scholarly journals Autophagy in Pancreatic Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Grasso ◽  
Maria Noé Garcia ◽  
Juan L. Iovanna
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Cytoplasmic Component ◽  
Cellular Pathways ◽  
Cellular Components

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating disease with an extremely poor life expectancy and no effective treatment. Autophagy is a process of degradation of cytoplasmic component capable of recycling cellular components or eliminate specific targets. The presence of autophagy in PDAC has been demonstrated. However, the implicated cellular pathways are not fully understood and, more importantly, the role of autophagy in PDAC is matter of intensive debate. This review summarizes recently published data in an attempt to clarify the importance of autophagy in this disease and try to reconcile apparently contradictory results.

scholarly journals Is there an oligometastatic state in pancreatic cancer? Practical clinical considerations raise the question

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1106) ◽  
pp. 20190627
Author(s):  
Marta Scorsetti ◽  
Tiziana Comito ◽  
Davide Franceschini ◽  
Ciro Franzese ◽  
Maria Giuseppina Prete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Clinical Considerations

Objectives: To evaluate the role of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) as a local ablative treatment (LAT) in oligometastatic pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients affected by histologically confirmed stage IV pancreatic adenocarcinoma were included in this analysis. Endpoints are local control (LC), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). Results: From 2013 to 2017, a total of 41 patients were treated with SBRT on 64 metastases. Most common sites of disease were lung (29.3%) and liver (56.1%). LC at 1 and 2 years were 88.9% (95% CI 73.2–98.6) and 73.9% (95% CI 50–87.5), respectively. Median LC was 39.9 months (95% CI 23.3—not reached). PFS rates at 1 and 2 years were 21.9% (95% CI 10.8–35.4) and 10.9% (95% CI 3.4–23.4), respectively. Median PFS was 5.4 months (95%CI 3.1–11.3). OS rates at 1 and 2 years were 79.9% (95% CI 63.7–89.4) and 46.7% (95% CI 29.6–62.2). Median OS was 23 months (95%CI 14.1–31.8). Conclusions: Our results, although based on a retrospective analysis of a small number of patients, show that patients with oligometastatic pancreatic cancer may benefit from local treatment with SBRT. Larger studies are warranted to confirm these results. Advances in knowledge: Selected patients affected by oligometastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma can benefit from local ablative approaches, like SBRT

scholarly journals Surgery for Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer: Is It Effective?

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Moletta ◽  
Simone Serafini ◽  
Michele Valmasoni ◽  
Elisa Sefora Pierobon ◽  
Alberto Ponzoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Disease Free Interval ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Recurrent Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Primary Neoplasm ◽  
Meta Analyses

Despite improvements to surgical procedures and novel combinations of drugs for adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapies for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, the recurrence rate after radical surgery is still high. Little is known about the role of surgery in the treatment of isolated recurrences of pancreatic cancer. The aim of this study was to review the current literature dealing with surgery for recurrent pancreatic cancer in order to examine its feasibility and effectiveness. An extensive literature review was conducted according to the 2009 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and 14 articles dealing with re-resections for recurrent pancreatic adenocarcinoma were analyzed, focusing on the characteristics of the primary neoplasm and its recurrence, the surgical procedures used, and patient outcomes. Data were retrieved on a total of 301 patients. The interval between surgery for primary pancreatic cancer and the detection of a recurrence ranged from 2 to 120 months. The recurrence was local or regional in 230 patients, and distant in 71. The median overall survival was 68.9 months (range 3–152) after resection of the primary tumor, and 26.0 months (range 0–112) after surgery for recurrent disease. The disease-free interval after the resection of recurrences was 14.2 months (range 4–29). Although data analysis was performed on a heterogeneous and limited number of patients, some of these may benefit from surgery for isolated recurrence of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Further studies are needed to identify these cases.

Analysis of preclinical and clinical data on the role of hyperthermia with gemcitabine and carboplatin on pancreatic adenocarcinoma

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14123-14123
Author(s):  
S. O. Peters ◽  
A. S. Stoltz ◽  
A. Bakshandeh ◽  
M. Vollmert ◽  
T. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Overall Survival ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Preclinical Data

14123 Background: Preclinical data show synergism of whole body hyperthermia (HT) of 41.8°C with gemcitabine (G) and carboplatin (CP) in lung head and neck tumor cell lines. Advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma is an aggressive disease and is associated with high morbidity and a median survival of 8 to 12 months. The role of whole body HT with G and CP in the treatment of pancreatic cancer is unknown. Methods: We first show preclinical data to study the effects of combining HT of 37°, 39°, 41.8 and 43°C for 1 h with G and CP on the human pancreas carcinoma cell line DAN-G. We assessed proliferation ratios using crystal-violett assays and cell cycles by flow cytometry. We secondly analyzed the clinical outcome of 13 pts that received whole body HT of 41.8°C with G and CP for advanced pancreatic cancer on a compassionate-use basis at our institution between 2000 to 2004 was assessed for toxicity, response and overall survival. Results: Preclinical studies showed no effects of HT of 37, 39 and 41.8°C on DAN-G cell proliferation and cell cycle behaviour when used alone without cytostatic drugs. At 43°C cells decompose (in all experiments). Additional G and/or CP at concentrations of IC50 to HT of 37, 39, 41, 8°C did not alter the effects of the drugs alone. Cell cycle anaylsis showed that an increment of temperatures did not effect cycle phases. Analysis of the clinical data of patients whole body HT with G and CP showed partial remissions in 3 pts (23%) and no change situations in 5 pts (38%). Of 13 pts received only 2 cycles because of disease progression (n = 5) or because they refused to further treatment due to minor toxicities. 4 pts received all 4 therapy cycles initially planned. Overall survival was 11.4 months, one year survival for all patients was 38%. Generally the treatment was well tolerated. Grade 3–4 toxicities were thrombocytopenia in one patient and therapy induced anemia and neutropenia in another patient occurring after the forth cycle of treatment. Conclusions: Preclinical and clinical data show that HT plus G and CP is of no benefit in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals How pancreatic adenocarcinoma might cause diabetes? The role of TGF- β

2021 ◽  
pp. 05-10
Author(s):  
Hanan F. Aly
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Preneoplastic Lesions ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Selective Depletion ◽  
New Onset

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a deadly sickness that stays incurable due to past due diagnosis, which renders any healing intervention challenging. Most PDAC sufferers expand de novo diabetes, which exacerbates their morbidity and mortality. How PDAC triggers diabetes continues to be unfolding. Using a mouse version of KrasG12D-pushed PDAC, which faithfully recapitulates the development of the human sickness, we determined a large and selective depletion of β-cells, taking place very early on the degrees of preneoplastic lesions. Mechanistically, it turned into observed that accelerated TGF beta (TGF-β) signaling throughout PDAC development induced erosion of β-mobileular mass thru apoptosis. Suppressing TGF-β signaling, both pharmacologically thru TGF-β immunoneutralization or genetically thru deletion of Smad4 or TGF-β kind II receptor (TβRII), afforded size able safety in opposition to PDAC-pushed β-mobileular depletion. From a translational perspective, each activation of TGF-β signaling and depletion of β-cells often arise in human PDAC, imparting a mechanistic cause of the pathogenesis of diabetes in PDAC sufferers, and similarly implicating new- onset diabetes as a capability early prognostic marker for PDAC. In this mini review we try to analyze the principle relationships between pancreatic cancer and diabetes and vice versa in addition to the implication of TGF-β signaling as a likely goal for attenuating diabetes in pancreatic most cancers patients.

Role of FDG PET/CT scan in preoperative pancreatic cancer staging.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 511-511
Author(s):  
Bhargavi Ghanta ◽  
Thavam C. Thambi-Pillai ◽  
Gary Timmerman ◽  
Christopher Fischer ◽  
Annie Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Metastatic Disease ◽  
Preoperative Staging ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Hepatic Metastatic Disease ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

511 Background: Guidelines do not recommend routine FDG PET/CT (PET) as preoperative staging for pancreatic cancer, although many single center series have demonstrated that PET can lead to changes in management in a sizable minority of patients. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients undergoing PET for potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma at our institution to help define the utility of PET in this setting. Methods: We reviewed patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosed at our center from June 2010 to May 2017 and included patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma felt to be potentially resectable following standard staging studies [computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)] who also underwent preoperative PET. Data collected and analyzed included: demographics, pre-PET staging, CA19-9 levels, PET results and surgical outcomes. Results: Forty eight patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma felt to be surgically resectable underwent PET. PET changed management in 4/48 (8.3%) of these patients. In all 4 of these patients, hepatic metastatic disease was detected on PET and planned surgery was canceled; metastatic disease was confirmed by biopsy in 1 of these patients. 1/48 (2.1%) of patients had a false positive PET scan, where a focus of suspected metastatic disease on PET was biopsied and found to be benign, allowing the patient to proceed to surgery. 3/48 (6.3%) of patients had a false negative PET; 2 patients had hepatic metastatic disease and one had peritoneal disease discovered during surgery. Mean time from negative PET to surgery in these 3 patients was 31 days (range 21-45). Degree of CA19-9 elevation and primary tumor FDG avidity did not correlate with detection of metastatic disease on PET. Conclusions: PET changed management in a smaller number of patients in this cohort than in many previously reported series with a nearly equal number of patients with false negative PET results proceeding to unnecessary surgery. These results are consistent with the currently uncertain role of PET in preoperative staging for pancreatic cancer and further work must be undertaken to optimize presurgical staging in this population.

scholarly journals Shedding Light on the Role of Neurotransmitters in the Microenvironment of Pancreatic Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyi Liang ◽  
Huimin Li ◽  
Yu Gan ◽  
Hong Tu
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Components ◽  
Cellular Components

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of less than 8%. The fate of PC is determined not only by the malignant behavior of the cancer cells, but also by the surrounding tumor microenvironment (TME), consisting of various cellular (cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and neurons) and non-cellular (cytokines, neurotransmitters, and extracellular matrix) components. The pancreatic TME has the unique characteristic of exhibiting increased neural density and altered microenvironmental concentration of neurotransmitters. The neurotransmitters, produced by both neuron and non-neuronal cells, can directly regulate the biological behavior of PC cells via binding to their corresponding receptors on tumor cells and activating the intracellular downstream signals. On the other hand, the neurotransmitters can also communicate with other cellular components such as the immune cells in the TME to promote cancer growth. In this review, we will summarize the pleiotropic effects of neurotransmitters on the initiation and progression of PC, and particularly discuss the emerging mechanisms of how neurotransmitters influence the innate and adaptive immune responses in the TME in an autocrine or paracrine manner. A better understanding of the interplay between neurotransmitters and the immune cells in the TME might facilitate the development of new effective therapies for PC.

scholarly journals Interaction of tumour cells with their microenvironment: ion channels and cell adhesion molecules. A focus on pancreatic cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1638) ◽  
pp. 20130101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annarosa Arcangeli ◽  
Olivia Crociani ◽  
Lapo Bencini
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Ion Channels ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Therapy Resistance ◽  
Tumour Microenvironment ◽  
Tumour Cells ◽  
Integrin Receptors ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Cellular Components

Cancer must be viewed as a ‘tissue’, constituted of both transformed cells and a heterogeneous microenvironment, the ‘tumour microenvironment’ (TME). The TME undergoes a complex remodelling during the course of multistep tumourigenesis, hence strongly contributing to tumour progression. Ion channels and transporters (ICTs), being expressed on both tumour cells and in the different cellular components of the TME, are in a strategic position to sense and mediate signals arising from the TME. Often, this transmission is mediated by integrin adhesion receptors, which are the main cellular receptors capable of mediating cell-to-cell and cell-to-matrix bidirectional signalling. Integrins can often operate in conjunction with ICT because they can behave as functional partners of ICT proteins. The role of integrin receptors in the crosstalk between tumour cells and the TME is particularly relevant in the context of pancreatic cancer (PC), characterized by an overwhelming TME which actively contributes to therapy resistance. We discuss the possibility that this occurs through integrins and ICTs, which could be exploited as targets to overcome chemoresistance in PC.

scholarly journals The Diagnostic and Prognostic Values of MicroRNA-196a in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengqiu Xiong ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Bei Pan ◽  
Junjie Nie ◽  
Shukui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarker ◽  
Survival Prognosis ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Lower Grade Glioma ◽  
Diagnostic Values

Abstract BackgroundmicroRNA-196a (miR-196a) was previously reported to be upregulated in cancers, and has the diagnostic and prognostic values in cancers. Whereas, the conclusion was still unclear according to the published data. To assess such a role of miR-196a in cancers, this study was conducted based on published data. MethodsTo identify the relevant published data, we searched articles in databases and then the relevant data was extracted to assess the correlation between miR-196a expression and diagnosis and survival for cancer patients, all data was analysis with the statistical software STATA. ResultsThe pooled results showed that miR-196a was a valuable diagnostic biomarker in cancer (AUC=0.87, 95%CI: 0.84-0.90; sensitivity=0.73, 95%CI:0.64-0.81; specificity=0.90, 95%CI:0.81-0.95), which was consistent with the data from databases (breast cancer: miR-196a-3p: AUC=0.77, 95%CI: 0.74-0.79; miR-196a-5p: AUC=0.71, 95%CI: 0.66-0.75; pancreatic cancer: miR-196a-3p: AUC=0.80, 95%CI: 0.73-0.87; miR-196a-5p: AUC=0.61, 95%CI:0.51-0.71). In addition, miR-196a in tissues was an unfavorable survival prognosis biomarker (HR=2.54, 95%CI: 1.79-3.61, PHeterogeneity =0.000, I2=75.8%) and serum or plasma (HR=4.06, 95%CI: 2.67-6.18, PHeterogeneity =0.668, I2=0%), which was consistent with the data from databases (adrenocortical carcinoma: HR=5.70; esophageal carcinoma: HR=1.93; brain lower grade glioma: HR=2.91; GSE40267: HR=2.47, 95%CI: 1.2-5.07; TCGA: HR=1.82, 95%CI: 1.21-2.74; GSE19783: HR=4.24, 95%CI:1-18.06). ConclusionOur results demonstrated that miR-196a acts as a tumor suppressor with prognostic and diagnostic values for cancer.

PET/CT IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PANCREATIC CANCER: LITERATURE REVIEW

2018 ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
P. E. Tulin ◽  
M. B. Dolgushin ◽  
D. I. Nevzorov ◽  
P. V. Kochergin ◽  
Yu. I. Patyutko
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Pancreatic Neoplasms ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Modern Imaging ◽  
Pet Ct

Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, often because most pancreatic neoplasms are found to be unresectable at diagnosis. Early staging of the tumor process can change the tactics of treatment and affect the survival of patients. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of pancreatic cancer and the role of modern imaging in its diagnosis with an emphasis on PET/CT with a various radiopharmaceuticals.

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