scholarly journals Urothelial Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder in Young Adults: Presentation, Clinical behavior and Outcome

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Nomikos ◽  
Athanasios Pappas ◽  
Maria-Emmanouela Kopaka ◽  
Stavros Tzoulakis ◽  
Ioannis Volonakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Urothelial Bladder

Introduction.There is not much evidence regarding clinical behavior of bladder cancer in younger patients. We evaluated clinical characteristics, tumor recurrence and progression in patients younger than 40 years old with urothelial bladder carcinoma.Methods.We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 31 patients less than 40 years old who were firstly managed with bladder urothelial carcinoma in our department. Data were analysed with the Chi-square test.Results.Mean age was 31.7 years. Mean followup was 38.52 months (11–72 months). Nineteen (61%) patients were diagnosed with GII and 2 (6%) patients with GIII disease. Five (16%) patients presented with T1 disease. Three (9%) patients with invasive disease underwent cystectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy and one developed metastatic disease. Ten (32%) patients recurred during followup with a disease free recurrence rate of 65% the first 2 years after surgery. From those, 1 patient progressed to higher stage and three to higher grade disease. No patient died during followup.Conclusions.Bladder urothelial carcinoma in patients younger than 40 years is usually low stage and low grade. Management of these patients should be according to clinical characteristics and no different from older patients with the same disease.

scholarly journals Clinical Behavior of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma in Young Patients: A Single Center Experience

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volkan Sen ◽  
Ozan Bozkurt ◽  
Omer Demir ◽  
Ahmet Adil Esen ◽  
Ugur Mungan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Clinical Behavior ◽  
Single Center Experience ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
The Mean

Background. There is not enough evidence about clinical behavior of bladder cancer in younger patients.Objective. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma patients under the age of 40 years.Methods. Medical records of patients listed in our cancer database were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 40 patients who were initially diagnosed with bladder urothelial carcinoma at the age less than 40 years were included in the study. Patients’ records were reviewed for recurrence and progression rates, demographic data, medical history, and treatment modalities.Results. Pathological results revealed 33 (82.5%) Ta low-grade, 6 (15%) T1 high-grade, and 1 (2.5%) T2 high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Recurrence was detected in 14/39 (35.9%) patients but progression was not observed in any patients. The mean age of recurrent patients was significantly higher than nonrecurrent patients (34.8 versus 28.5 years;p<0.05). Besides, recurrence was detected in only 1 patient with the age under 30 years (6.2%) and 13 patients (54.1%) between 30 and 40 years old, respectively (p<0.05).Conclusion. Bladder urothelial carcinoma diagnosed at young age tends to be a low pathologic stage, with relatively low rate of recurrence and progression.

scholarly journals Unexpected Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma in a Young Adult-Case Report with Literature Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Hamdy Aboutaleb ◽  
Hamdy Aboutaleb
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Lateral Wall ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Heavy Smoking ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Young Adults

Background: Bladder cancer is the third most common malignancy in adults, accounting for 2.1% of all cancer-related deaths. Its highest incidence is in the 6th decade of life. Urothelial bladder cancer is rare in children and adolescents, presenting in only 0.003% of the population under 20 years of age. The aim of the paper is to report a rare case of bladder urothelial carcinoma in a young girl aged 27 years. Case Presentation: We report the case of a 27-year-old girl who presented with painless gross hematuria. She had a history of heavy smoking and recurrent cystitis. CT-KUB revealed polypoidal tumor in right lateral wall of the urinary bladder. Transurethral resection of the tumor was performed for complete removal of the tumor. Follow-up revealed no recurrence for two years. Conclusion: Urothelial bladder carcinoma should be excluded in children and young adults when they present with painless hematuria. Although this presentation is rare, its prognosis is good.

scholarly journals Androgen receptor expression in the urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma and its relation to known prognostic factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Eman T. El-taher ◽  
Maha Lotfy Zamzam ◽  
Ahmed Mustafa Elzawawy ◽  
Wael Abdo Hassan ◽  
Marwa Awad Suliman
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Androgen Receptor Expression ◽  
Large Tumor ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Urothelial Bladder

Objective: The current study was carried out to assess the prognostic value of androgen receptor expression in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder and correlate it to the disease outcome.Methods: Histologically confirmed cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma were studied. Clinical, pathological, and radiological data were collected. Paraffin embedded tissue sections were submitted for hematoxylin and eosin staining, as well as immunohistochemical staining for androgen receptor in tumor cells.Results: Nuclear androgen receptor expression was positive in 75% of the studied histopathological specimens. Additionally, a significant positive association between androgen receptor expression and tumor grade, muscle invasion & tumor size were noticed.Conclusions: There is a significant association between large tumor size, high grade, deep invasion, and expression of Androgen receptor in urothelial bladder carcinoma. Antiandrogen could be an effective chemo preventive or therapeutic approach in treatment of urothelial bladder carcinoma.

scholarly journals Expression of HER2/neu and Ki-67 in Urothelial Carcinoma and their Relation to Clinicopathological Data: An Egyptian Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badawia B Ibrahim ◽  
Samira A Mahmoud ◽  
Alzahraa A Mohamed ◽  
Hala M El Hanbuli
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Histological Grade ◽  
P Value ◽  
Urinary Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Cellular Marker ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
Common Malignancy

Introduction: Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy involving the urinary system and the ninth most common malignancy worldwide. Ki-67 is a nonhistone cellular marker for proliferation. HER2/neu is an oncogene that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many cancer types. In bladder carcinoma, its clinical significance remains under-investigated and poorly linked to the patients’ clinicopathological features especially with no reported Egyptian study. Aim: The aim of this work was to study the expression of HER2/neu and Ki-67 in urinary bladder carcinoma to evaluate their role in tumourigenesis and their correlation with other available clinicopathological variables associated with urothelial carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt. Samples were paraffin blocks from 60 cases diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma underwent radical cystectomy. Ki-67 and HER2/neu immunohistochemical staining was done and of Ki-67 and HER2/neu Immunostaining was recorded. The associations between Ki-67, HER2/neu expressions and clinical and histopathological parameters of urothelial bladder carcinoma was evaluated. Results: The Ki-67 expression had significant association with tumour histological grade and lymphovascular invasion (p-value <0.05). The association of HER2/neu expression had significant association with perineural invasion (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: HER2/neu immunostaining was not associated with most of the clinicopathologic prognostic factors in urothelial bladder carcinoma.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of acetic acid wash protocol and the interpretation patterns of blood contaminated cervical cytology ThinPrep® specimens

CytoJournal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora K. Frisch ◽  
Yasin Ahmed ◽  
Seema Sethi ◽  
Daniel Neill ◽  
Tatyana Kalinicheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Acid Wash ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Background: ThinPrep® (TP) cervical cytology, as a liquid-based method, has many benefits but also a relatively high unsatisfactory rate due to debris/lubricant contamination and the presence of blood. These contaminants clog the TP filter and prevent the deposition of adequate diagnostic cells on the slide. An acetic acid wash (AAW) protocol is often used to lyse red blood cells, before preparing the TP slides. Design: From 23,291 TP cervical cytology specimens over a 4-month period, 2739 underwent AAW protocol due to initial unsatisfactory smear (UNS) with scant cellularity due to blood or being grossly bloody. Randomly selected 2739 cervical cytology specimens which did not undergo AAW from the same time period formed the control (non-AAW) group. Cytopathologic interpretations of AAW and non-AAW groups were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: About 94.2% of the 2739 cases which underwent AAW were subsequently satisfactory for evaluation with interpretations of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) 4.9% (135), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) 3.7% (102), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) 1% (28). From the 2739 control cases, 96.3% were satisfactory with ASCUS 5.5% (151), LSIL 5.1% (139), and HSIL 0.7% (19). The prevalence of ASCUS interpretations was similar (P = 0.33). Although there were 32% more HSIL interpretations in the AAW group (28 in AAW vs. 19 in non-AAW), the difference was statistically insignificant (P = 0.18). AAW category; however, had significantly fewer LSIL interpretations (P = 0.02). The percentage of UNS cases remained higher in the AAW group with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Conclusions: While AAW had a significantly higher percent of UNS interpretations, the protocol was effective in rescuing 94.2% of specimens which otherwise may have been reported unsatisfactory. This improved patient care by avoiding a repeat test. The prevalence of ASCUS and HSIL interpretations between AAW and non-AAW groups were comparable. Though not statistically significant, HSIL interpretations were relatively higher in the AAW group. LSIL interpretations showed lower prevalence in AAW group.

scholarly journals Abnormal colposcopic images in patients with preinvasive cervical lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Adnan Babović ◽  
Dženita Ljuca ◽  
Gordana Bogdanović ◽  
Lejla Muminhodžić
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine frequency and to compare frequency of the abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low and high grade pre-invasive lesions of cervix.Methods: Study includes 259 patients, whom colposcopic and cytological examination of cervix was done. The experimental group of patients consisted of patents with pre-invasive low grade squamousintraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and the control group consisted of patients without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Results: In comparison to the total number of satisfactory fi ndings (N=259), pathological findings were registered in N=113 (43.6 %) and abnormal colposcopic fi ndings in N=128 (49.4%). The study did notinclude patients with unsatisfactory fi nding N=22 (8.5%). Abnormal colposcopic image is present most frequently in older patients but there are no statistically important difference between age categories(Pearson Chi-Square 0.47, df -3, p=0.923). Frequency of abnormal colposcopic fi ndings (N=128) is the biggest in pathological cytological (N=113) and HSIL 58 (45.3%), LSIL 36 (28.1%). There is statisticallysignifi cant difference in frequency of abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low-grade in comparison to patients with high-grade pre-invasive cervix lesions (Chi-Square test, Pearson Chi-Square 117.14,df-12 p<0.0001).Conclusion: Thanks to characteristic colposcopic images, abnormal epithelium is successfully recognized, but the severity grade of intraepithelial lesion cannot be determined.

PD-L1 Positivity Associated With Presence of Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and High-Stage Disease in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (6) ◽  
pp. 802-810
Author(s):  
Maria E Smith ◽  
Sahar J Farahani ◽  
Timothy Chao ◽  
Matthew Palmer ◽  
Aileen Arriola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Upper Tract ◽  
Urothelial Bladder Carcinoma ◽  
Stage Disease ◽  
Programmed Death ◽  
Persistent Antigen ◽  
Urothelial Bladder ◽  
Tertiary Lymphoid Structures ◽  
Lymphoid Structures

Abstract Objectives Persistent antigen exposure leads to the accumulation of lymphocytes and subsequent tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS). We investigated the relationship of tumor microenvironment (TME) with respect to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), its receptor programmed death 1 (PD-1), and TLS in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) cases and compared them with UTUC associated with urothelial bladder carcinoma (UTUC-BCa). Methods We retrospectively identified 72 patients with UTUC. Representative slides were reviewed, and TLS were counted. Immunohistochemical stains for PD-1 and PD-L1 were performed. PD-1–positive lymphocytes were counted and H-score for PD-L1–positive membranous staining was determined. Results PD-L1 expression in the tumor was present in 55.1% of the UTUC cases. Higher stage was associated with increased PD-L1 expression (P = .035). TLS were present in 33.3% and their presence was significantly associated with PD-L1 positivity (P = .024). This association remained significant after adjustment for UTUC-BCa. TLS were also associated with a greater number of infiltrating PD-1-positive lymphocytes (P = .013). Conclusions This study is one of the first comparative studies of the TME in UTUC and UTUC-BCa. PD-L1 is expressed in a subset of UTUC and is associated with TLS. The presence of TLS is an inherent characteristic of UTUC and not secondary to the presence of BCa.

scholarly journals Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with MDR tuberculosis in Dar Es Salaam region, Tanzania

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David T Myemba ◽  
George M Bwire ◽  
Godfrey Sambayi ◽  
Betty A Maganda ◽  
Belinda J Njiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mdr Tb ◽  
Chi Square Test

Abstract Background In Tanzania more than 28% of all multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) cases occur in Dar es Salaam. However, information about management and clinical outcomes of patients with MDR-TB in the region is scarce, and hence the need for this study. Methods A 5-year retrospective cohort study was conducted in six centres in Dar es Salaam. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize social demographics and clinical characteristics. Associations between occurrence of adverse events, regimen change and cure were determined using the Chi-square test whereas factors associated with mortality were determined using the Log-ranking test and Cox regression model. Results Three-hundred patient files were found and reviewed. The majority were male 199 (66.3%), aged 25–44 years [176 (58.7%)] and 89 (30.1%) were HIV co-infected. 186 (62%) completed their treatment, 68 (22.0%) were on treatment and 9 (3.3%) were lost to follow-up. The majority, 152 (51.0%) were managed using long MDR-TB regimens. The overall mortality rate was 5.7 per 1000 MDR-TB patients. A higher mortality rate was associated with being ≥45 years [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR): 10.82, 95% CI: 1.14–102.74, P = 0.038), female (AHR: 5.92, 95% CI: 1.75–20.08, P = 0.004), on a short anti-TB regimen (AHR: 4.34, 95% CI: 1.41–13.35, P = 0.010), HIV co-infected [crude hazard ratio (CHR): 2.56, 95% CI: 1.01–6.50, P = 0.048), on concomitant long-term medication use (CHR: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.17–7.64, P = 0.022) and having other co-morbidities (CHR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.32–9.02, P = 0.011). Conclusions MDR-TB mortality was associated with short anti-TB regimens, sex, age, concomitant long-term medication use and HIV coinfection. In this population, use of long and individualized regimens is recommended.

scholarly journals Correlation of placental histomorphology with doppler velocimetry in preeclampsia and IUGR and their perinatal outcome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2811
Author(s):  
Divya Solipuram ◽  
Akhila Vasudeva ◽  
Prashanth Adiga ◽  
Ashwin Das ◽  
Antony Sylvan D' Souza
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Perinatal Outcome ◽  
Grading System ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Histomorphological Changes

Background: Though numerous placental ischemic changes are described in relation to placental insufficiency, universally accepted criteria are unavailable till date leading to under or over reporting. Present study is an attempt to define standardized grading system for placental dysmorphology and correlate it with Doppler changes. The objective was to study placental histomorphology in preeclampsia and IUGR (Intrauterine Growth Restriction), to correlate the placental histomorphology with multivessel Doppler findings and their perinatal outcome in preeclampsia and IUGR.Methods: Prospective study was done over 2 years, 64 antenatal women with preeclampsia and/or IUGR were recruited, their multivessel Doppler measurements were recorded and placental histomorphological changes were studied post-delivery which were graded as either low or high grade placentas considering degree and number of ischemic changes observed.Results: Out of 64 cases, 33 (51.5%) cases had low grade changes and 31 (48.5%) had high grade changes. Out of 33 patients with low grade placentas 24 (73%) had normal Doppler, 20 (65%) out of 31 high grade placenta had abnormal Doppler. Placental histomorphology correlated well with Doppler abnormality (Coefficient of Kappa test). Syncytial knots>50%, presence of hypermature villi, infarcts, fibrin deposits were significantly associated with abnormal Doppler. High grade placenta group had significantly poor perinatal outcome (Chi square test).Conclusions: We formulated a grading system of placental dysmorphology in preeclampsia and IUGR which correlated well with clinical Doppler abnormality and perinatal outcome. Further studies are warranted to develop preventive strategies aimed at specific high grade placental changes seen in pregnancies with abnormal Doppler and develop strategies to improve perinatal outcome. 

scholarly journals MiR-210 has the capacity to serve as a diagnostic biomarker for laryngeal carcinoma patient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Hongguang Song ◽  
Shiming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Laryngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Auc Value

Abstract Background Early diagnosis represents a great challenge for laryngeal carcinoma patients. MiR-210 is involved in various human cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of serum miR-210 in laryngeal carcinoma. Methods In our study, qRT-PCR was performed to determine the serum miR-210 level in 137 laryngeal carcinoma patients and 79 healthy volunteers. The association of serum miR-210 level with clinical characteristics of the patients was estimated by chi-square test. ROC analysis was applied to evaluate the diagnostic value of miR-210 in laryngeal carcinoma. Results Serum miR-210 level was higher in laryngeal carcinoma patients than that in healthy group (P < 0.001). Moreover, its elevated expression was positively associated with TNM stage (P = 0.000) and distant metastasis (P = 0.001). The AUC value of the ROC curve was 0.893, suggesting the possibility of serum miR-210 as a diagnostic biomarker for the disease. The cut-off value was 4.685, with the sensitivity of 83.2% and the specificity of 84.8%. Conclusion MiR-210 serves as an oncogene in progression of laryngeal carcinoma. Serum miR-210 may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for laryngeal carcinoma.

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