scholarly journals A Review of the “Open” and “Closed” Circulatory Systems: New Terminology for Complex Invertebrate Circulatory Systems in Light of Current Findings

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L. Reiber ◽  
Iain J. McGaw
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Cardiovascular Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Open Versus

Invertebrate cardiovascular systems have historically been viewed as sluggish, poorly regulated, and “open”, where blood bathes the tissues directly as it moves through a system of ill-defined sinuses and/or lacunae without an endothelial boundary. When examining cardiovascular/circulatory morphology and physiology in a broader evolutionary context, one can question the very nature of the definition of a “closed” versus “open” circulatory system. Viewed in this context a number of invertebrates have evolved incomplete or even completely cell-lined vessels and or lacunae with a highly branched vasculature that allows for the production of significant driving pressures and flows to meet relatively high metabolic demands driven by active life styles. In light of our current understanding of invertebrate cardiovascular systems and their paralleled complexity to vertebrate systems, a number of long established paradigms must be questioned and new definitions presented to better align our understanding of the nature of “open” versus “closed” cardiovascular systems.

Le génome des alpha-protéobactéries : complexité, réduction, diversité et fluidité

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Teyssier ◽  
Hélène Marchandin ◽  
Estelle Jumas-Bilak
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Eucaryotic Cell ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Genome Dynamics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Alpha Proteobacteria

The alpha-proteobacteria displayed diverse and often unconventional life-styles. In particular, they keep close relationships with the eucaryotic cell. Their genomic organization is often atypical. Indeed, complex genomes, with two or more chromosomes that could be linear and sometimes associated with plasmids larger than one megabase, have been described. Moreover, polymorphism in genome size and topology as well as in replicon number was observed among very related bacteria, even in a same species. Alpha-proteobacteria provide a good model to study the reductive evolution, the role and origin of multiple chromosomes, and the genomic fluidity. The amount of new data harvested in the last decade should lead us to better understand emergence of bacterial life-styles and to build the conceptual basis to improve the definition of the bacterial species.Key words: alpha-proteobacteria, genome, dynamics, diversity.

Dynamics of the Molluscan Circulatory System: Open versus Closed

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Bourne ◽  
J. R. Redmond ◽  
D. D. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Open Versus

Praxis and Practice: Ways of Distinguishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 50-79
Author(s):  
Iryna Ja. Matsevich-Dukhan
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Social Philosophy ◽  
Practical Philosophy ◽  
Russian Philosophy ◽  
German Philosophy ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Definition Of

The article exposes diverse historical-philosophical meanings of the concepts of praxis and practice. Using the works of Aristotle, I. Kant, G.W.F. Hegel, K. Marx, H. Lotze, and H. Arendt, the author demonstrates the main ways of distinguishing between these two notions. The article clarifies meanings of praxis and prudence in Aristotle’s philosophy. The crucial transformation of the sense of practice in classical German philosophy, its further neo-Kantian and neo-Hegelian interpretations are also considered. The author reveals a range of categorical forms of comprehending the practical and traces the basic directions of the development of definitions of praxis and practice, indicating the historical-philosophical contexts of their evolution. The article compares the conceptions of the acting subject developed by I. Kant, G.W.F. Hegel, K. Marx, and H. Lotze. Special attention is given to the explication of H. Lotze’s practical philosophy in building and distributing the conception of active life. Marxist and Lotzean approaches to praxis are compared, and their role in the formation of its current interpretations is revealed. These interpretations are problematized, taking into account the partly reconstructed initial meanings of praxis in Aristotle’s philosophy. The author justifies the relevance of H. Lotze’s legacy in Russian philosophy, examining the categories of social action and active life, the acting subject and society. The article demonstrates prospects for their reconsideration in social philosophy by approaching H. Lotze’s practical philosophy. The conclusion highlights consequences of the replacement of the Aristotelian definition of praxis with the Lotzean version, the possibility and necessity of reproducing the initial sense of praxis as different from practice in diverse historical-philosophical interpretations.

HANS HENRICH BOOMS AND ARCHIVAL APPRAISAL

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
VALENTYNA V. BEZDRABKO
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Archival Studies ◽  
Archival Appraisal ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Archival Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Active Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to one of the most important and most complex tasks of archival studies – the theory of archival appraisal. Despite its representative scientific literature, its individual aspects remain poorly developed. One of the largest european archivists of the 20th century Hans Booms, has entered the history of developments in the archival appraisal. The main content of his theory is the need to consider complex approaches to determining the significance of documents, in particular the value framework of society, personality. He became the first who changed the official paradigm of archives to the public, recognized the usefulness of hermeneutics to find out the motives for creating documents without touching upon the relativity of objective and subjective reflection of reality in them. Hans Booms expanded the concept of “documentary heritage”. Its meaning goes beyond the traditional perception of a document that serves to provide managerial actions and implement relevant decisions, and covers all “texts” irrespective of their form of existence – written, printed, photographic, mechanical or automated. This greatly influenced the notion of “public heritage” and determined the well-known concept of collective memory. H. Booms deny the usual vision of the archive as a place of cumulating of documents that ensure the effectiveness of management in “active life”. Theoretical understanding of the archive was reflected in the definition of the unit of storage, which, in the conditions of the emergence of the newest information carriers, expands significantly. This is no longer just administrative documents, but also other objects that archivists may have nothing to do with the appearance and operation of which. Therefore, as Booms argued, archivists can be responsible for the practical scope of working with operational documents when it comes to administrative documentation. An important merit of G. Booms is that he holistically represented the natural inclination of the archivist – to create a documentary heritage. Keywords: Hans Booms, Archival Education, Archivist, Archive, Archival Appraisal, MacroAppraisal.

“Prisoners Rise, Rise, Rise!”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Lee Engstrom ◽  
Derrick L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
System P ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides a rhetorical analysis of “consciousness-raising hip-hop.” Merging personal stories with an encyclopedic knowledge of contemporary pop culture, it argues that a politically savvy subgenre of hip-hop artists are raising awareness about incarceration in the black community and producing effective strategies for community activism. The hip-hop movement plays an important role in illuminating the problems of the prison-industrial complex by creating spaces of prison protest and modeling sources of community care. The analysis of hip-hop focuses on the artists, music, and (life)styles that promote a type of citizen-orator that is Ciceronian in character. Particular attention is given to those hip-hop artists who fit the definition of “consciousness-raising” by providing hope to prisoners and communities working to transform the U.S. criminal-justice system.

Variation in the Gender Gap in Inactive and Active Life Expectancy by the Definition of Inactivity Among Older Adults

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1279-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Malhotra ◽  
Angelique Chan ◽  
Shweta Ajay ◽  
Stefan Ma ◽  
Yasuhiko Saito
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Active Life Expectancy ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Definition Of

scholarly journals Defining Accessibility: A Snapshot of Accessibility Planning And A Review Of Practice In Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Varajão
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Despite the growing importance of accessibility planning and the legislated recognition of Human Rights in the planning profession, there is no universal, operational definition of accessibility planning. Moreover, the objectives of accessibility planning for municipalities and the private sector are largely ambiguous beyond the point of minimum Ontario Building Code standards. This MRP provides an annotated bibliography on the various subcategories that inform accessibility planning, which can act as a starting point for practitioners who are unfamiliar with the subject. The paper also analyzes the current understanding of accessibility in planning and related fields to provide an immediate understanding of accessibility, as well as note areas of similarity or conflict in varying sectors. The report concludes with a discussion of some potential areas for future research and development within the field.

scholarly journals Definition and review on a category of long non-coding RNA: Atherosclerosis-associated circulating lncRNA (ASCLncRNA)

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10001
Author(s):  
Shanshan Lu ◽  
Qin Liang ◽  
Yanqing Huang ◽  
Fanming Meng ◽  
Junwen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Atherosclerosis (AS) is one of the most common cardiovascular system diseases which seriously affects public health in modern society. Finding potential biomarkers in the complicated pathological progression of AS is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of AS. Studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) can be widely involved in the regulation of many physiological processes, and have important roles in different stages of AS formation. LncRNAs can be secreted into the circulatory system through exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies. Recently, increasing studies have been focused on the relationships between circulating lncRNAs and AS development. The lncRNAs in circulating blood are expected to be new non-invasive diagnostic markers for monitoring the progression of AS. We briefly reviewed the previously reported lncRNA transcripts which related to AS development and detectable in circulating blood, including ANRIL, SENCR, CoroMarker, LIPCAR, HIF1α-AS1, LncRNA H19, APPAT, KCNQ1OT1, LncPPARδ, LincRNA-p21, MALAT1, MIAT, and UCA1. Further researches and a definition of atherosclerosis-associated circulating lncRNA (ASCLncRNA) were also discussed.

Alpha ganglion cells in mammalian retinae: Common properties, species differences, and some comments on other ganglion cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Peichl
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cell ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Alpha Cells ◽  
Homogeneous Population ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractA specific morphological class of ganglion cell, the alpha cell, was first defined in cat retina. Alpha cells have since been found in a wide range of mammalian retinae, including several orders of placental and marsupial mammals. Characteristically, they have the largest somata and a large dendritic field with a typical branching pattern. They occur as inner and outer stratifying subpopulations, presumably corresponding to ON-center and OFF-center receptive fields. In all species, alpha cells account for less than 10% of the ganglion cells, their somata are regularly spaced, and their dendritic fields evenly and economically cover the retina in a mosaic-like fashion. The morphology of alpha cells and many features, both of single cells and of the population, are conserved across species with different habitats and life-styles. This suggests that alpha cells are a consistent obligatory ganglion cell type in every mammalian retina and probably subserve some fundamental task(s) in visual performance.Some general rules about the construction principles of ganglion cell classes are inferred from the alpha cells, stressing the importance of population parameters for the definition of a class. The principle, that a functionally and morphologically homogeneous population should have a regular arrangement and a complete and even coverage of the retina to perform its part in image processing at each retinal location, is especially evident across species and across ganglion cell types.

scholarly journals Defining Accessibility: A Snapshot of Accessibility Planning And A Review Of Practice In Ontario

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Varajão
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Planning Profession ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Despite the growing importance of accessibility planning and the legislated recognition of Human Rights in the planning profession, there is no universal, operational definition of accessibility planning. Moreover, the objectives of accessibility planning for municipalities and the private sector are largely ambiguous beyond the point of minimum Ontario Building Code standards. This MRP provides an annotated bibliography on the various subcategories that inform accessibility planning, which can act as a starting point for practitioners who are unfamiliar with the subject. The paper also analyzes the current understanding of accessibility in planning and related fields to provide an immediate understanding of accessibility, as well as note areas of similarity or conflict in varying sectors. The report concludes with a discussion of some potential areas for future research and development within the field.

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