scholarly journals Experimental Evidence on the Impact of Food Advertising on Children’s Knowledge about and Preferences for Healthful Food

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia A. Reisch ◽  
Wencke Gwozdz ◽  
Gianvincenzo Barba ◽  
Stefaan De Henauw ◽  
Natalia Lascorz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contributory Factor ◽  
Food Knowledge ◽  
Idefics Study ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthful Food

To understand the rising prevalence of childhood obesity in affluent societies, it is necessary to take into account the growing obesity infrastructure, which over past decades has developed into an obesogenic environment. This study examines the effects of one of the constituent factors of consumer societies and a potential contributory factor to childhood obesity: commercial food communication targeted to children. Specifically, it investigates the impact of TV advertising on children’s food knowledge and food preferences and correlates these findings with their weight status. Evaluations of traditional information- and education-based interventions suggest that they may not sustainably change food patterns. Based on prior consumer research, we propose five hypotheses, which we then test using a subsample from the IDEFICS study, a large-scale pan-European intervention study on childhood obesity. The results indicate that advertising has divergent effects on children’s food knowledge and preferences and that food knowledge is unrelated to food preferences. This finding has important implications for both future research and public policy.

scholarly journals Global Impact of COVID-19 on Weight and Weight-Related Behaviors in the Adult Population: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1876
Author(s):  
Han Shi Jocelyn Chew ◽  
Violeta Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To provide an overview of what is known about the impact of COVID-19 on weight and weight-related behaviors. Methods: Systematic scoping review using the Arksey and O’Malley methodology. Results: A total of 19 out of 396 articles were included. All studies were conducted using online self-report surveys. The average age of respondents ranged from 19 to 47 years old, comprised of more females. Almost one-half and one-fifth of the respondents gained and lost weight during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Among articles that examined weight, diet and physical activity changes concurrently, weight gain was reported alongside a 36.3% to 59.6% increase in total food consumption and a 67.4% to 61.4% decrease in physical activities. Weight gain predictors included female sex, middle-age, increased appetite, snacking after dinner, less physical exercise, sedentary behaviors of ≥6 h/day, low water consumption and less sleep at night. Included articles did not illustrate significant associations between alcohol consumption, screen time, education, place of living and employment status, although sedentary behaviors, including screen time, did increase significantly. Conclusions: Examining behavioral differences alone is insufficient in predicting weight status. Future research could examine differences in personality and coping mechanisms to design more personalized and effective weight management interventions.

scholarly journals A six-week healthy eating intervention with family engagement improves food knowledge and preferences but not dietary diversity among urban preschool children in Sri Lanka

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Fathima Sirasa ◽  
Lana Mitchell ◽  
Aslan Azhar ◽  
Anoma Chandrasekara ◽  
Neil Harris
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Healthy Eating ◽  
Child Nutrition ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Family Engagement ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Healthy Food ◽  
Food Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention (MCI) on children’s dietary diversity and its impact pathway components of children’s food knowledge and healthy food preferences. Design: A six-week cluster randomised controlled trial with a MCI consisting of child nutrition education plus family engagement, through parental nutrition education, meal preparation and tasting was compared with two groups: single component intervention (SCI) of child nutrition education, and control, conducted during February to July 2018. Preschool centres were randomly assigned to one of the three arms. Children’s food knowledge, healthy food preferences and dietary diversity scores were collected. Intervention effects were analysed using a pre-post analysis and a difference-in-difference model. Setting: Fourteen preschool centres in an urban area of Kurunegala, Sri Lanka Participants: Child-parent dyads of children aged 4-6 years. Final analyses included 306 (for food knowledge and preferences) and 258 (for dietary diversity) dyads. Results: MCI significantly influenced the impact pathways to children’s dietary diversity by increasing children’s food knowledge and healthy food preferences scores by 3.76 and 2.79 (P<0.001) respectively, but not the dietary diversity score (P=0.603), compared to control arm. Relative to SCI, MCI significantly improved children’s food knowledge score by 1.10 (P<0.001), but no significant effects were noted for other outcome variables. Conclusion: Improved food knowledge and preferences require a positive food environment and time to develop into healthy eating behaviours. Research into dietary diversity should broaden to incorporate the contextual roles of the home and general food environments to more completely understand food choices of children.

scholarly journals Co-creating a large-scale adolescent health survey integrated with access to digital health interventions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roshini Peiris-John ◽  
Lovely Dizon ◽  
Kylie Sutcliffe ◽  
Kristy Kang ◽  
Theresa Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Health ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Digital Health ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Providers ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
The Impact

Aim This paper describes how we engaged with adolescents and health providers to integrate access to digital health interventions as part of a large-scale secondary school health and wellbeing survey in New Zealand. Methods We conducted nine participatory, iterative co-design sessions involving 29 adolescents, and two workshops with young people (n = 11), digital and health service providers (n = 11) and researchers (n = 9) to gain insights into end-user perspectives on the concept and how best to integrate digital interventions in to the survey. Results Students’ perceived integrating access to digital health interventions into a large-scale youth health survey as acceptable and highly beneficial. They did not want personalized/normative feedback, but thought that every student should be offered all the help options. Participants identified key principles: assurance of confidentiality, usability, participant choice and control, and language. They highlighted wording as important for ease and comfort, and emphasised the importance of user control. Participants expressed that it would be useful and acceptable for survey respondents to receive information about digital help options addressing a range of health and wellbeing topics. Conclusion The methodology of adolescent-practitioner-researcher collaboration and partnership was central to this research and provided useful insights for the development and delivery of adolescent health surveys integrated with digital help options. The results from the ongoing study will provide useful data on the impact of digital health interventions integrated in large-scale surveys, as a novel methodology. Future research on engaging with adolescents once interventions are delivered will be useful to explore benefits over time.

FL Instructor Beliefs About Machine Translation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Emily Hellmich ◽  
Kimberly Vinall
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Machine Translation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Instructor Beliefs ◽  
The Impact

Machine translation (MT) platforms have gained increasing attention in the educational linguistics community. The current article extends past research on instructor beliefs about MT by way of an ecological theoretical framework. The study reports on a large-scale survey (n=165) of FL university-level instructors in the U.S. Findings indicate strong lines being drawn around acceptable MT use (e.g., in relation to text length and skill, policies), an acknowledgement of widespread student use driven by diverse motivations, and the Janus-faced nature of MT's potential threat to the profession. These findings reveal several salient tensions in how MT mediates relationships in language education (e.g., constructions of students, the nature of language and language learning, goals of the profession) that shed new light on the impact of MT technologies on the field. Implications for future research and the development of pedagogical practices anchored in digital literacies conclude the piece.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Ethnic Stacking: Military Defection during Uprisings in Africa

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Morency-Laflamme ◽  
Theodore McLauchlin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Group Loyalty ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Does ethnic stacking in the armed forces help prevent military defection? Recent research, particularly in Africa and the Middle East, suggests so; by favoring in-groups, regimes can keep in-group soldiers loyal. In-group loyalty comes at the cost of antagonizing members of out-groups, but many regimes gladly run that risk. In this research note, we provide the first large-scale evidence on the impact of ethnic stacking on the incidence of military defection during uprisings from below, using data on fifty-seven popular uprisings in Africa since formal independence. We find clear evidence for the downside: ethnic stacking is associated with more frequent defection if out-group members are still dominant in the armed forces. We find more limited support for the hypothesized payoff. Ethnic stacking may reduce the risk of defection, but only in regimes without a recent history of coup attempts. Future research should therefore trace the solidification of ethnic stacking over time.

Altered Appearance from Cancer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Paraskeva ◽  
Alex Clarke ◽  
Diana Harcourt
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Appearance Changes ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract: This chapter delineates various appearance alterations that can result from cancer and its treatment. It focuses on describing the impact of appearance changes involving weight, scarring from surgery, alopecia, ascites, and lymphedema. It also examines the influence of patient-related factors (i.e., gender, age) and treatment-related factors on appearance-related distress. Various models of adjustment to alterations in appearance are presented with particular attention to predisposing factors, intervening cognitive processes, and measurable outcomes identified by large-scale research studies conducted by the Appearance Research Collaboration. Finally, the chapter identifies gaps in knowledge and directions for future research needed to advance the understanding of an individual’s experiences of living with an altered appearance due to cancer.

Human Influences on Wildfire in Alaska from 1988 through 2005: An Analysis of the Spatial Patterns of Human Impacts

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Calef ◽  
A. D. McGuire ◽  
F. S. Chapin
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Area Burned ◽  
Interior Alaska ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Boreal ecosystems in Alaska are responding to climate change in many ways, including changes in the fire regime. While large-scale wildfires are an essential part of the boreal forest ecosystem, humans are changing fire regimes through ignition and suppression. The authors analyzed the impact humans have on fire ignitions and relative area burned with distance into the forest from human access points such as settlements, highways, and major rivers in Alaska from 1988 to 2005. Additionally, a fire prediction model was created to identify drivers for lightning fires in the boreal forest. Human presence increases the number of ignitions near settlements, roads, and rivers and appears to reduce the area burned within 30–40 km of villages and rivers. In contrast to fires near roads and rivers, human presence may somewhat increase the area burned within 30–40 km of highways. The fire prediction model indicated that the probability of fire increases as distance from human settlements increases. In contrast, the model indicated that the probability of fire decreases as distance from roads increases and that the probability of fire in relation to distance from rivers depends on the year of analysis. While the ecological consequences of these human impacts are still unclear, this research shows that human influences on fire regime clearly affect the pattern of fire within 40 km of settlements, which is an area that represents 31% of interior Alaska. Future research should focus on more completely understanding the role of human presence in the suppression of wildfires in interior Alaska.

QoS Oriented Enhancement based on the Analysis of Dynamic Job Scheduling in HPC

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshmi Raveendran ◽  
D. Shanthi Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Job Scheduling ◽  
Dynamic Scheduling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Allocation ◽  
The Impact

With the advent of High Performance Computing (HPC) in the large-scale parallel computational environment, better job scheduling and resource allocation techniques are required to deliver Quality of Service (QoS). Therefore, job scheduling on a large-scale parallel system has been studied to minimize the queue time, response time, and to maximize the overall system utilization. The objective of this paper is to touch upon the recent methods used for dynamic resource allocation across multiple computing nodes and the impact of scheduling algorithms. In addition, a quantitative approach which explains a trend line analysis on dynamic allocation for batch processors is depicted. Throughout the survey, the trends in research on dynamic allocation and parallel computing is identified, besides, highlights the potential areas for future research and development. This study proposes the design for an efficient dynamic scheduling algorithm based on the Quality-of-Service. The analysis provides a compelling research platform to optimize dynamic scheduling of jobs in HPC.

Assessment of Eating Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Ionel Nitu ◽  
Victoria Ancuta Rus ◽  
Remus Sebastian Sipos ◽  
Tiberiu Nyulas ◽  
Maria Paula Cherhat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

Abstract Background: In order to counter and control the spread of the new COVID-19 pandemic, at the beginning of March 2020, the Romanian government decided to apply strict isolation and quarantine measures. Objective: In the present study, we aimed to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and isolation/quarantine at home on lifestyle and daily diet, and to identify changes caused by the pandemic related to the nutritional status and food preferences of the Romanian population. Material and Method: We conducted a prospective observational study based on a structured questionnaire that included 30 items for investigating multiple aspects regarding the dietary habits in the context of the pandemic, quarantine and social isolation imposed by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The questionnaire was disseminated on various online platforms accessible from any device with an internet connection in Romania, on social media groups between January and March 2021. The questionnaire was made online, using the Google Forms platform, this method being very useful for carrying out the proposed evaluation, as it facilitated the national dissemination of the evaluation questionnaire. The final study group consisted of 620 respondents from 35 counties of Romania. Results: Regarding weight status, we found that the respondents showed significantly more frequent weight fluctuations during the pandemic than before (p <0.0001). The results showed an increase in the mean weight of the respondents during the pandemic vs. their mean weight before (p = 0.04). In contrast, there were no statistically significant differences between the BMI calculated before and during the pandemic (p = 0.3). Respondents, who had a chaotic diet (40.64%) before the pandemic, became significantly more organized in this regard during the pandemic (35.96%) (p = 0.008). Conclusions: We can state that the pandemic period and isolation at home analyzed in terms of eating habits had positive consequences for about half of the study participants which adopted an organized, diversified eating behavior and balanced lifestyle.

scholarly journals Disaster management and humanitarian logistics – A South African perspective

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilna L. Bean ◽  
Nadia M. Viljoen ◽  
Hans W. Ittmann ◽  
Elza Kekana
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Humanitarian Logistics ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The South ◽  
Management Context ◽  
African Perspective ◽  
The Impact

Disasters are becoming an unavoidable part of everyday life throughout the world, including South Africa. Even though South Africa is not a country affected by large-scale disasters such as earthquakes, the impact of disasters in South Africa is aggravated significantly by the vulnerability of people living in informal settlements. Humanitarian logistics, as a ‘new’ sub-field in the supply chain management context, has developed significantly recently to assist in disaster situations. This paper provides an overview of the South African humanitarian logistics context. Even though humanitarian logistics plays a critical role in the aftermath of disasters, it extends far beyond events that can typically be classified as ‘disasters’. Therefore the implication of the South African humanitarian logistics context on future research and collaboration opportunities in South African humanitarian logistics is also discussed. Finally, two recent case studies in the South African humanitarian logistics environment are discussed.

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