scholarly journals Correlates of Caregiver Burden among Family Members of Patients with Schizophrenia in Lagos, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Increase Ibukun Adeosun
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Care Giving ◽  
Poor Social Support ◽  
Time And Being ◽  
Emotional Strain

Family members of patients with schizophrenia have enormous roles in the care of their patients, which could negatively impact their well being. Development of interventions targeted at alleviating the burden of informal care giving is hinged on the recognition of the factors associated with the various dimensions of burden. This study determined the correlates of caregiver burden among family members of patients with schizophrenia in Lagos, Nigeria. The study instruments included the Zarit burden interview (ZBI) and the positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia (PANSS). Exploratory factor analysis of the ZBI produced a five-factor structure with “financial/physical strain”, “time/dependence strain”, “emotional strain”, “uncertainty”, and “self-criticism” domains. On multiple regression analyses, total PANSS scores, poor social support, and lower educational levels of caregivers were predictive of higher burden scores on the “financial/physical strain”, “time/dependence”, and “emotional strain” domains. Longer duration of illness, shorter patient-caregiver contact time, and being a female caregiver were predictive of higher burden scores on the “uncertainty”, “self-criticism”, and “emotional strain” domains, respectively. There is need for interventions to alleviate the burden on caregivers of patients with schizophrenia in Nigeria. These strategies must include comprehensive social support and improve access to services for patients and their caregivers.

Perceived social support and burden of care of male and female caregivers of patient with schizophrenia

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Narendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Nishant Goyal
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Burden Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

Background: Schizophrenia is associated with a high familial, social and economic burden. Schizophrenia is also associated with a high level of disability which may create impediments on the social and economic areas of the patients as well as on their respective family networks. Families with schizophrenia may encounter problems such as impairment of health and well being of other family members, restriction of social activities of the family members and shrinking of support from the social network. Aims: The present study examined the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study examining the difference in perceived social support and burden of care between the male and female caregivers of patients with schizophrenia. The sample consisted of 60 (30 male and 30 female) caregivers of the patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia as per ICD-10-DCR. Results and Conclusion: This study revealed that male caregivers perceived more social support and less burden of care as compared to female caregivers. Key words: Gender, social support, burden

scholarly journals Building and Connecting: Family Strategies for Developing Social Support Networks for Adults With Down Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Roll ◽  
Barbara J. Bowers
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Social Support Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Resources

Being embedded in social networks is crucial for well-being and health. While this is particularly the case for people with Down syndrome (DS), our knowledge of how their support networks are developed is limited. This article investigates the role of family members in developing and maintaining the social support networks of their adult children with DS. Based on 29 interviews with family members, a grounded theory study was conducted. The Family Building and Connecting (BAC) framework was developed, which distinguishes a “building” and a “connecting” approach. The building approach includes strategies that rely on family members and close friends for building a support network for the person with DS. The connecting approach includes strategies that connect the person with DS to external and often professional resources and services. Distinguishing these approaches is important for future research and for strengthening the support networks of people with DS and their families.

Informal Support, Health, and Burden Among Parents of Adult Children With Autism

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina N Marsack ◽  
Faith P Hopp
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Time Dependence ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Caregiver Support ◽  
Informal Social Support ◽  
Caregiver Health ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background and Objectives Many adults with autism spectrum disorders require lifelong reliance on caregiver support. As these caregivers age and experience health challenges, social support can be critical. This study seeks to understand if caregiver health moderates the relationship between informal social support and caregiver burden. Research Design and Methods A total of 320 parents (age 50+ years) of adult children diagnosed with ASD were recruited from autism organizations and support groups and completed a web-based survey. Separate moderation analyses were used to determine if caregiver health was moderating the relationship between informal social support and composite caregiver burden, as well as the separate domains of developmental, time dependence, emotional burden, and impact of caregiving on finances. For each analysis, perceptions of available informal social support were the independent variable, composite and domains of caregiver burden were dependent variables, and parents’ self-reported general health was the moderating variable. Results Caregiver health had a statistically significant moderating effect when predicting the relationships between informal social support and composite caregiver burden, as well as time dependence burden and impact of caregiving on finances. Discussion and Implications Increased attention should be focused on supporting the current and future needs of both aging caregivers and their adult children with ASD. Future research on the dynamics of social support, health, and burden is also urgently needed to address the growing number of aging caregivers of adults diagnosed with ASD.

scholarly journals Prediction of Psychological Well-Being in the Elderly by Assessing their Spirituality, Gratitude to God, and Perceived Social Support

Salmand ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-159
Author(s):  
Majid Sadoughi ◽  
◽  
Fatemeh Hesampour ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Psychological Well Being

Objectives: Today, psychological care for the elderly has received increasing attention due to potential threats posed by aging, loneliness, gradual decline in physical activity, increase of chronic diseases, social isolation, and physical and mental disabilities. The positive psychology approach to mental health seeks to promote the mental health of people by identifying and developing mental abilities and competences. The present study aimed to predict psychological well-being of the elderly based on the components of positive psychology including spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support. Methods & Materials: This is a descriptive correlational study conducted on 211 elderly people aged 60-70 years (109 males and 102 females) who were selected randomly. Data collection tools were a demographic form (surveying age, gender, education, marital status, and socioeconomic status), and Paloutzian and Ellisons’ Spirituality Well-Being Scale, short form of Ryff’s Psychological Wellbeing Scale, Emmons and Crumpler’s Gratitude to God Questionnaire, and Zimet’s Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS software V. 22 by using descriptive (Mean and Standard Deviation), Pearson correlation test, and stepwise regression analysis. Results: Mean and Standard Deviation of different study variables were reported as follows: Psychological well-being =7.1±10.68; Spirituality =90.22±15.36; Gratitude to God =14.09±2.41; Social support from family members =21.6±4.2; Social support from friends =16.5±5.8; and Social support from significant others =20.23±5. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that spirituality (F1,209=62.02, P=0.001), social support from family members (F1,208=11.06, P=0.001), and gratitude to God (F1,207=4.80, P=0.001) could significantly explain 27% of the psychological well-being variance in the elderly.  Conclusion: Increased spirituality, gratitude to God, and perceived social support especially from family members can improve psychological well-being of the elderly. Hence, Strengthening and paying special attention to their spiritual needs and perceived social support as well as planning health care for them can help increase their psychological well-being. 

scholarly journals Informal caregiver well-being during and after patients’ treatment with adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer: a prospective, exploratory study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. C. H. Langenberg ◽  
H. Poort ◽  
A. N. M. Wymenga ◽  
J. W. de Groot ◽  
E. W. Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Colon Cancer ◽  
Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Informal Caregiver ◽  
Informal Caregivers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

Abstract Introduction Caring for a significant other during cancer treatment can be demanding. Little is known about the well-being of informal caregivers of patients with colon cancer. This study aims to examine informal caregiver well-being during adjuvant chemotherapy for colon cancer. Material and methods This exploratory longitudinal, prospective study measured the course of informal caregiver burden (Self-Perceived Pressure of Informal Care), distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), health-related quality of life (RAND-36), marital satisfaction (Maudsley Marital Questionnaire), social support (Social Support List – Discrepancies), fatigue (Abbreviated Fatigue Questionnaire), and self-esteem (Caregiver Reaction Assessment) before (T0), during (T1), and after (T2) patients’ treatment. Results Baseline data of 60 out of 76 eligible dyads (79%) were analyzed. Mean levels of informal caregiver burden and distress improved significantly over time, as did their health-related quality of life and perceived social support. At baseline, 30% and 26.7% of informal caregivers reported moderate-to-high levels of burden and clinically relevant levels of distress, respectively, which changed to 20% and 18.8% at T2. Informal caregiver burden and distress at baseline were the strongest predictors of informal caregiver burden and distress during and following patients’ treatment, respectively. Conclusion When informal caregivers and patients experience problems before start of adjuvant chemotherapy, problems seem to improve over time. Approximately 20% of informal caregivers remain burdened and distressed after patients’ end of treatment. Paying attention to baseline distress and burden seems indicated, as these were strong predictors of informal caregivers’ well-being during and after treatment.

Age Differences and Similarities in Associated Stressors and Outcomes Among Young, Midlife, and Older Adult Family Caregivers

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502090526
Author(s):  
Athena Koumoutzis ◽  
Kelly E. Cichy ◽  
Mary Dellmann-Jenkins ◽  
Maureen Blankemeyer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Physical Strain ◽  
Emotional Strain

Background and Objectives Few studies have simultaneously compared caregivers in all stages of the adult life course. This study examined age differences in associations among primary stressors (caregiver burden which includes hours of provided care and number of activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living performed), secondary stressors (financial and employment strains), and caregiver outcomes (emotional strain and physical strain). Research Design Using Pearlin’s Stress Process Model (1990) and the Caregiving in the United States 2015 dataset, 1,156 caregivers were identified (including 278 young adults aged 18–39 years, 464 midlife adults aged 40–59 years, and 414 older adults aged 60–80 years). Results Post hoc analyses revealed that compared to older adults, young adults reported less caregiver burden, less physical strain, and greater financial strain. Linear regression analyses revealed associations between caregiver burden and financial strain with emotional and physical strain for all respondents. Discussion and Implications Findings emphasize the need for age-specific interventions.

Social networking sites in the workplace: an imperative

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveenraj Xavier ◽  
J. Reeves Wesley
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extant Literature

Purpose This paper aims to lay a theoretical foundation favoring the use of social networking sites (SNS) in workplace and its implication on employee stress and well-being. Prescriptive policies are also formulated to control unintended negative consequences. Design/methodology/approach The authors have used an explorative design. Prescriptive data were drawn from extant literature, simple discussions with employees and employers. Discussions were centered on the consequences of SNS. Findings In recent years, SNS usage has skyrocketed and use in the workplace has been controversial. Use of SNS enables employees to communicate and connect not only with coworkers but also with family members and friends, and it also helps to minimize the stress and improve the well-being of employees. However, a comprehensive policy that controls negative consequences should be in place. Originality/value This paper sensitizes readers on the need for permitting SNS usage within a policy-controlled setting in organizations. It also throws light on social support, stress and well-being.

scholarly journals Stigma experienced by family members of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities: multidimensional construct

BJPsych Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natasha Mitter ◽  
Afia Ali ◽  
Katrina Scior
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Intellectual And Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundThere is a lack of good-quality instruments measuring stigma experienced by family members of stigmatised people.AimsTo develop a self-report measure of stigma among families of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities and examine associations between family stigma and other variables.MethodThe new Family Stigma Instrument (FAMSI) was tested with 407 family carers, 53% of whose offspring had an autism spectrum disorder in addition to intellectual disability. They also completed measures of subjective well-being, caregiver burden, self-esteem and social support.ResultsThe FAMSI yielded a five-factor structure and had good reliability. Perceived family stigma, caregiver burden and subjective well-being were the strongest predictors of family stigma.ConclusionsThis instrument can advance our understanding of the impact of stigma on family members. It can also help us understand sociodemographic, psychosocial and contextual variables of both the carer and cared for person that may influence family members' experiences.Declaration of interestNone.

“I Had to Make Them Feel at Ease”: Narrative Accounts of How Women With Breast Cancer Navigate Social Support

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232198999
Author(s):  
Jaime D. Wright ◽  
Candyce H. Kroenke ◽  
Marilyn L. Kwan ◽  
Lawrence H. Kushi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cognitive Reframing ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Emotional Strain ◽  
Analysis Of Narratives

Social scientific studies of social support predominantly focus on the positive associations between social support and emotional well-being. The negative aspects of social support have received much less attention. We conducted semi-structured interviews of women with breast cancer ( n = 47) to examine the emotional strain associated with social support and how recipients navigate it in ways that protect themselves and their relationships. Based on our analysis of narratives of women’s lived experiences of breast cancer, we found that social support can be perceived negatively and associated with experiences of emotional strain. Interviewees engaged in strategies of avoidance, information control, and cognitive reframing to minimize emotional strain. We applied the concept of emotion work to understand the complexity of emotional strain in this context. The findings highlight the difficulties of social support from a recipient’s perspective and emphasize the importance of perception and agency in navigating this experience.

Are social supports in late midlife a cause or a result of successful physical ageing?

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 1159-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. VAILLANT ◽  
S. E. MEYER ◽  
K. MUKAMAL ◽  
S. SOLDZ
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Social Supports ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Multivariate Study ◽  
Poor Social Support

Background. Many studies have noted a strong association between poor social support and premature mortality. A limitation of such studies has been their failure to control adequately for confounders that damage both social supports and physical health.Methods. A 50-year prospective multivariate study of 223 men was used to examine the possible causal relationships between social supports and health. Alcohol abuse, prior physical health and mental illness prior to age 50 were controlled. Relative social supports were quantified over the period from age 50 to 70.Results. Adequacy of social supports from age 50 to 70 was powerfully correlated with physical health at age 70 (P<0·001). However, such social supports were also powerfully predicted by alcohol abuse (P<0·001), smoking (P<0·001) and indicators of major depressive disorder (P<0·01) assessed at age 50. When prior smoking, depression and alcohol abuse were controlled, then the association of physical health with social supports was very much attenuated. Some facets of social support like religion and confidantes were unassociated with health even at a univariate level. Surprisingly, in this sample friends seemed more important for sustained physical health than closeness to spouse and to children.Conclusions. While social supports undoubtedly play a significant role in maintaining physical well-being in late life, much of the association between poor social supports and mortality may be mediated by alcoholism, smoking and pre-morbid psychopathology.

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