scholarly journals Microencapsulation for the Therapeutic Delivery of Drugs, Live Mammalian and Bacterial Cells, and Other Biopharmaceutics: Current Status and Future Directions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Tomaro-Duchesneau ◽  
Shyamali Saha ◽  
Meenakshi Malhotra ◽  
Imen Kahouli ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Therapeutic Delivery ◽  
Physical Chemical

Microencapsulation is a technology that has shown significant promise in biotherapeutics, and other applications. It has been proven useful in the immobilization of drugs, live mammalian and bacterial cells and other cells, and other biopharmaceutics molecules, as it can provide material structuration, protection of the enclosed product, and controlled release of the encapsulated contents, all of which can ensure efficient and safe therapeutic effects. This paper is a comprehensive review of microencapsulation and its latest developments in the field. It provides a comprehensive overview of the technology and primary goals of microencapsulation and discusses various processes and techniques involved in microencapsulation including physical, chemical, physicochemical, and other methods involved. It also summarizes the state-of-the-art successes of microencapsulation, specifically with regard to the encapsulation of microorganisms, mammalian cells, drugs, and other biopharmaceutics in various diseases. The limitations and future directions of microencapsulation technologies are also discussed.

scholarly journals Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions in the Regeneration of Multiple Tissues

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Jiaxin Zhang ◽  
Yuzhe Liu ◽  
Yutong Chen ◽  
Lei Yuan ◽  
He Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Future Directions

Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) can maintain self-renewal and enhanced multidifferentiation potential through the release of a variety of paracrine factors and extracellular vesicles, allowing them to repair damaged organs and tissues. Consequently, considerable attention has increasingly been paid to their application in tissue engineering and organ regeneration. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current status of ADSC preparation, including harvesting, isolation, and identification. The advances in preclinical and clinical evidence-based ADSC therapy for bone, cartilage, myocardium, liver, and nervous system regeneration as well as skin wound healing are also summarized. Notably, the perspectives, potential challenges, and future directions for ADSC-related researches are discussed. We hope that this review can provide comprehensive and standardized guidelines for the safe and effective application of ADSCs to achieve predictable and desired therapeutic effects.

State-of-the-art membrane based CO2 separation using mixed matrix membranes (MMMs): An overview on current status and future directions

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 817-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mashallah Rezakazemi ◽  
Abtin Ebadi Amooghin ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Montazer-Rahmati ◽  
Ahmad Fauzi Ismail ◽  
Takeshi Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mixed Matrix Membranes ◽  
Co2 Separation ◽  
Mixed Matrix ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Matrix Membranes

scholarly journals Temperature Sensing Performance of Microsphere Resonators

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibo Yu ◽  
Elfed Lewis ◽  
Gilberto Brambilla ◽  
Pengfei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Liquid Droplet ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Droplet Temperature ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sensing Performance

In recent years, many temperature sensing devices based on microsphere resonators have emerged, attracting an increasing research interest. For the purpose of this review article, microsphere resonators are divided according to their constituting materials, namely silicone, silica, compound glass, and liquid droplet. Temperature monitoring relies mainly on the thermo-optic/thermal expansion of the microspheres and on the fluorescence of the doped ions. This article presents a comprehensive review of the current state of the art of microsphere based temperature sensing and gives an indication of future directions.

scholarly journals Application of NiTi in Assistive and Rehabilitation Devices: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Nematollahi ◽  
Keyvan Safaei Baghbaderani ◽  
Amirhesam Amerinatanzi ◽  
Hashem Zamanian ◽  
Mohammad Elahinia
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Artificial Muscles ◽  
Control Force ◽  
Biomedical Devices ◽  
Robot Assisted ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Sma Actuator ◽  
Rehabilitation Devices

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have found widespread applications as biomedical devices. Biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, and ductility make these alloys attractive for medical devices such as stents and filters. For these implants, the superelastic property is the primary function of SMAs. Additionally, these alloys, such as NiTi as the prime example, can be used for actuation. Several modes of actuation such as displacement control, force control, and compliance control have been used as harnesses with SMA devices. These two unique properties have opened another application in the form of neurosurgery and robot-assisted surgery devices, as well as controlled assistive and rehabilitation devices. This paper reviews the state of the art of application of SMAs in the latter category where control is applied to harness innovative medical devices. To this end, two major subsets of these devices: prosthesis and orthosis which take the advantage of SMAs in assistive and rehabilitation devices are studied. These devices are further categorized to hand prosthetics, elbow, knee and ankle orthotics. In most of these designs, SMA wires act as artificial muscles to mimic the motion of limbs in the target joints. The evolution of each category is explained, and the specific results of them are reported. The paper also reviews the SMA applications for neurological and neuromuscular rehabilitation. To this end, different categories of rehabilitation devices as a passive and aided exercise for the ankle, knee, and elbow are highlighted. The SMA actuator in these devices can be EMG-controlled to improved patient outcome. In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the biomedical devices, this paper identifies several possible future directions of SMA related research in the area of assistive and rehabilitation devices.

scholarly journals Current Concepts and Future Directions for the Assessment of Autoantibodies to Cellular Antigens Referred to as Anti-Nuclear Antibodies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mahler ◽  
Pier-Luigi Meroni ◽  
Xavier Bossuyt ◽  
Marvin J. Fritzler
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Digital Reading ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases

The detection of autoantibodies that target intracellular antigens, commonly termed anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA), is a serological hallmark in the diagnosis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARD). Different methods are available for detection of ANA and all bearing their own advantages and limitations. Most laboratories use the indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assay based on HEp-2 cell substrates. Due to the subjectivity of this diagnostic platform, automated digital reading systems have been developed during the last decade. In addition, solid phase immunoassays using well characterized antigens have gained widespread adoption in high throughput laboratories due to their ease of use and open automation. Despite all the advances in the field of ANA detection and its contribution to the diagnosis of SARD, significant challenges persist. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current status on ANA testing including automated IIF reading systems and solid phase assays and suggests an approach to interpretation of results and discusses meeting the problems of assay standardization and other persistent challenges.

scholarly journals Surface, interface, and thin-film magnetism

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1299-1340 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Falicov ◽  
Daniel T. Pierce ◽  
S. D. Bader ◽  
R. Gronsky ◽  
Kristl B. Hathaway ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Material Growth ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Low Dimensional ◽  
Thin Film Magnetism

A comprehensive review and state of the art in the field of surface, interface, and thin-film magnetism is presented. New growth techniques which produce atomically engineered novel materials, special characterization techniques to measure magnetic properties of low-dimensional systems, and computational advances which allow large complex calculations have together stimulated the current activity in this field and opened new opportunities for research. The current status and issues in the area of material growth techniques and physical properties, characterization methods, and theoretical methods and ideas are reviewed. A fundamental understanding of surface, interface, and thin-film magnetism is of importance to many applications in magnetics technology, which is also surveyed. Questions of fundamental and technological interest that offer opportunities for exciting future research are identified.

scholarly journals Big Data Challenges and Opportunities in Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-66
Author(s):  
Maya Gopal P.S. ◽  
Bhargavi Renta Chintala
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Technical Challenges ◽  
Exciting Area

This article reviews various aspects of research concerning the background and state-of-the-art of big data in agriculture. This article focuses on data generation, storage, analysis and visualization in big data. In every phase, technical challenges and the latest advancement are discussed, and these discussions aim to provide a comprehensive overview and complete picture of this exciting area. This survey is concluded with a discussion on the application of big data in precision agriculture and its future directions.

Trends and Applications of Brain Computer Interfaces

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drishti Yadav ◽  
Shilpee Yadav ◽  
Karan Veer
Keyword(s):  
Search Strategy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Embryonic Stage ◽  
Brain Computer Interfaces ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Seamless Integration ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Recent Trends

Abstract:: This article provides a comprehensive review of the recent trends and applications of BCIs. This review also provides future directions towards the acceleration and maturation of BCI technology. Based on a methodical search strategy, major technical databases were searched in quest of research papers of average and outstanding interest. A total of 188 research works were contained within this review due to their suitability and state-of-the-art achievements. This review identifies various eminent applications of BCIs in medical and non-medical domains. The findings of this review reveal the need of further exploration of BCI devices outside the laboratory-based settings for their development and seamless integration. In addition, applications of BCIs, including neuromarketing, neurorehabilitation, and neuroergonomics, require additional investigations for further validation and fruition of BCI technology. Based on this review, it is concluded that BCIs are in their embryonic stage and seek further research and investigation for their maturation.

13 C-5-FU breath test current status and future directions: a comprehensive review

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 047002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hany H Ezzeldin ◽  
Edward P Acosta ◽  
Lori K Mattison ◽  
Jeanne Fourie ◽  
Anil Modak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breath Test ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Test Current
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