Investigation of the Protective Effects of Phlorizin on Diabetic Cardiomyopathy indb/dbMice by Quantitative Proteomics

Patients with diabetes often develop hypertension and atherosclerosis leading to cardiovascular disease. However, some diabetic patients develop heart failure without hypertension and coronary artery disease, a process termed diabetic cardiomyopathy. Phlorizin has been reported to be effective as an antioxidant in treating diabetes mellitus, but little is known about its cardioprotective effects on diabetic cardiomyopathy. In this study, we investigated the role of phlorizin in preventing diabetic cardiomyopathy indb/dbmice. We found that phlorizin significantly decreased body weight gain and the levels of serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Morphologic observations showed that normal myocardial structure was better preserved after phlorizin treatment. Using isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics, we identified differentially expressed proteins involved in cardiac lipid metabolism, mitochondrial function, and cardiomyopathy, suggesting that phlorizin may prevent the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy by regulating the expression of key proteins in these processes. We used ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to generate an interaction network to map the pathways containing these proteins. Our findings provide important information about the mechanism of diabetic cardiomyopathy and also suggest that phlorizin may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

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Prevalence of Toenail Onychomycosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Evaluation of Risk Factors

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/1010049 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 101 (1) ◽

pp. 49-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Aynur Gulcan ◽

Erim Gulcan ◽

Sukru Oksuz ◽

Idris Sahin ◽

Demet Kaya

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Essential Components ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Epidemiologic Risk

Background: We sought to determine the frequency of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients, to identify the causative agents, and to evaluate the epidemiologic risk factors. Methods: Data regarding patients’ diabetic characteristics were recorded by the attending internal medicine clinician. Clinical examinations of patients’ toenails were performed by a dermatologist, and specimens were collected from the nails to establish the onycomycotic abnormality. All of the specimens were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. Results: Of 321 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical onychomycosis was diagnosed in 162; 41 of those diagnoses were confirmed mycologically. Of the isolated fungi, 23 were yeasts and 18 were dermatophytes. Significant correlations were found between the frequency of onychomycosis and retinopathy, neuropathy, obesity, family history, and duration of diabetes. However, no correlation was found with sex, age, educational level, occupation, area of residence, levels of hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose, and nephropathy. The most frequently isolated agents from clinical specimens were yeasts. Conclusions: Long-term control of glycemia to prevent chronic complications and obesity and to promote education about the importance of foot and nail care should be essential components in preventing onychomycosis and its potential complications, such as secondary foot lesions, in patients with diabetes mellitus. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(1): 49–54, 2011)

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Survival, cardiovascular morbidity, and reinterventions after elective endovascular aortic aneurysm repair in patients with and without diabetes: A nationwide propensity-adjusted analysis

Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1177/1358863x19870243 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 539-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Soumia Taimour ◽

Tarik Avdic ◽

Stefan Franzén ◽

Moncef Zarrouk ◽

Stefan Acosta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aortic Aneurysm ◽

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair ◽

Total Mortality ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Adjusted Analysis ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Aneurysm Repair

Epidemiological data indicate decreased risk for development and growth of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). On the other hand, DM adds to increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. In a nationwide observational cohort study of patients registered in the Swedish Vascular Register and the Swedish National Diabetes Register, we evaluated potential effects of DM on total mortality, CV morbidity, and the need for reintervention after elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for AAA. We compared 748 patients with and 2630 without DM with propensity score-adjusted analysis, during a median 4.22 years of follow-up for patients with DM, and 4.05 years for those without. In adjusted analysis, diabetic patients showed higher rates of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during follow-up (relative risk (RR) 1.44, 95% CI 1.06–1.95; p = 0.02), but lower need for reintervention (RR 0.12, CI 0.02–0.91; p = 0.04). There were no differences in total (RR 0.88, CI 0.74–1.05; p = 0.15) or CV (RR 1.58, CI 0.87–2.86; p = 0.13) mortality, or stroke (RR 0.95, CI 0.68–1.32; p = 0.75) during follow-up. In conclusion, patients with DM had higher rates of AMI and lower need for reintervention after elective EVAR than those without DM, whereas neither total nor CV mortality differed between groups. The putative protective effects of DM towards further AAA enlargement and late sac rupture may help explain the lower need for reintervention and absence of excess mortality.

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Stress hyperglycemia is associated with in-hospital mortality in patients with diabetes and acute ischemic stroke

10.21203/rs.3.rs-54844/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Donghua Mi ◽

Zixiao Li ◽

Hongqiu Gu ◽

Yin Yang ◽

Chunjuan Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Stress Hyperglycemia ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Abstract Background and Objective: Stress hyperglycemia may occur in diabetic patients with acute severe cerebrovascular disease, but the results regarding its association with stroke outcomes are conflicting.Our study aimed to examine the association between stress-induced hyperglycemia and the occurrence of in-hospital death in patients with diabetes and acute ischemic stroke. Research Design and Methods: All data were from the Chinese Stroke Center Alliance (CSCA) database and were collected between 2016 and 2018 from > 300 centers across China. Patients’ demographics, clinical presentation, and laboratory data were extracted from the database. The primary endpoint was in-hospital death. The ratio of fasting blood glucose (FBG) to HbA1c was calculated, i.e., the stress-induced hyperglycemia ratio (SHR), to determine stress hyperglycemia following acute ischemic stroke. Results A total of 168,381 patients were included. The mean age was 66.2 ± 10.7, and 77,688 (43.0%) patients were female. The patients were divided into two groups: survivors (n = 167,499) and non-survivors (n = 882), as well as into four groups according to their SHR quartiles (n = 42,090 − 42,099/quartile). The frequencies of traditional cardiovascular risk factors increased with the SHR quartiles. There were 109 (0.26%), 142 (0.34%), 196 (0.47%), and 435 (1.03%) patients who died in the Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 quartiles, respectively. Compared with Q1 patients, the death risk was higher in Q4 patients (odds ratio (OR) = 4.02) (adjusted OR = 1.89, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14–3.12, P = 0.026 after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors). Conclusions The SHR may serve as an accessory parameter for the prognosis of patients with diabetes after acute ischemic stroke.Hyperglycemia in stroke patients with diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of in-hospital death.

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CaMKII Inhibition is a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Diabetic Cardiomyopathy

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.695401 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher R. Veitch ◽

Amelia S. Power ◽

Jeffrey R. Erickson

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Cardiac Dysfunction ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Critical Examination ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Camkii Activation ◽

Novel Therapeutic

Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide has pushed the complex disease state to the foreground of biomedical research, especially concerning its multifaceted impacts on the cardiovascular system. Current therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy have had a positive impact, but with diabetic patients still suffering from a significantly greater burden of cardiac pathology compared to the general population, the need for novel therapeutic approaches is great. A new therapeutic target, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), has emerged as a potential treatment option for preventing cardiac dysfunction in the setting of diabetes. Within the last 10 years, new evidence has emerged describing the pathophysiological consequences of CaMKII activation in the diabetic heart, the mechanisms that underlie persistent CaMKII activation, and the protective effects of CaMKII inhibition to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review will examine recent evidence tying cardiac dysfunction in diabetes to CaMKII activation. It will then discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which CaMKII activity is enhanced during diabetes. Finally, it will examine the benefits of CaMKII inhibition to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy, including contractile dysfunction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and arrhythmogenesis. We intend this review to serve as a critical examination of CaMKII inhibition as a therapeutic strategy, including potential drawbacks of this approach.

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Effect of ranolazine on HbA1c and blood glucose levels in diabetic patients with chronic angina

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20190647 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 377

Author(s):

Shilpa B. N. ◽

Shashikala G. H. ◽

Siddesh . ◽

Mallesh P.

Keyword(s):

Blood Glucose ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Antidiabetic Drugs ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Glucose Levels ◽

Blood Glucose Levels ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Chronic Angina ◽

Group 2

Background: Diabetes mellitus is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide and is one of the common co-morbid conditions associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). The overall prevalence of CAD is 7.4% but the prevalence of CAD in diabetics is 9%. Hence treatment of hyperglycemia is a key goal of secondary preventive therapy with a target of reducing HbA1c to <7%. The risk of CAD has been reported to occur 2 to3 decades prior in diabetics compared to non-diabetics. Hence discovery of drugs with potential role in both diabetes and CAD seems to be necessary. Ranolazine is a novel oral anti anginal drug known to reduce HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels in angina patients with diabetes. The objective of this study is to show the effect of ranolazine (antianginal drug) on HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic patients with chronic angina.Methods: Patients were divided into: Group 1 continued with previous antidiabetic drugs and antianginal drugs. Group 2 were prescribed Tab ranolazine 1000mg b.d (orally) as add on therapy along with previous antidiabetic drugs and antianginal drugs.Results: There was a significant reduction in HbA1c and FBS levels in Group 2 patients who were on ranolazine. Reduction of HbA1c in group1 and Group 2 was 0.21±0.65% and 1.30±1.16% respectively. Reduction of FBS in group1 and group2 was 10.66±27.80mg/dl and 29.97±31.49mg/dl respectively.Conclusions: From the present study we can conclude that ranolazine, an antianginal drug when given at a dose of 1000mg bd in diabetic patients with chronic angina reduces HbA1c and FBS levels.

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FOLLOW-UP OF DIABETIC PATIENTS UNDER A PRIMARY CARE PROGRAM IN THE CITY OF RIO BRANCO – ACRE - BRAZIL

Multidisciplinary Sciences Reports ◽

10.54038/ms.v1i1.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Daniela Neves Fernandes Do Vale ◽

Luís Eduardo Maggi ◽

Wagner Coelho de Albuquerque Pereira

Keyword(s):

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Family Health ◽

Care Program ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Ministry Of Health ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Strategy ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Family Health Strategy ◽

The City

Aims: Analyze the monitoring of patients with Diabetes Mellitus treated in the Family Health Strategy in the city Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. Methods: The study is an observational, analytical, cross-sectional research with a quantitative approach. Held from January 2015 to December 2016, in 12 health units (Family Health Strategy - ESF), in the city of Rio Branco, Acre. For data collection, a simple random drawing of a Family Health Group from each Health segment was carried out. After the drawing, a Verification Form was applied, developed from the recommendations of the Ministry of Health for monitoring diabetic patients. Results: In the 306 records analyzed, there was a predominance of females (68%), with an average age of 61.6 (SD ± 13) years. As for the metabolic control variables, the most prevalent test was fasting blood glucose (85%), with an average of 211.6 mg / dl. Regarding the number of medical consultations per year, in 2015, 216 consultations were carried out, with 36.9% of patients having three or more consultations / year, this number rose to 253 in 2016, with more than 3 consultations/year (48.1%). Metformin was the most used medication (77.8%), followed by Glibenclamide (53.3%) and insulin (22%). Conclusions: FHS groups in the city of Rio Branco, Acre partially follow the guidelines of the Ministry of Health in monitoring diabetic patients. The motives for that are yet to be evaluates, nevertheless it can have an unfavorable impact on their quality of life.

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Prevention of Diabetic Complications by Activation of Nrf2: Diabetic Cardiomyopathy and Nephropathy

Experimental Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2012/216512 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 63

Author(s):

Bing Li ◽

Shujun Liu ◽

Lining Miao ◽

Lu Cai

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽

Diabetic Complications ◽

Protective Action ◽

Redox Status ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Related Factor ◽

Oxidative Stresses ◽

Cellular Detoxification ◽

Patients With Diabetes

Diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy are two major causes of death of patients with diabetes. Extra generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), induced by hyperglycemia, is considered as the main reason for the development of these diabetic complications. Transcription factor, NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), is a master regulator of cellular detoxification response and redox status, and also provides a protective action from various oxidative stresses and damages. Recently we have demonstrated its important role in determining the susceptibility of cells or tissues to diabetes-induced oxidative stress and/or damage. Therefore, this review will specifically summarize the information available regarding the effect of Nrf2 on the diabetic complications with a focus on diabetic cardiomyopathy and nephropathy. Given the feature that Nrf2 is easily induced by several compounds, we also discussed the role of different Nrf2 activators in the prevention or therapy of various diabetic complications. These findings suggest that Nrf2 has a potential application in the clinic setting for diabetic patients in the short future.

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Interrelationship Between 2019-nCov Receptor DPP4 and Diabetes Mellitus Targets Based on Protein Interaction Network

10.21203/rs.3.rs-653800/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qian Gao ◽

Wenjun Zhang ◽

Tingting Li ◽

Guojun Yang ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Protein Interaction ◽

Protein Interaction Network ◽

Interaction Network ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

New Perspective ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

The Impact

Abstract Objective: Exploring the relationship between diabetes mellitus targets and DPP4 of the receptor of novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) through a protein interaction network to provide new perspective for clinical medication. Methods: Diabetes mellitus targets were obtained from GeneCards database. Targets with a relevance score exceeding 20 were included, and DPP4 protein was added manually. The initial protein interaction network was obtained through String. The targets directly related to DPP4 were selected as the final analysis targets. Importing them into String again to obtain the protein interaction network. Module identification, GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were carried out respectively. The impact of DPP4 on the whole network was analyzed by scoring the module where it located. Results: 43 DPP4-related proteins were finally selected from the diabetes mellitus targets and three functional modules were found by the cluster analysis. Module 1 was involved in insulin secretion and glucagon signaling pathway, module 2 and module 3 were involved in signaling receptor binding. The scoring results showed that LEP and apoB in module 1 were the highest, and the scores of INS, IL6 and ALB of cross module associated proteins of module 1 were the highest.Conclusions: DPP4 is widely associated with key proteins in diabetes mellitus. COVID-19 may affect DPP4 in patients with diabetes mellitus, leading to high mortality of diabetes mellitus combined with COVID-19. DPP4 inhibitors and IL-6 antagonists can be considered to reduce the effect of COVID-19 infection on diabetic patients.

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Proteomic Profiling of the Liver, Hepatic Lymph Nodes, and Spleen of Buffaloes Infected with Fasciola gigantica

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9120982 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 982

Author(s):

Rui-Si Hu ◽

Fu-Kai Zhang ◽

Hany M. Elsheikha ◽

Qiao-Ni Ma ◽

Muhammad Ehsan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Fasciola Gigantica ◽

Proteomic Profiling ◽

Absolute Quantitation ◽

Host Immune Responses ◽

Multiple Organs ◽

Parallel Reaction Monitoring ◽

Itraq Proteomics ◽

Isobaric Tag

In the present study, we used an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomics technology to characterize the differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the liver, hepatic lymph nodes (hLNs), and spleen of buffaloes infected with Fasciola gigantica (F. gigantica). We also used the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) method to verify the expression levels of the DEPs in the three infected tissues. At three days post-infection (dpi), 225, 1821, and 364 DEPs were detected in the liver, hLNs, and spleen, respectively. At 42 dpi, 384, 252, and 214 DEPs were detected in the liver, hLNs, and spleen, respectively. At 70 dpi, 125, 829, and 247 DEPs were detected in the liver, hLNs, and spleen, respectively. Downregulation of metabolism was prominent in infected livers at all time points, and upregulation of immune responses was marked in the hLNs during early infection (three dpi); however, no changes in the immune response were detected at the late stages of infection (42 and 70 dpi). Compared to the hLNs, there was no significant upregulation in the levels of immune responses in the infected spleen. All the identified DEPs were used to predict the subcellular localization of the proteins, which were related to extracellular space and membrane and were involved in host immune responses. Further PRM analysis confirmed the expression of 18 proteins. These data provide the first simultaneous proteomic profiles of multiple organs of buffaloes experimentally infected with F. gigantica.

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Clinical Characteristics of Diabetic Patients with COVID-19

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2020/1652403 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Guozhen Li ◽

Qin Deng ◽

Jiali Feng ◽

Fang Li ◽

Nian Xiong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Clinical Symptoms ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Antidiabetic Drugs ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

The Difference ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

D Dimer

Background. Since December 2019, novel coronavirus- (SARS-CoV-2) infected pneumonia (COVID-19) has rapidly spread throughout China. This study is aimed at describing the characteristics of COVID-19 patients in Wuhan. Methods. 199 COVID-19 patients were admitted to Wuhan Red Cross Hospital in China from January 24th to March 15th. The cases were divided into diabetic and nondiabetic groups according to the history of taking antidiabetic drugs or by plasma fasting blood glucose level at admission, and the difference between groups were compared. Results. Among 199 COVID-19 patients, 76 were diabetic and 123 were nondiabetic. Compared with nondiabetics, patients with diabetes had an older age, high levels of fasting plasma glucose (FPG), D-dimer, white blood cell, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and total bilirubin (TBIL), lower levels of lymphocyte, albumin and oxygen saturation (SaO2), and higher mortality (P<0.05). The two groups showed no difference in clinical symptoms. Diabetes, higher level of D-dimer at admission, and lymphocyte count less than 0.6×109/L at admission were associated with increasing odds of death. Antidiabetic drugs were associated with decreasing odds of death. Treatment with low molecular weight heparin was not related to odds of death. Conclusion. The mortality rate of COVID-19 patients with diabetes was significantly higher than those without diabetes. Diabetes, higher level of D-dimer, and lymphocyte count less than 0.6×109/L at admission were the risk factors associated with in-hospital death.

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