scholarly journals Inclusion compound of Fosinopril withβ-cyclodextrin

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Bratu ◽  
Irina Kacso ◽  
Gh. Borodi ◽  
Daniela E. Constantinescu ◽  
Felicia Dragan
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Compound ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Differential Scanning Calorimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Cyclodextrin Cavity ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

Solid state interactions of bioactive substance (4-cyclohexyl-1-[2-[(2-methyl-1-propanoyloxy-propoxy)-(4-phenylbutyl)phosphoryl]acetyl]-pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid, called Fosinopril), withβ-cyclodextrin (β-CD), the so-called inclusion compounds of a bioactive (cardiovascular) drug is obtained by different preparation methods: kneading, co-precipitation and freeze-drying. The so obtained compounds were investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction method, and differential scanning calorimetric measurements (DSC) to evidence their formation. X-ray diffraction patterns show that the inclusion compound was obtained for kneaded, co-precipitation and freeze-dried products. The crystalline/amorphous degree for these compounds was also investigated. Molecular modeling (MM+ molecular mechanics) shows the spatial architecture of the inclusion compound in good agreement with FTIR experimental data: the drug is included with the propanoyloxy-propoxy group insideβ-cyclodextrin cavity. These findings may constitute a direct contribution to the molecular encapsulation of Fosinopril intoβ-cyclodextrin, improving Fosinopril stability and bioavailability of the drug, also.

scholarly journals The Effect of Polyvinyl Alcohol Concentration on the Growth Kinetics of KTiOPO4 Nanoparticles Synthesized by the Co-precipitation Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 187-193
Author(s):  
Elaheh Gharibshahian
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Alcohol ◽  
Shape Control ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Capping Agent ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Size And Shape ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

KTiOPO4 nanoparticles are known as the best candidate to utilize for second-harmonic generation in multiphoton microscopes and bio labels. Size and shape are important and effective parameters to control the properties of nanoparticles. In this paper, we will investigate the role of capping agent concentration on the size and shape control of KTP nanoparticles. We synthesized KTP nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method. Polyvinyl alcohol with different mole ratios to titanium ion (1:3, 1:2, 1:1) was used as a capping agent. Products were examined by X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy analyses. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of the KTP structure. The biggest (56.36nm) and smallest (39.42nm) grain size were obtained by 1:3 and 1:1 mole ratios of capping agent, respectively. Dumbly, spherical and polyhedral forms of KTP nanoparticles were observed by the change in capping agent mole ratio. The narrowest size distribution of KTiOPO4 nanoparticles was obtained at 1:1 mole ratio of capping agent. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2020-01-04-06 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals X-ray diffraction method application to assess the energy losses on explosive-rock contact under various blasting

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 ◽  
pp. 00051
Author(s):  
Ihor Kratkovskyi ◽  
Ernest Yefremov ◽  
Kostyantyn Ishchenko ◽  
Sergo Khomeriki
Keyword(s):  
Rock Fracture ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Optical Systems ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wave Nature ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Granulometric Characteristics

The dissipative energy losses of the explosion on the explosive-rock contact are usually evaluated with comparative analysis of the particle size distribution of finely dispersed fractions (0-100 microns). The more tiny particles contained in the destruction products, the higher there is a level of energy loss during the explosion. Fine dust granulometric characteristics are determined by processing the mass measurements data of the individual smallest particles sizes when decoding microphotographs obtained by a microscope. However due to the chromatic aberrations due the wave nature of light and the optical systems imperfection, it is not possible to reliably estimate the mass and granulometric characteristics particles of micron size. X-ray diffraction method for studying ultrafine rock fracture products makes it possible to estimate the dissipative energy losses on explosive-rock contact based on the reflected X-ray beam total intensity in diffractograms. In order to establish the effectiveness of methods for reducing the level of dissipative energy losses of an explosion, X-ray diffraction patterns of finely dispersed fracture products of rock samples under various conditions of dynamic loading are analyzed (using different charge designs, attenuating the rocks by the action of a surfactant, and the force action of a different gradient stress field).

Unusual X-Ray Diffraction Vector Shift Observed in Heterogeneous Langmuir-Blodgett Multilayer Films

1992 ◽  
Vol 247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshio Nogami ◽  
Kazuyoshi Ogasawara ◽  
Shigeki Takeuchi ◽  
Takehiko Ishiguro ◽  
Kazumasa Ohsumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Vector ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
Oscillatory Structure ◽  
Langmuir Blodgett Films ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Vector Shift

ABSTRACTStacking of heterogeneous Langmuir-Blodgett films was studied by high resolution X-ray diffraction method using synchrotron radiation (SR) source. The diffraction patterns of the heterogeneous films formed with alternately deposited Cd salts of fatty acids with different length of alkyl chains exhibit anomalous oscillatory structure in diffraction vector.

X-ray diffraction analysis for thin films of PbTiO3-La2/3TiO3 prepared by the sol-gel method

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2133-2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Dip Coating ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Coating Methods ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
System 1

Thin films in the system (1 - x) PbTiO3−xLa2/3TiO3 were prepared by the sol-gel and dip-coating methods. Phases deposited in the films and the lattice parameters as a function of the composition were investigated by the x-ray diffraction method. The solid solutions with a perovskite structure were formed as a single phase with x up to 0.9. For the composition of x = 1.0, metastable La-Ti-O perovskite phase with a small amount of the impurity phase, La2Ti2O7, was obtained. Simulation of x-ray diffraction patterns based on the defect structure model shows that the structure of the La-Ti-O perovskite phase includes randomly distributed cation vacancies at the A-site, namely (La2/3□1/3)TiO3.

scholarly journals Band Gap Tailoring, Size Modulation and Photoluminescence Properties of Mn/Cu doped ZnS Nanostructures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Binu ◽  
S. Muthukumaran
Keyword(s):  
Energy Gap ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Photoluminescence Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cubic Structure ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Band Gap Tailoring

Abstract ZnS, Mn added ZnS (Zn0.97Mn0.03S) and Mn, Cu dual doped ZnS (Zn0.95Mn0.03Cu0.02S) QDs have been prepared using co-precipitation technique. The influence of Mn and Cu addition on the morphology, structure and photoluminescence properties of Mn/Cu incorporated ZnS have been examined. Cubic structure of the synthesized samples was confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns. The incorporation of Cu in Zn-Mn-S lattice not only decreased the particle/grain size and also generates more defect based luminescent activation centres. The reduced energy gap by Mn addition was explained by sp-d exchange interaction and the elevated energy gap in Cu, Mn dual doped ZnS was expalined by Burstein–Moss effect. The tuning phenomenon of size as well as the energy gap in ZnS by Mn/Cu addition promote these materials for nano-electronic applications. FTIR spectra confirmed the presence of Mn/Cr-Zn-S bondings. The substitution of Mn /Cu provides an effective control over tuning of different emission colours which signifies their applications like light emitting diodes.

The Mixed Magnetic Property of Co0.76Cu0.74[Fe(CN)6]·7.5H2O

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
Yanfang Xia ◽  
Min Liu ◽  
Duxin Li
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Effective Magnetic Moment ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Co0.76Cu0.74[Fe(CN)6]·7.5H2O was prepared as a powder by a chemical co-precipitation method. The powder X-ray diffraction patterns were indexed to the typical face-centred cubic structure with the lattice parameter a 10.55(2) Å. The temperature dependence of the χ−1 curve obeys the Curie–Weiss law (χ = C/(T – θ)) in the temperature range of 180–300 K. According to Curie–Weiss law, the calculated θ value is −54.82 K. In the paramagnetic state at 300 K, the effective magnetic moment (μeff = (8χT)1/2) is 3.58 μB per formula unit. The calculated theoretical effective magnetic moment is 4.06 μB. The magnetic field cooling measurements under a 200 Oe applied magnetic field show that the saturation magnetization value at 2 K of the complex Co0.76Cu0.74[Fe(CN)6]·7.5H2O is 1.528 emu g−1.

Decolorization of Methylene Blue by Photocatalyst in the Ag3PO4-AgI System

2014 ◽  
Vol 970 ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pongsaton Amornpitoksuk ◽  
Sumetha Suwanboon
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Mixed Phase ◽  
Photocatalytic Properties ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Methylene Blue Dye ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation

The co-effect of PO43- and I- on the formation of a heterosturucture photocatalyst in the Ag3PO4-AgI system was studied by the co-precipitation method between AgNO3 and the precipitating agent. The precipitating agent was prepared by varying the mole ratios between Na2HPO4 and KI. At 10 mol.% KI, the product showed the mixed phase between Ag3PO4 and un-identified phase. For 30 - 90 mol.% KI, the un-identified phase and AgI were detected in the x-ray diffraction patterns. The un-identified phase strongly adsorbed the methylene blue dye. The product prepared from 30 mol.% KI had the highest content of un-identified phase and also showed the highest degree of decolorization in the dark. The photocatalytic properties of products in this system were confirmed by the decolorization of methylene blue under visible illumination.

Further studies of low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of collagen

1959 ◽  
Vol 252 (1269) ◽  
pp. 197-216 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Density Distribution ◽  
Heavy Atom ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heavy Atoms ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diffraction Patterns

Experiments were carried out on the drying of collagen fibres in vacuo at temperatures up to 200°C. Low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of material so treated differed markedly from those of collagen dried in vacuo at room temperature, which invalidates the comparison of the latter with density distributions observed by electron microscopy. One-dimensional Patterson functions plotted for a wide range of protein hydration, together with some evidence from electron microscopy, provided helpful pointers to the density distribution in dry collagen, and strong evidence in support of a model for wet collagen consisting of a rectangular density distribution function, such that each period along the fibril has a band of higher density and an interband of lower density. The width of the band was found to be 0·46 of the period by making use of results obtained by ‘staining’ the fibres with heavy atoms. This model of the wet fibres, and the use of difference Patterson functions, made possible the elucidation of the effects of staining with silver nitrate, iodine, phosphotungstic acid, and osmium tetroxide. The major features of the distributions of these stains could be deter­mined with results consistent with the observations of electron microscopy, for those stains detectable by this means. The diffraction method was successful in detecting heavy-atom staining not visible in the electron microscope. Each of the stains considered gave somewhat similar staining patterns, a prominent feature of which was a pair of dense bands 0·8 d ( d being half the collagen period) apart, at the ends of the wet collagen band. Most of the iodine which entered these particular sites was very easily removed, but some of it was more firmly bound in these and other positions.

Influence of Temperature on the Order-Disorder Transition in Gd2Zr2O7

2016 ◽  
Vol 697 ◽  
pp. 386-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lin Shi ◽  
Zhi Xue Qu ◽  
Qun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fluorite Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Inconsistent Result ◽  
Disorder Transition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Co Precipitation ◽  
Increasing Temperature

Chemical co-precipitation method was used to prepare Gd2Zr2O7 powders. The powders were then heated in air at 1500°C, 1510°C, 1525°C, 1530°C, 1550°C, 1575°C, 1600°C for 5 h, and 1575°C, 1600°C for 10 h, respectively. The samples after heat treatment were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction patterns reveal that order-disorder transition of Gd2Zr2O7 occurs between 1550°C and 1575°C. Prior to the transition, the relative intensity of peaks corresponding to the super-lattice of pyrochlores increases with the increasing temperature. On the other hand, Raman spectra give an inconsistent result from the X-ray diffraction data. No appreciable difference can be observed for all the samples though with peaks broadening as temperature increases. The spectra of the samples indicated as fluorite structure in X-ray diffraction patterns appear with six resolvable peaks which is quite different from the spectrum of ideal fluorite structure.

scholarly journals Application of Copper doped Cadmium Sulphide Nanocrystallites for controlling Oral Pathogen activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1324-1327
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Shigella Flexneri ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Cadmium Sulphide ◽  
Antimicrobial Action ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oral Pathogens ◽  
Co Precipitation

In this study, we tend to incontestable the synthesis and antimicrobial action of Copper doped Cadmium Sulphide nanomaterials averse oral pathogens.Using Chemical Co-Precipitation method, Copper doped cadmium sulphide (Cu:CdS) nanomaterials are Synthesised. The sizes of the samples prepared are found by XRD (x-ray diffraction) method. SEM (scanning electron microscopy carried out to find the Morphological analysis. Materials present are confirmed by EDAX (energy dispersive analysis of x-ray spectroscopy) method. The outcomes showed that the proteins, which contain amine gatherings, played a diminishing and controlling obligation during the arrangement of Copper doped cadmium sulphide (Cu:CdS) nanomaterials in the colloidal arrangement. The antimicrobial action was evaluated against oral pathogens, for example, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris and Shigella flexneri and these outcomes affirmed that the Copper doped Cadmium sulphide nanomaterials are showing great bactericial action.

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