Le génome des alpha-protéobactéries : complexité, réduction, diversité et fluidité

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 383-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corinne Teyssier ◽  
Hélène Marchandin ◽  
Estelle Jumas-Bilak
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Eucaryotic Cell ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Genome Dynamics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Alpha Proteobacteria

The alpha-proteobacteria displayed diverse and often unconventional life-styles. In particular, they keep close relationships with the eucaryotic cell. Their genomic organization is often atypical. Indeed, complex genomes, with two or more chromosomes that could be linear and sometimes associated with plasmids larger than one megabase, have been described. Moreover, polymorphism in genome size and topology as well as in replicon number was observed among very related bacteria, even in a same species. Alpha-proteobacteria provide a good model to study the reductive evolution, the role and origin of multiple chromosomes, and the genomic fluidity. The amount of new data harvested in the last decade should lead us to better understand emergence of bacterial life-styles and to build the conceptual basis to improve the definition of the bacterial species.Key words: alpha-proteobacteria, genome, dynamics, diversity.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF MODERN TOURISM

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Oksana Braslavska
Keyword(s):  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Science Methods ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Tourism Studies ◽  
Tourism Professionals ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of the article is to attempt to discover the conceptual basis of modern tourism, in particular, to justify scientific approaches. The basis of the method of work was the use of conventional methods: theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the specified topic, synthesis, description and comparison. The results are the separation of the following scientific approaches: axiological, cultural, multicultural, holistic, structural, functional, informational, synergistic, predictive, unity of quality and quantity, co-evolutionary (development), causality. The scientific novelty of the study was the interpretation of general methodological approaches in the field of tourism studies, a clear definition of their characteristics, which will help to improve its methodological basis. The practical significance of the article is to justify the expediency of using scientific approaches, which will make it possible to combine the efforts of tourism professionals under the current conditions of fundamental incompleteness and uncertainty of information on the methodology of tourism; in developing approaches that are, to some extent, capable of ensuring the effective interaction and synthesis of different science methods on a single conceptual basis.

scholarly journals A Review of the “Open” and “Closed” Circulatory Systems: New Terminology for Complex Invertebrate Circulatory Systems in Light of Current Findings

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl L. Reiber ◽  
Iain J. McGaw
Keyword(s):  
Circulatory System ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Active Life ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Cardiovascular Systems ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Open Versus

Invertebrate cardiovascular systems have historically been viewed as sluggish, poorly regulated, and “open”, where blood bathes the tissues directly as it moves through a system of ill-defined sinuses and/or lacunae without an endothelial boundary. When examining cardiovascular/circulatory morphology and physiology in a broader evolutionary context, one can question the very nature of the definition of a “closed” versus “open” circulatory system. Viewed in this context a number of invertebrates have evolved incomplete or even completely cell-lined vessels and or lacunae with a highly branched vasculature that allows for the production of significant driving pressures and flows to meet relatively high metabolic demands driven by active life styles. In light of our current understanding of invertebrate cardiovascular systems and their paralleled complexity to vertebrate systems, a number of long established paradigms must be questioned and new definitions presented to better align our understanding of the nature of “open” versus “closed” cardiovascular systems.

scholarly journals Genome Sizes in Hepatica Mill: (Ranunculaceae) Show a Loss of DNA, Not a Gain, in Polyploids

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. M. Zonneveld
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Genome Size ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Close Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna Content ◽  
Dna Contents ◽  
Asiatic Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna Contents ◽  
Allotetraploid Species

Genome size (C-value) was applied anew to investigate the relationships within the genus Hepatica (Ranunculaceae). More than 50 samples representing all species (except H. falconeri), from wild and cultivated material, were investigated. Species of Hepatica turn out to be diploid (), tetraploid ( ), and a possible pentaploid. The somatic nuclear DNA contents (2C-value), as measured by flow cytometry with propidium iodide, were shown to range from 33 to 80 pg. The Asiatic and American species, often considered subspecies of H. nobilis, could be clearly distinguished from European H. nobilis. DNA content confirmed the close relationships in the Asiatic species, and these are here considered as subspecies of H. asiatica. Parents for the allotetraploid species could be suggested based on their nuclear DNA content. Contrary to the increase in genome size suggested earlier for Hepatica, a significant (6%–14%) loss of nuclear DNA in the natural allopolyploids was found.

scholarly journals Family policy of the Russian state in the face of grand challenges: Main problems and contradiction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-88
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Smirnov ◽  
◽  
Vladislav V. Gruzdev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Grand Challenges ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
The Face

Introduction: one of the most important great challenges is the demographic transition which brings about changes in people’s life styles, aging of the population and the expansion of various kinds of social, sometimes rather destructive, experiments. This, in turn, requires adequate actions on the part of the state, development of an effective social policy that can offset the effects of major challenges, as well as destructive hybrid influences both within the country and from outside. Objectives: to identify the main problems and contradictions of the state family policy in Russia, to assess its adequacy against the trends in modern societies development. Methods: formal-logical, comparative, secondary data analysis, content analysis. Results: a number of directions in transformation of family life and their manifestations in Russia have been identified; main discursive and practical aspects of the state family policy have been analyzed as well as its key dysfunctions. Conclusions: family resilience as a social institution has not changed significantly over the past 20 years. However, the number of Russians who are ready to justify abortion is declining, and, conversely, the number of those who are ready to justify divorce is increasing. The family today is still constructed as an institution of social control and reproduction of rigid gender roles. Moreover, in recent decades, certain strata of Russian society have returned to traditional conservative models of close relationships. State family policy is unable to neutralize the negative consequences of grand challenges and needs to be rethought. Its key dysfunction is the rigidity of discursive and social practices, ignorance of the real changes that are taking place in close relationships today. In addition, family policy is poorly integrated with other areas of state policy: there are no uniform methodological approaches to lifelong human development.

“Prisoners Rise, Rise, Rise!”

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Lee Engstrom ◽  
Derrick L. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hip Hop ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
Pop Culture ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Consciousness Raising ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
System P ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter provides a rhetorical analysis of “consciousness-raising hip-hop.” Merging personal stories with an encyclopedic knowledge of contemporary pop culture, it argues that a politically savvy subgenre of hip-hop artists are raising awareness about incarceration in the black community and producing effective strategies for community activism. The hip-hop movement plays an important role in illuminating the problems of the prison-industrial complex by creating spaces of prison protest and modeling sources of community care. The analysis of hip-hop focuses on the artists, music, and (life)styles that promote a type of citizen-orator that is Ciceronian in character. Particular attention is given to those hip-hop artists who fit the definition of “consciousness-raising” by providing hope to prisoners and communities working to transform the U.S. criminal-justice system.

scholarly journals Contrasting evolutionary genome dynamics between domesticated and wild yeasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 913-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Xing Yue ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Louise Aigrain ◽  
Johan Hallin ◽  
Karl Persson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Dynamics ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Structural Rearrangements ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Genome Dynamics ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Wild Yeasts ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Genome Assemblies

Abstract Structural rearrangements have long been recognized as an important source of genetic variation, with implications in phenotypic diversity and disease, yet their detailed evolutionary dynamics remain elusive. Here we use long-read sequencing to generate end-to-end genome assemblies for 12 strains representing major subpopulations of the partially domesticated yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its wild relative Saccharomyces paradoxus. These population-level high-quality genomes with comprehensive annotation enable precise definition of chromosomal boundaries between cores and subtelomeres and a high-resolution view of evolutionary genome dynamics. In chromosomal cores, S. paradoxus shows faster accumulation of balanced rearrangements (inversions, reciprocal translocations and transpositions), whereas S. cerevisiae accumulates unbalanced rearrangements (novel insertions, deletions and duplications) more rapidly. In subtelomeres, both species show extensive interchromosomal reshuffling, with a higher tempo in S. cerevisiae. Such striking contrasts between wild and domesticated yeasts are likely to reflect the influence of human activities on structural genome evolution.

scholarly journals Topology Optimization Design of Internal Reinforcements in a Sailing Dinghy

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Antonio Mancuso ◽  
Antonio Saporito ◽  
Davide Tumino
Keyword(s):  
Topology Optimization ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Final Shape ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Full Body

AbstractIn this paper, a novel approach has been followed based on FEM simulation and Topology Optimization tools to locate and model the reinforcements inside the hull of a sailing dinghy. This process assumes that the inner volume included between the hull and the deck is, at the beginning of the simulation, filled with material; then a portion of this inner volume is eroded until a final free form shape of the reinforcements is obtained. A key point of this procedure is the definition of the optimization constrains because the final shape of the reinforcements must fulfill several requirements such as weight, stiffness and stress. At the end of the optimization procedure, the final shape of internal reinforcements consists of a truss-like web frame with a final weight equal to the 18% of the initial full body.

Review of A Short Course in Computational Geometry and Topology by Herbert Edelsbrunner

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Abdulai Gassama ◽  
Frederic Green
Keyword(s):  
Computational Geometry ◽  
General Context ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Short Course

Computational geometry and topology are huge branches of mathematics. Focussing on concepts that lead to computation is one strategy to provide a concrete conceptual basis for ideas that hold in a more general context. Indeed, this short book gives an introduction to a surprisingly broad range of ideas that can serve as a good introduction to geometry and topology (even broadly conceived) for undergraduates.

Role Transitions

2017 ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Myrna M. Weissman ◽  
John C. Markowitz ◽  
Gerald L. Klerman
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Problem Area ◽  
Role Transition ◽  
Life Change ◽  
Role Transitions ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Situation

Depression associated with role transitions occurs when a person has difficulty coping with a life change that affects her mood and requires different behavior or modifications in one or more close relationships. This chapter includes the definition of role transitions and outlines the goals and strategies for IPT therapists working with this problem area. The aims of treating depression associated with a role transition are to understand what it means to the patient: what the patient has lost, what the new situation demands, what might be gained, what expectations the person and others have in relation to that change, and how capable the person feels of meeting them. Depressed patients tend to exaggerate the benefits of the old situation while minimizing the negatives. Developing new skills is an important part of the transition recovery process. Case examples are included.

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