technologies in this process. In the context of cross-sectoral debates, the interaction of the elite and mass, the psychology of perception, the relationship of music with the socio-cultural trends of modernity were reviewed. The result of the team discussion was the analysis and outlook for ways aimed to preserve and enhance the intellectual values of academic music.

scholarly journals КЛЮЧОВІ КОМПЕТЕНЦІЇ ВИКЛАДАЧА-ТЬЮТОРА В УМОВАХ ЗМІШАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ

2021 ◽  
pp. 254-256
Author(s):  
Я. О. Опанасенко
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Interactive Whiteboards ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Virtual Classrooms ◽  
Educational Tools ◽  
Internet Technologies ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Relationship

Radical transformations of the modern educational space, which arose as a result of the active introduction of innovative information technologies in the educational process, have radically changed the nature of the relationship between teacher and student. educational tools, Internet technologies have increased the importance of the distance component of blended learning. A wide range of multimedia tools (virtual classrooms and laboratories, interactive whiteboards and augmented reality tools) and their high efficiency call into question the relevance of the classic role of the teacher in the learning process.

Deviant Pornography Use

2019 ◽  
pp. 210-235
Author(s):  
Kathryn C. Seigfried-Spellar
Keyword(s):  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Child Pornography ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Internet Pornography ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sexually Explicit ◽  
Pornography Use ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The impact of both intentional and unintentional exposure to internet pornography on adolescents has been debated in the literature for decades. However, the differences in the operational definitions of pornography and exposure, not to mention the differences in methodology and sampling, make it difficult to synthesize findings and identify patterns across studies. In addition, the majority of the research has employed a rather broad measure of “exposure to general pornography” by adolescents in order to understand the impact of early exposure to pornography; however, internet pornography includes a wide range of sexually explicit materials, not just adult pornography. Thus, the goal of this chapter is to explore the relationship between nondeviant pornography use and deviant pornography use (e.g., child pornography) by discussing the Seigfried-Spellar study which examined the role of individual differences and age of onset in deviant pornography use.

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