scholarly journals Gallic Acid Attenuates Platelet Activation and Platelet-Leukocyte Aggregation: Involving Pathways of Akt and GSK3β

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Sheng Chang ◽  
Viola S. Y. Lee ◽  
Yu-Lun Tseng ◽  
Kuan-Cheng Chang ◽  
Kuen-Bao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Mechanistic Explanation ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Leukocyte Aggregation ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Platelet activation and its interaction with leukocytes play an important role in atherothrombosis. Cardiovascular diseases resulted from atherothrombosis remain the major causes of death worldwide. Gallic acid, a major constituent of red wine and tea, has been believed to have properties of cardiovascular protection, which is likely to be related to its antioxidant effects. Nonetheless, there were few and inconsistent data regarding the effects of gallic acid on platelet function. Therefore, we designed thisin vitrostudy to determine whether gallic acid could inhibit platelet activation and the possible mechanisms. From our results, gallic acid could concentration-dependently inhibit platelet aggregation, P-selectin expression, and platelet-leukocyte aggregation. Gallic acid prevented the elevation of intracellular calcium and attenuated phosphorylation of PKCα/p38 MAPK and Akt/GSK3βon platelets stimulated by the stimulants ADP or U46619. This is the first mechanistic explanation for the inhibitory effects on platelets from gallic acid.

scholarly journals The Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibitory effects, antioxidant effects and the safety of a Sri Lankan traditional betel quid - an in vitro study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhavi Priyanka Paranagama ◽  
Nadisha Sewwandi Piyarathne ◽  
Tharanga Lakmali Nandasena ◽  
Sumedha Jayatilake ◽  
Ayanthi Navaratne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Betel Quid ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Inhibitory effects of lycopene on in vitro platelet activation and in vivo prevention of thrombus formation

2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Hsiao ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Nien-Hsuan Tzu ◽  
Tsorng-Hang Fong ◽  
Ming-Yi Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
In Vitro Platelet Activation

scholarly journals Antioxidant Potential of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. roots: In-Vitro Evidences

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Varinder Singh ◽  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
High Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Glycyrrhiza Glabra L ◽  
Strong Candidate ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Antioxidant Effects ◽  
Reducing Potential

Background: The study was aimed to determine the mechanism of antioxidant effects of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (GG) roots using in-vitro assays.Methods: The various extracts of GG roots were prepared and evaluated for DPPH scavenging, reducing effects and nitric oxide inhibiting activities. Prepared extracts were screened for the presence of various phytochemicals and quantified on the basis of phytochemical present therein.Results: The results showed that all the prepared extracts contained phenolic compounds. Also, extract showed appreciable antioxidant effects in all three assays employed. However, among prepared extracts, ethylacetate extract was found to have strong free radical inhibition, ferric reducing potential and nitric oxide inhibitory effects. The reason for high antioxidant activity in ethylacetate extract could be attributed to the significant amount phenol compounds present in it. Conclusion: Evidently, GG’s capacity to scavenge free radicals, reducing potential and inhibit nitric oxide contributes to its antioxidant effects and thus, could be a strong candidate for developing antioxidant based drug therapy.

Inhibitory effects of hydrogen on in vitro platelet activation and in vivo prevention of thrombosis formation

Life Sciences ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 116700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Wang ◽  
Ya-ping Wu ◽  
Ji-ju Han ◽  
Mao-qing Zhang ◽  
Chen-xi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Prevention Of Thrombosis ◽  
In Vitro Platelet Activation

Effect of red wine ingestion on the antioxidant capacity of serum

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
T P Whitehead ◽  
D Robinson ◽  
S Allaway ◽  
J Syms ◽  
A Hale
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
White Wine ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Abstract Aerobic metabolism in biological systems produces reactive oxygen species, and defense against such prooxidants requires antioxidant activity, e.g., predominantly vitamins C and E in serum. Recently, flavonoids (polyphenols occurring widely in plants) have been investigated in vitro for their antioxidant activity; whether they are absorbed after ingestion is not clear. Using a chemiluminescent assay of serum antioxidant capacity (SAOC), we have studied the effects in normal individuals of ingesting red wine, white wine, and high doses of vitamin C. In nine subjects who ingested 300 mL of red wine, the mean SAOC was increased by 18% after 1 h and by 11% at 2 h. The same amount of white wine produced 4% and 7% increases, respectively. The ingestion of 1000 mg (5.7 mmol) of ascorbic acid by four subjects increased their mean SAOC by 22% at 1 h and by 29% at 2 h. An in vitro comparison of red wine, white wine, and various fruit juices showed the high antioxidant capacity of red wine in addition to its ability to increase the antioxidant capacity of serum in vivo. The antioxidant effects of various flavonoids and other polyphenols were also studied.

scholarly journals Dietary Flavonoids: Cardioprotective Potential with Antioxidant Effects and Their Pharmacokinetic, Toxicological and Therapeutic Concerns

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johra Khan ◽  
Prashanta Kumar Deb ◽  
Somi Priya ◽  
Karla Damiàn Medina ◽  
Rajlakshmi Devi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Flavonoids comprise a large group of structurally diverse polyphenolic compounds of plant origin and are abundantly found in human diet such as fruits, vegetables, grains, tea, dairy products, red wine and so on. Major classes of flavonoids include flavonols, flavones, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanidins, isoflavones, and chalcones. Owing to their potential health benefits and medicinal significance, flavonoids are now considered as an indispensable component in a variety of medicinal, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic preparations. However, flavonoids play a significant role in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which could be mainly due to their antioxidant, antiatherogenic, and antithrombotic effects. Epidemiological and in vitro/in vivo evidences of antioxidant effects support the cardioprotective function of dietary flavonoids. Further, the inhibition of LDL oxidation and platelet aggregation following regular consumption of food containing flavonoids and moderate consumption of red wine might protect against atherosclerosis and thrombosis. A study suggests that daily intake of 100 mg of flavonoids through diet may reduce the risk of developing morbidity and mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) by approximately 10%. This review summarizes dietary flavonoids with their sources and potential health implications in CVDs including various redox-active cardioprotective (molecular) mechanisms with antioxidant effects. Pharmacokinetic (oral bioavailability, drug metabolism), toxicological and therapeutic aspects of dietary flavonoids are also addressed herein with future directions for the discovery and development of useful drug candidates/ therapeutic molecules.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antiplatelet Activity of Phenolic Compounds by Flow Cytometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Konstantinos D. Kyriakidis ◽  
Eyrysthenis G. Vartholomatos ◽  
Georgios S. Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Antiplatelet Activity

Platelets play a pivotal role in coagulation, or clot formation, resulting in haemostasis, after endothelium injury. Disturbance of platelet activation may lead to pathologic thrombosis. Platelet activation and aggregation are common factors in atherothrombotic events, critical in the atherothrombotic process, and cardiovascular diseases. Several drugs are being used for antiplatelet therapy to prevent and/or treat atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Synthetic antiplatelet drugs hold possible undesired health consequences (cardiovascular diseases, carcinogenicity, etc.), advocating their replacement with natural, effective, and non-toxic compounds. Many phenolic compounds are created as secondary metabolites of plants, are found in many fruits and vegetables, and constitute a wide family of high-added-value molecules. Their biological activities include antioxidant, anti-platelet, and anti-inflammatory action. Based on the above, we examined five phenolic compounds (ellagic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol) for their effect on platelet reactivity in whole blood samples using flow cytometry. Quantification of activated platelet marker CD62-P by flow cytometry showed that all five compounds inhibited platelet activation in vitro, induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and collagen. Interestingly, based on the IC50 values obtained for expression of CD62-P, among ellagic, ferulic, and gallic acid, gallic acid showed significantly higher inhibition than the other two. Kaempferol found to be a more potent inhibitor than quercetin, following previously reported results from aggregometry. Results obtained from our flow cytometry screening indicate antiplatelet activity from novel phenolic compounds and their potential use as drugs for thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases.

Acute Hyperglycaemia Enhances Platelet Activation: Involvement of Multiple Mechanisms.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 3884-3884
Author(s):  
Nailin Li ◽  
Dzana Sudic ◽  
Mikael Forslund ◽  
Masoud Razmara
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Acute Hyperglycemia ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Kinase C ◽  
Fibrinogen Binding ◽  
Impedance Aggregometry ◽  
Leukocyte Aggregation

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is associated with platelet dysfunction, and hypoglycemic treatments may counteract this diabetic alteration. We thus studied how acute hyperglycemia influences platelet function. Fast blood (n=20) was incubated with different levels of glucose (5, 15, and 30 mM) for 5 min, and without or with in vitro stimuli. Platelet activation was monitored by whole blood flow cytometry, while platelet aggregation was also measured using impedance aggregometry. Blood glucose levels had little influence on unstimulated platelets. Hyperglycemia enhanced ADP- and TRAP-induced platelet P-selectin expression. Hyperglycemia also increased TRAP-induced platelet fibrinogen binding. High glucose levels mildly increased ADP- and TRAP-induced platelet-leukocyte aggregation. The blockade of protein kinase C (PKC) slightly attenuated ADP-induced, and markedly inhibited TRAP-induced platelet activation. PKC blockade had, however, little effect on hyperglycemia effect. Platelet P-selectin expression induced by the direct PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was not augmented by hyperglycemia. Superoxide anion scavenging by superoxide dismutase (SOD) reduced, whistle cyclo-oxygenase (COX) inhibition by naproxen did not reduced the enhancing effect of platelet activation by hyperglycemia. In conclusion, acute hyperglycemia enhances platelet activation in whole blood. Superoxide anions contribute importantly to hyperglycemia-enhanced platelet activation, while other mechanisms not identified presently also contribute to hyperglycemic effects.

scholarly journals In vitro Inhibitory Effects of Limonium contortirameum and L. virgatum Extracts from Sardinia on α-Amylase, α-Glucosidase and Pancreatic Lipase

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzia Foddai ◽  
Violet Kasabri ◽  
Giacomo L. Petretto ◽  
Emanuela Azara ◽  
Angela Sias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Lipid Digestion ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Triacylglycerol Lipase ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
Dual Inhibitors ◽  
Dose Dependent

Pancreatic triacylglycerol lipase (PL), α-amylase and α-glucosidase are interesting pharmacological targets for the management of dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, and obesity-diabetes. Limonium spp (Plumbaginaceae) are endemic to Sardinia, Italy. Comparable with acarbose, aqueous extracts (AE) of L. contortirameum and L. virgatum, and their phytoconstituent gallic acid concentration gradients (mg/mL) were identified as in vitro potent ( p<0.001, n=3) and efficacious dual inhibitors of α-amylase and α-glucosidase with respective IC50 (mg/mL) values of 0.6 ± 0.1, 1.2 ± 0.1 and 0.15 ± 0.02. Equivalent to orlistat (PL IC50 of 0.114 ± 0.004 μg/mL), L. contortirameum, L. virgatum AE and their phytoprinciple gallic acid inhibited PL substantially ( p<0.001, n=3) in a dose-dependent manner in vitro with PL- IC50 (μg/mL) of 920.4 ± 105.2, 593.1 ± 56.8 and 8.4 ± 0.9, respectively. LC-MS analysis of extracts revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds in their aglycon and glycoside forms. These are catechins, flavones, epigallocatechins and flavonols. Flavonoid- and polyphenol-rich L contortirameum and L. virgatum, modulating gastrointestinal carbohydrate and lipid digestion and absorption, may be advocated as candidates for obesity-diabetes prevention and phytotherapy.

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