scholarly journals Socioeconomic Status and Childhood Atopy

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitaw Demissie ◽  
Pierre Ernst ◽  
Margaret R Becklake
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Class ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

BACKGROUND:Variation in the prevalence of allergic disorders among socioeconomic groups could be due either to differences in the type of allergens encountered or to actual differences in susceptibility to sensitization to any particular antigen.OBJECTIVE:To examine the relationship of skin test positivity to inhaled aeroallergens and socioeconomic status (SES).METHODS:A total of 989 Montreal elementary school children were studied. A short questionnaire was completed by parents, and the children performed spirometry before and after a free-running exercise challenge. A subsample of 309 children underwent allergy skin prick tests to common inhaled aeroallergens. SES was established using parental occupation.RESULTS:Higher social class was associated with an increased likelihood of having positive skin tests to cat and trees, while there was a trend towards an inverse relationship between SES and skin test sensitivity to cockroach and moulds. Reported history of asthma, hay fever or eczema were unrelated to SES.CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study suggest differences in levels of exposure to different allergens by social class. From the public health point of view, community-based allergen avoidance measures need to be adapted to social class.

Penicillin Hypersensitivity

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-158
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Positive Skin Test ◽  
Penicillin Allergy ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Positive History ◽  
History Of

A (massive) multicenter study of 3,000 patients has demonstrated that skin tests to penicillin G and penicilloyl-polylysine (PPL-now commercially available) predict and confirm penicillin allergy. Of patients with a history of penicillin reaction, 19% were positive to either, compared to 7% of controls. A history of anaphylaxis led to 46% positive. Of those with a history of urticaria 17% were positive, and those with maculopapular eruptions did not differ from controls (7% positive). Challenge with penicillin led to a reaction in 6% with a positive history (compared to 2% with a negative) and 67% with a combined positive history and positive skin test (to either).

scholarly journals Active tuberculosis among Iraqi schoolchildren with positive skin tests and their household contacts

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 675-688
Author(s):  
W. Al Kubaisy ◽  
A. Al Dulayme ◽  
H. D. Selman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Past History ◽  
Latent Tuberculosis ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Household Contacts ◽  
History Of

In a prospective cohort study in Iraq, schoolchildren with a positive tuberculin skin test during the nationwide survey in 2000 were followed up in 2002 to determine prevalence of latent tuberculosis [TB] infection and risk factors among household contacts. Of 205 children, 191 remained skin-test positive in 2002. Based on X-ray and clinical examination, 9 children [4.4%] were active TB cases. Among 834 household contacts, there were 144 new TB cases, giving a cumulative incidence of 17.3%. Risk factors for TB among household contacts were: age > / = 15 years; technical/professional job; smoking; low body mass index; diabetes mellitus; steroid therapy; and closeness of contact with the index cases. Based on past history of TB in index children and their contacts, 77.2% of new TB cases were attributable to household contacts

Studies With Live Varicella Vaccine and Inactivated Skin Test Antigen: Protective Effect of the Vaccine and Clinical Application of the Skin Test

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-555
Author(s):  
Koichi Baba ◽  
Hyakuji Yabuuchi ◽  
Hidekazu Okuni ◽  
Michiaki Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skin Reaction ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Index Case ◽  
Varicella Vaccine ◽  
Index Patient ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Reaction Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Viral Dose

In December 1975, a patient with varicella was admitted to a ward for children less than 2 years of age. Among 76 children without a history of varicella, 33 children more than 1 year of age were immediately vaccinated with a small viral dose of 80 plaque-forming units per person. Forty-three children less than 1 year of age were left unvaccinated. Among the vaccinated children, only eight exhibited mild varicella, while typical varicella developed in all 43 unvaccinated children during the next ten weeks. In July 1976, another patient with varicella was admitted to a ward with 49 children 3 to 5 years old. The children were immediately given the skin reaction test with mactivated varicella antigen. Seventeen of the 20 children with negative reactions were vaccinated, while the index patient and two children with fever were not vaccinated. Only one of the 17 vaccinated children showed mild varicella symptoms within two weeks after vaccination, while typical varicella developed in two unvaccinated children during the four weeks after appearance of the index case. Varicella developed in none of the 29 children who had positive skin tests. In the sequential skin test of seven vaccinated children, a positive skin reaction was observed as early as five days after vaccination, which preceded the appearance of neutralization antibody by seven to nine days.

SKIN REACTIONS TO TOXOPLASMIC ANTIGEN IN PEOPLE OF DIFFERENT AGES WITHOUT KNOWN HISTORY OF INFECTION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-804
Author(s):  
HARRY A. FELDMAN ◽  
ALBERT B. SABIN
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Skin Reactions ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Commercial Preparation ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Intracutaneous Injection

One hundred forty-two residents of the Cincinnati area ranging in age from 3 months to 81 years were surveyed for their reaction to the intracutaneous injection of toxoplasmic antigen prepared from infected chorioallantoic membranes of chicken eggs. The skin test antigen is also present in abundance in mouse peritoneal exudate freed of Toxoplasma by centrifugation and its concentration appears to be proportional to that of the complement-fixing antigen. The positive reactions, consisting of red, indurated, swollen, tender and itching lesions ranging in size, from 60 x 50 mm. to 10 x 10 mm. (the latter being relatively rare), reach their maximum in 30 to 48 hours. The incidence of positive reactions among at least 20 individuals in each age group listed was as follows: 0 to 4 years—0; 5 to 9 years—5%; 10 to 19 years—14%; 20 to 29 years—20%; 30 to 39 years—50%; 40 to 49 years—65%; 50 to 81 years—65%. A positive skin test was invariably associated with demonstrable toxoplasmic antibody in the serum. Toxoplasmic antibody in varying titer was also found in the serum of 7 of 18 persons (39%) with negative skin tests. Further evidence in favor of the high incidence of toxoplasmic antibody among the "normal" adult population was obtained when a 15 to 20 fold concentrated, commercial preparation of gamma globulin prepared from the plasma of more than 20,000 American adults was found to contain toxoplasmic antibody in a titer of 1:256 as determined by the dye test. Since no agent having an antigen in common with Toxoplasma and capable of giving rise to antibodies for this protozoon parasite has been found thus far, one must consider the possibility that inapparent infection with Toxoplasma may be widespread, although it is rather curious that the incidence of antibodies (and presumably infection) should rise so sharply after the 20th year of life. The toxoplasmic skin test is not useful for diagnosis because a strongly positive test bears no relationship to titer of antibody and a negative test is encountered too often in the presence of antibody.

Sequential degranulation of eosinophils induced by antigen or autocoids in allergic humans

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
Kate W. Sjoerdsma ◽  
W. James Metzger
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Positive Skin Test ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Human Eosinophil ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Allergic Asthmatic ◽  
History Of

Eosinophils are important to the pathogenesis of allergic asthma, and are increased in bronchoalveolar lavage within four hours after bronchoprovocation of allergic asthmatic patients, and remain significantly increased up to 24 hours later. While the components of human eosinophil granules have been recently isolated and purified, the mechanisms of degranulation have yet to be elucidated.We obtained blood from two volunteers who had a history of allergic rhinitis and asthma and a positive skin test (5x5mm wheal) to Alternaria and Ragweed. Eosinophils were obtained using a modification of the method described by Roberts and Gallin.

High Rate of Negative Results of Tuberculin and QuantiFERON Tests Among Individuals With a History of Positive Skin Test Results

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd N. Friedman ◽  
Esther R. Nash ◽  
June Bryant ◽  
Susan Henry ◽  
Julia Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Negative Group ◽  
Tuberculosis Screening ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Positive Results

Objectives.To evaluate individuals at high risk for tuberculosis exposure who had a history of a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) result in order to determine the prevalence of unsuspected negative TST results. To confirm these findings with the QuantiFERON-TB test (QFT), an in vitro whole-blood assay that measures tuberculin-induced secretion of interferon-γ.Methods.This survey was conducted from November 2001 through December 2003 at 3 sites where TST screening is regularly done. Detailed histories and reviews of medical records were performed. TSTs were placed and read by 2 experienced healthcare workers, and blood was drawn for QFT. Any subject with a negative result of an initial TST during the study (induration diameter, <10 mm) underwent a second TST and a second QFT. The TST-negative group comprised individuals for whom both TSTs had an induration diameter of <10 mm. The confirmed-negative group comprised individuals for whom both TSTs yielded no detectable induration and results of both QFTs were negative.Results.A total of 67 immunocompetent subjects with positive results of a previous TST were enrolled in the study. Of 56 subjects who completed the TST protocol, 25 (44.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 31.6%-57.6%) were TST negative (P<.001). Of 31 subjects who completed the TST protocol and the QFT protocol, 8 (25.8%; 95% CI, 10.4%-41.2%) were confirmed negative (P<.005).Conclusions.A significant proportion of subjects with positive results of a previous TST were TST negative in this study, and a subset of these were confirmed negative. These individuals' TST status may have reverted or may never have been positive. It will be important in future studies to determine whether such individuals lack immunity to tuberculosis and whether they should be considered for reentry into tuberculosis screening programs.

Meglumine antimoniate-induced DRESS: original case with a positive skin test

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 845-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Chaabane ◽  
Haifa Ben Romdhane ◽  
Hajer Ben Brahim ◽  
Nadia Ben Fredj ◽  
Zohra Chadli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Drug Withdrawal ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Meglumine Antimoniate ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Intradermal Tests ◽  
Original Case ◽  
Hepatic Cytolysis

Abstract We report a case of a 64-year-old woman treated with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®). On day 20, she developed fever, a pruriginous skin rash and myalgia. The blood tests showed eosinophilia and hepatic cytolysis. The clinico-biological picture improved gradually and the symptoms disappeared 4 weeks after the drug withdrawal. Six weeks later, intradermal tests to Glucantime® were performed and were positive at 48 hour-reading. This clinical picture suggests DRESS induced by meglumine antimoniate. To the best of our knowledge, only one case of meglumine antimoniate-induced DRESS has been reported in the literature and we are the first to report a case confirmed by skin tests.

scholarly journals The Perspective of Overcoming Nihilism in Heidegger’s Dialogue with Jünger

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tautvydas Vėželis
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dialectical Thinking ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metaphysical Tradition ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
European Civilization

This article examines the problem of overcoming nihilism in Heidegger’s dialogue with Jünger. It is suggested that nihilism is manifested in various forms and is the deep logic of the whole history of European civilization. One of the main aims of this paper is to outline the relationship of nihilism and Nothing in Heidegger’s dispute with Jünger, viewing how Heidegger distinguishes his approach from Jünger’s point of view. Heidegger, on the one hand, treats nihilism as consummation of the Western metaphysical tradition, on the other hand, identifies Nothing itself as the shadow of Being, which cannot be overcome in the traditional dialectical thinking manner.

THE CUTANEOUS REACTION TO EGGWHITE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009-1015
Author(s):  
Richard L. London ◽  
Jerome Glaser
Keyword(s):  
Skin Test ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Intradermal Test ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Etiologic Factor ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Clinical Sensitivity ◽  
Number Of Patients

A study of 400 allergic patients of all ages, who were skin tested with eggwhite, is reported. The authors agree with those who believe that a positive reaction in infants who have in no known way been exposed to eggwhite after birth is in all probability due to intrauterine sensitization. There is a possibility, however, that some reactions to eggwhite may be due to a primary histamine or serotonin releasing substance present in the eggwhite which has no relationship to antigen-antibody reaction. The circumstances under which this takes place are not known. In all age groups the family history was positive in about 65% of cases. It was surprising to find, in view of previous opinions, that in the youngest age group (infants up to 2 years of age), the skin test was positive in less than half the patients (42%) in the presence of clinical sensitivity. It was also unexpected to find that the number of patients clinically sensitive to eggwhite but giving negative skin tests increased as age advanced. This justifies the common practice of eliminating egg as a trial measure in the diet of the first age group, regardless of the results of skin testing, and suggests that this should be done in any age group where food is considered a possible etiologic factor. In the youngest age group somewhat more than one-third (34%) of the patients reacted positively to eggwhite but were not clinically sensitive. This finding was completely unexpected as it had been thought that in this age group a positive skin test to eggwhite was practically pathognomonic of clinical sensitivity. In this study more positive reactions in children to eggwhite were obtained (70.5%) than in a somewhat comparable series where the incidence was much less (20%). We attribute this to the fact that in our series both scratch and intradermal tests were made while in the other series only scratch tests were done. This reflects the greater sensitivity of the intradermal test. Only about half the patients of all ages who react to eggwhite are also clinically sensitive. Attention is drawn to a theory which explains why a positive cutaneous test to a food, as eggwhite, may be clinically significant in atopic dermatitis even though the test (wheal reaction) does not reproduce the type of dermatitis being studied. There was no definite evidence, because the number of cases studied is far too small, to indicate that the severity of asthma which may ultimately develop in infants not asthmatic at the time of skin testing is proportional to the strength of the initial reaction to eggwhite.

The Place of Tulsī dās in North Indian Devotional Tradition

1966 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Allchin
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
North India ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
The Past ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Great Body ◽  
Small Measure ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

To the outside observer the history of Hindu sectarianism often appears as a disorganized tangle, lacking clarity and precision. The whole process is made if anything more complex by the ill-defined relationship of sect and non-sect. As Renou remarks: Though no statistics are available, even for the present day, we have grounds for supposing that the most active sects were themselves only isolated groups within the great body of believers. From another point of view, however, the history is more understandable. A considerable part of sectarian activity during the past 1,500 years has been concerned with the spread and regional development of a single great devotional movement. Seen from this position, the uniformity and theological coherence of the sects, whether they be called Vaiṣṇavite, Śaivite, or by some other name, is remarkable and often overrides the no less real disparities of doctrine or detail at another level. Again, in this process regional variations have arisen in no small measure as a result of the popular character of the writings of particular saints. Thus, for example, Basava or Purandara Dāsa hold pride of place in the Karnāṭka, the one Vīra Śaiva, the other Vaiṣṇava; in Mahārāṣṇra devotion has in no small part been moulded by the thought of Jāân Dev or Tukā Rām; in the Pañjāb by Nānak; and in the Hindī region by Kabīr Dās, Tulsī Dās, and Sūr Dās. Throughout north India the influences which lay behind the movement were largely, but by no means exclusively, Vaiṣṇavite; yet other streams contributed, Śaivite, Buddhist, Tāntrika, Yogī, etc.

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